A statistical analysis of the diagnostic value for 244 aspiration biopsy cytology(ABC) among a total 1,043 cases from various sites was performed. ABC, using diagnostic terminology similar to that of a surgical pathology reports, was compared to the final tissue diagnosis. For the entire series, a sensitivity of 91.8%, a specificity of 99.3%, a positive predictive value of 98.9%, a negative predictive value of 94.8%, and an efficacy of the test of 96.3% were shown. There were 8 false negative and 1 false positive diagnosis. The diagnostic accuracy was 89.8%. Those results indicate that the ABC is a considerably highly accurate procedure that should be routinely employed.
Biopsy, Needle* ; Diagnosis ; Pathology, Surgical ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Porokeratosis (mibelli's disease) is a chronic, heritable disorder of the skin, which has a regular dominant limitation to the male sex. This is characterized by localized areas of faulty keratinization resulting in the cornoid lamella, the morphologic and histologic hallmakr of the disease process. Histogenesis is best explained as a mutant clonal keratosis of epidermis, these clonal cells are probably ingerited. A case of porokeratosis Mibelli is reported with its clinical, histological evaluation and review of articles.
Epidermis ; Humans ; Keratosis ; Male ; Porokeratosis* ; Skin

Background: There have been many reports on microbial contamination of antiseptics and disinfectant used in the hospitals. Mid to low level disinfectants such as chlorhexidine gluconate, quaternary ammonium, phenols and benzalkonium are reported to be the one with high risk of microbial contamination. We investigated microbial contamination of 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate solution used in our hospital. Methods: 0,05% chlorhexidine gluconate solution and 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate cotton balls used in the general ward and intensive care unit were randomly collected for microbial culture. Also, sterile water, 20% chlorhexidine gluconate and staining solution, which is mixed in the preparation room to make 0,05% chlorhexidine gluconate solutions, were collected for bacterial culture to evaluate the focus of microbial contamination. Results: Total of 31 chlorhexidine gluconate samples was randomly collected from general wards. intensive care unit and preparation room for microbial culture. Seven of thirteen 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate solution and 5 of twelve 0.05% chlorhexidine soaked cotton balls kept in a canister were contaminated by Burkholderia cepacia. Sterile water used for dilution of 20% chlorhexidine gluconate to make 0.05% chlorhexidine and originally purchased 20% chlorhexidine gluconate were not contaminated by microorganism. But staining solution that is used as an additive to differentiate from other diluted disinfectants was contaminated by Bukholderia cepacia. 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate solutions that were mixed in the preparation room were also contaminated by same organism. Source of contamination was thought to be staining solution. All the previously made chlorhexidine. solutions and staining solution were discarded. Staining solution was not used afterward. Several processes in the handling of chlorthexidine solution were corrected and no microbial contamination was found afterward. Conclusion: Diluted chlorthexidine gluconate solutions are always under a risk of microbial contamination if any of the process in the handling is overlooked. Staining solution as an additive to disinfectants should be used carefully.
Ammonium Compounds ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; Benzalkonium Compounds ; Burkholderia cepacia ; Chlorhexidine* ; Disinfectants ; Intensive Care Units ; Patients' Rooms ; Phenol ; Phenols ; Water

This study was undertaken to grasp health-promoting behavior of the elderly and to identify variables related to them in order to facilitate nursing intervention for health promotion of this population. The subjects for this study were 291 old persons obtained by cluster sampling from twenty general social welfare centers located in Tague. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from August 13 to September 13, 1996. Questionnaires were developed based on Sherer and others Self-Efficacy scale, Rosenberg's Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale, Northern Illinois University's Health Self Rating Scale, Walker and others' Health Promotion Lifestyles Profile. Analysis of the data was done by use of descriptive statistics, stepwise multiple regression, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, MANOVA, t-test, and ANOVA. The results were summarized as follows : 1. For the practice of health-promoting behavior, the mean score was 2.89 and range was 3.59 to 2.09. The factor of the highest mean score was regular diet(M=3.42) and factor of the lowest mean score was stress management(M=2.27). 2. The combination of self-efficacy, internal health locus of control, family number, and average monthly pocket money explained 30.0% of the variance of health-promoting behavior. 3. With regard to the relationship between health-promoting behavior and cognitive perceptual factor, self-efficacy correlated positively with health-promoting behavior(r=.4951, P=.0001), self-esteem correlated positively(r=.3263, P=.0001), internal health locus of control correlated positively(r=.3244, P=.0001), perceived health status correlated positively(r=.1355, P=.0274). 4. According to age(F=2.50, P=.0431), sex(t=2.14, P=.0332), marital status(F=7.85, P=.0005), education(F=5.44, P=.0003), family number(F=11.18, P=.0001), people living together(F=7.21, P=.0009), previous occupation(F=5.83, P=.0001), average monthly pocket money(F=7.27, P=.0001), there were differences of health-promoting behavior. The above findings show that health-promoting behavior are related to demographic characteristics, four cognitive perceptual factors(self-efficacy, self-esteem, internal health locus of control, perceived health status). On the basis of the above findings the following recommendations are made; 1. Nursing interventions enhancing exercise or activity, accountability for health, stress management of the elderly must be provided. 2. Nursing strategies enhancing self-efficacy which is most significant effect on health-promoting behavior must be developed.
Aged* ; Hand Strength ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Illinois ; Internal-External Control ; Life Style ; Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Social Responsibility ; Social Welfare

