No abstract available.
Colon* ; Humans* ; Morphine* ; Naloxone* ; Perfusion*

The present studies were carried out, under natural room condition from June to July in 1969. The period required for growth of eggs and larva varied according to various temperatures and methods of rearing. The average number of eggs laid by the Culex pipiens pallens was 137 per egg raft. The period of gonotrophic cycle was from 3 to 6 days: incubation period of eggs was from 1.5 to 2 days: larva period was from 10 to 14 days: pupa period was from 2 to 3 days. Accordingly, the period from the beginning of gonotrophic cycle to the adult mosquitos in next generation required 25 days at the longest and 16.5 days at the shortest.
parasitology-arthropodology-Culex pipiens pallens ; life cycle ; egg ; pupa ; larva ; mosquito

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of sexual rehabilitation education on the knowledge of sexual activities and satisfaction of sexual activities of spinal cord injury clients by the method of Nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest group. The study period was between Jan. 6th and Apr. 11th, 1999. The experimental group was 21 spinal cord injury clients from one general hospital, and the control group was 21 spinal cord injury clients from three University hospital. Sexual rehabilitation education was done with manuals and video-tapes. Education time was 90 minutes a week for 4 weeks. The study tool was 20 questionnaires about sexual knowledge, designed Song, Chung Sook(1990) and 10 questionnaires from Derogatis's Derogatis Sexual Function Inventory for satisfaction of sexual activities(1979) translated by Jang, Soon Boke(1989). Analysis of data was done by x2 -test, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA and simple main effect with SAS/PC. The results are as follows. The 1st. hypothesis, "The group educated about the sexual rehabilitation has more sexual activities knowledge than those of the uneducated group." is significant statistically(F=12.06, p=0.001). The 2nd. hypotheses, "The group educated about the sexual rehabilitation has more satisfaction of sexual activities than those of the uneducated group." is significant statistically(F=5.04, p=0.030). According to the results, sexual rehabilitation education helps spinal cord injury clients to gain knowledge of sexual activities and satisfaction of sexual activities.
Education* ; Hospitals, General ; Music ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation* ; Sexual Behavior* ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord*

No abstract available.
Bone Marrow* ; Lymphoma*

No abstract available.
Alopecia

In 11(64.7%) of 17 eyes treated by intravitreal gas injection, the retinas were successfully attached during follow-up period that ranged from 12 to 39 months. Group I(detachment limited to the perimaculararea) patients need more frequent gas injection than group II(detachment extending to equator), but success rate of group I(83.3%) is higher than group II(66.7%). Group III(detachment with peripheral retinal break) patients are not successful by gas injection only. In the succesful eyes, macular holes are not visible, but "window defects" are present on FAG. The relative scotomas improve. Recurrent detachment cases(31.3%) are associated with posterior staphyloma, peripheral retinal break and trauma. Time of late recurrences ranged from 4 to 13 months postoperatively(mean: 7 months).
Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Perforations* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Scotoma

Hemispheric retinal vein occlusion(HSRVO) involves the venous return from approximately one-half of the retina and have characteristics of both central retinal vein occlusion and branch retinal vein occlusion. We have clinically analized in 20 patients that were classified as the HSRVO from June 1988 to December 1993 in the aspect of spheric distribution of diseased retina, sex, age, associated systemic diseases, ocular sequale. The patients were comprised of 6 males and 14 females. The average age was 57.5 years. There were no significant differences in superior and inferior spherical distribution. The most common associated systemic disease was hypertension(40%) and the next was diabets mellitus(20%). As sequle, macula edema in 9 cases and retinal neovascularization and vitreal hemorrhage in 5 cases were found. But iridis rubeosis or neovascular glaucoma was not found. Clinically, HSRVO is closer to branch retinal vein occlusion than central retinal vein occlusion.
Edema ; Female ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Retina ; Retinal Vein Occlusion* ; Retinal Vein* ; Retinaldehyde*

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella has been steadily increased, and the newer species K. planticola and K terrigena, formerly regarded as nonpathogen, have been reported with astonishing frequency from human infectious processes by some investigators. The aim of this study is to elucidate the isolation rate and antimicrobial susceptibility of recent clinical Klebsiella isolates. METHOD: For the clinical Klebsiella isolates during the period of June 1999 to May 2000, isolation frequency of Klebsiella species by specimen, departments, age, and sex were analyzed. And antimicrobial susceptibilities were also analyzed. RESULT: Isolation rate of Klebsiella in order of decreasing frequency were K. pneumoniae (74:7%), K. oxytoca (12.1%), K. ozaenae(1.7%), K. planticola(1.0%), K. terngena(0.9%), and K, ornithinolytica (0.7%), respectively. K. rhinoscleromatis was not isolated. Compared with outpatients, increase of resistance rates of inpatients's Klebsiella isolates were 10% in ciprofloxacin, 15% in cefoperazone/sulbactam, and the others were ranged from 24% to 31%. Isolation rate of ESBL producing K. pneumoniae by double disk (DD) synergy test was 41%, and detection rates by antimicrobial agents were as follows: cefotaxime (95%), aztreonam (58%), and ceftriaxone (37%). Antimicrobial susceptibility rate with the exception of ampicillin and imipenem decreased from the range of 81%-96% on admission day to 29-62% after one week on admission. CONCLUSION: The isolation rates of K. planticola and K. terrigena were less than 1%. The proportion of ESBL producing K. pneumoniae was 41 %. And the vast majority of multidrug resistant Klebsiella including ESBL producing strains are acquired by hospitalization.
Ampicillin ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Aztreonam ; beta-Lactamases ; Cefotaxime ; Ceftriaxone ; Ciprofloxacin ; Epidemiology* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Imipenem ; Incidence ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Klebsiella* ; Outpatients ; Pneumonia ; Research Personnel