Porencephaly is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by a cavitary hole extending from the cerebral mantle to the ventricle of the brain and covered by leptomeningeal membrane. It is now generally believed that the porencephaly represents a fetal or neonatal destructive process of the neural tissue. Authors experienced an autopsy case of bilateral porencephaly in a 35-day-old Korean male infant who died of sepsis. The brain weighed 150 gms and morphologically well formed except for two large symmetric defects at the fronto-parietal region. These defects were characterized by cleft-like shape, covering the entire cerebral mantle with resultant direct communication between ventricular cavity and leptomeninges. Thin leptomeningeal trabeculae were covering the cavity. There was a smooth transition between ependyma and roof of the defects. There are focal, microscopic cerebral infarct and abscess without connection with the cavitary lesion. The remaining central nervous system was unremarkable.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans

Proliferating trichilemmal tumor is one of rare benign tumors of the skin appendages, considering as hamartoma of the terminal hair follicle, isthmic segment of the outer root sheath. We report a case of numerous proliferating trichilemmal tumors admixed with ordinary trichilemmal cysts with femilial history in 64-year-old man. He has total 157 lesions, which are chiefly located in scalp (48), back (32), and also face, neck, trunk, extremities. Histologically, the tumor is composed of irregularly arranged and ansatomosed trabeculae, lobules, or sheets of proliferated trichilemmal squamous epithelium with peripheral palisading of the basaloid cells. Several layers of squamoid or ovoid cells have PAS-positive clear cytoplasm. And it also shows abrupt amorphous, trichilemmal keratinization. Some squamous eddies with mild cellular atypism are associated, but definite invasion or other evidence of the malignancy is not found. usual multiple trichilemmal cysts are admixed with tumor and occasionally exhibit connection between them.
Cysts ; Hamartoma

Nowday, ionizing radiation is one of the methods eradicating the uterine cervical malignancy. However radiation alone or in combination with surgery have an effect on normal tissue as well as the malignant cells, and their changes have been well described in other countries. Unfortunately, the history of radiation modality for cancer treatment is relatively short and the reports about radiation induced changes are limited in our country. We evaluated the radiation-induced changes in cervico-vaginal smears of 107 uterine cervical cancer patients obtained from March, 1985 to October, 1987. Most patients had been received 5,400 Rads of external radiation and intracavitary radiation. Patient's age ranged from 30 to 67 years old. Of 107 cases, 24 cases were normal, 72 cases showed benign radiation changes, 7 cases revealed radiation dysplasia, and residual and recurrent carcinomas found in one and 3 cases, respectively. Cytoplasmic and nuclear enlargement were the most common and noted in 57 and 38 cases, respectively. Vacuolization and polychromasia of the cytoplasm were identified in 43 and 30 cases, respectively. The most common histiocytic change was multinucleation, which was found in about one third. The radiation changes of the cytoplasm and nuclear enlargement persisted for a long time after completion of radiation, however, nuclear degeneration and multinucleation gradually disappeared after 6 months. The inflammation in background prolonged for a long time but degeneration disappeared after 6 months. The biologic significance of post-radiation dysplasia could not evaluated because of short follow up period.

Nowday, ionizing radiation is one of the methods eradicating the uterine cervical malignancy. However radiation alone or in combination with surgery have an effect on normal tissue as well as the malignant cells, and their changes have been well described in other countries. Unfortunately, the history of radiation modality for cancer treatment is relatively short and the reports about radiation induced changes are limited in our country. We evaluated the radiation-induced changes in cervico-vaginal smears of 107 uterine cervical cancer patients obtained from March, 1985 to October, 1987. Most patients had been received 5,400 Rads of external radiation and intracavitary radiation. Patient's age ranged from 30 to 67 years old. Of 107 cases, 24 cases were normal, 72 cases showed benign radiation changes, 7 cases revealed radiation dysplasia, and residual and recurrent carcinomas found in one and 3 cases, respectively. Cytoplasmic and nuclear enlargement were the most common and noted in 57 and 38 cases, respectively. Vacuolization and polychromasia of the cytoplasm were identified in 43 and 30 cases, respectively. The most common histiocytic change was multinucleation, which was found in about one third. The radiation changes of the cytoplasm and nuclear enlargement persisted for a long time after completion of radiation, however, nuclear degeneration and multinucleation gradually disappeared after 6 months. The inflammation in background prolonged for a long time but degeneration disappeared after 6 months. The biologic significance of post-radiation dysplasia could not evaluated because of short follow up period.

The purpose of the study was to develop a Web site for the middle-aged women and test the usability of the site. Users' need for information were identified via online survey of 189 middle-aged women. It was found that they had various health problems but very few did any health prevention or health promotion activities. A web site for the middle-aged women was developed based on the result of needs assessment. The site includes content on exercise, diet including weight control, osteoporosis, climacteric, aging, breast and cervical cancer. Besides this health information, FAQ on women's health, my health knowledge test, statistics, link to related institutes and web sites, newspaper articles/mass media clips, journal articles, conferences, papers and other educational information were added. The site was developed as a subsystem of the Healthguide(http://healthguide.kihasa.re.kr). As a way of utilizing the homepage, twenty two women aged 40-50 were recruited at a community-based gathering and health promotion education program was conducted. To test the effectiveness of the education, knowledge, attitude and behavior changes of before and after education were compared. There were significant differences of knowledge and behavior in breast cancer, cervical cancer, osteoporosis, menopause and sexual life. It is expected that Web-based women's health information will contribute to women's health promotion and provide an effective learning media for health education.
Academies and Institutes ; Aging ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Climacteric ; Congresses as Topic ; Diet ; Education ; Female ; Health Education ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Learning ; Menopause ; Middle Aged* ; Needs Assessment ; Periodicals ; Osteoporosis ; Program Development ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Women's Health

One hundred eighty-six cases of ovarian common "epithelial" tumor including 28 endometriosis were reviewed, from the pathology file of the department of pathology of the National Medical Center during a period of 8 years and 6 months from January 1976 to June 1984. The study consisted of 14 cases(77.4%) of benign tumor including 28 cases of ovarian endometriosis, and 21 cases(11.3%) of borderline malignancy and 21 cases(11.3%) of invasive malignant tumors. Among benign common "epithelial" tumors, mucinous cystadenoma(69 cases) was the most frequent tumor, followed by serous cystadenoma (42 cases) and Brenner tumor (5 cases). Of borderline tumor, borderline mucinous tumor (18 cases) was more frequent than serous tumor (3 cases). Serous cystadenocarcinoma(9 cases) was the most frequent malignant tumor, followed by mucinous cystadenocarcinoma(6 cases), endometrioid carcinoma(3 cases) and undifferentiated carcinoma(3 cases). Most ovarian common "epithelial" tumors were prevalent during the reproductive age, but malignant tumors were more prevalent after the age of 40. Although right side was more frequently found (85 vs. 67) there is no significant site predilection. Bilaterality was the most common in undifferentiated carcinoma(66.7%), followed by serous cystadenocarcinoma(44.4%) and Brenner tumor(40%). The size of tumor tended to be larger in malignant tumor than benign. Mucinous tumor were usually larger than serous tumor. There were 7 intrauterine and 1 ectopic tubal prognancy which were associated with ovarian common "epithelial" tumors. Three cases of tumors were excised during Cesarian section. In summary these findings are comparable to other reports in Korea and English literatures. Histologic analysis of borderline and malignant epithelial tumor was done to emphasize their biologic behavor. Further study is required to compare their histological grading and clinical staging with thier survival rate.