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella has been steadily increased, and the newer species K. planticola and K terrigena, formerly regarded as nonpathogen, have been reported with astonishing frequency from human infectious processes by some investigators. The aim of this study is to elucidate the isolation rate and antimicrobial susceptibility of recent clinical Klebsiella isolates. METHOD: For the clinical Klebsiella isolates during the period of June 1999 to May 2000, isolation frequency of Klebsiella species by specimen, departments, age, and sex were analyzed. And antimicrobial susceptibilities were also analyzed. RESULT: Isolation rate of Klebsiella in order of decreasing frequency were K. pneumoniae (74:7%), K. oxytoca (12.1%), K. ozaenae(1.7%), K. planticola(1.0%), K. terngena(0.9%), and K, ornithinolytica (0.7%), respectively. K. rhinoscleromatis was not isolated. Compared with outpatients, increase of resistance rates of inpatients's Klebsiella isolates were 10% in ciprofloxacin, 15% in cefoperazone/sulbactam, and the others were ranged from 24% to 31%. Isolation rate of ESBL producing K. pneumoniae by double disk (DD) synergy test was 41%, and detection rates by antimicrobial agents were as follows: cefotaxime (95%), aztreonam (58%), and ceftriaxone (37%). Antimicrobial susceptibility rate with the exception of ampicillin and imipenem decreased from the range of 81%-96% on admission day to 29-62% after one week on admission. CONCLUSION: The isolation rates of K. planticola and K. terrigena were less than 1%. The proportion of ESBL producing K. pneumoniae was 41 %. And the vast majority of multidrug resistant Klebsiella including ESBL producing strains are acquired by hospitalization.
Ampicillin ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Aztreonam ; beta-Lactamases ; Cefotaxime ; Ceftriaxone ; Ciprofloxacin ; Epidemiology* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Imipenem ; Incidence ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Klebsiella* ; Outpatients ; Pneumonia ; Research Personnel

OBJECTIVES: Slow transit type of chronic constipation can be divided into two types, colonic constipation, and generalized gastrointestinal dysmotility. However, it is debatable whether generalized GI dysmotility should be considered as upper gastrointestinal dysmotility secondary to colonic constipation or independent type of chronic constipation. In this study, we compared gastric emptying time(T1/2) of patients of chronic constipation with that of normal controls, and tried to find out any relationship between segmental colonic transit time and gastric emptying time. METHODS: Twenty three patients with chronic slow transit constipation who either visited or admitted to Youngdong Severance Hospital between september 1995 to lune 1997, and 27 normal controls were recruited. Both the patients and normal controls were fed with radioopaque material and colonic transit time and gastric emptying time were measured. RESULTS: 1) Seventy four percent of patients with chronic slow transit constipation showed a delayed gastric emptying time. Patients group showed a significantly delayed gastric emptying time compared with that of normal controls(110.9+/-32.3 min vs. 72.1+/-11.4 min, p<0.05). Gastric emptying time in respect to gender showed significant differences in normal controls(M=65.5+/-9.6 min, F=78.7+/-10.4 min). However, no significant difference was found in patient group(M=97.8+/-11.8 min, F=114.5+/-35.4 min). 2) In chronic slow transit constipation, colonic transit time was 48.8+/-11.7 hr. Each segments of colon showed a different transit time: Right colon 19.3+/-7.3 hr, left colon 21.2+/-12.3 hr, and rectosigmoid 8.3+/-9.2 hr. All of which were significantly delayed, compared with those of normal controls. 3) In patients group, colonic transit time of the whole colon had no significant correlation with gastric emptying time. 4) Seventy five percent of patients with chronic slow transit constipation whose right colonic transit time was delayed showed a delayed gastric emptying time. On the other hands, 63% of patients with delayed left colonic transit time had a delayed gastic emptying time. Patients with delayed gastric emptying time and those with normal gastric emptying time had no significantly different colonic transit time(49.1+/-13.2 hr vs 48.0+/-6.5 hr). CONCLUSIONS: Large number of patients with chronic slow transit constipation had a delayed gastric emptying time. When surgical treatment is considered in patients with chronic slow transit constipation, it seems to be beneficial to estimate such parameters as manometry or gastric emptying time in order to evaluate functional derangement of UGI tract. These parameters may provide a guideline in treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation.
Colon ; Constipation ; Gastric Emptying* ; Hand ; Humans ; Manometry