No abstract available.
Keratosis, Seborrheic ; Skin Diseases ; Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous

No abstract available.
Blood Coagulation Factors* ; Fibrinogen*

No abstract available.
Blood Coagulation Factors* ; Fibrinogen*

No abstract available.
Plasma Exchange* ; Plasma*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

Therapeutic plasma exchange is used in almost every condition in which there is a plasma factor thought possibly to the etiology or pathogenesis of a disease or one of its manifestations. In order to evaluate plasma exchange using fresh frozen plasma as replacement solution, eighty four therapeutic plasma exchanges were carried out in eighteen patients. In standardized procedures, 1.5 times the calculated plasma volume was replaced with a Hartman's solution and fresh frozen plasma. Anticoagulation was achieved using a whole venous blood to 2.5% trisodium citrate in the ratio of 10 to 1. Total calcium, phosphorus, glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, creatine kinase, IgG, C3, total white and red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and differential count were not significantly affected by the procedure. In contrast, serum cholesterol, total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, ionized calcium, IgM, C4 and platelet were significantly decreased by the plasma exchange. All these measurements had returned to the first pre-exchange level within 24 hours, while the C4 and platelet count took between 24 and 72 hours, and the IgM level, between 72 hours and 1 week. These data indicated that in an isovolemic plasma exchange there was a transient but rapidly reversible effect on all the components studied, with C4 and platelet count, returning more slowly to pre-exchange level than the others, and IgM levels responding the slowest. In summary, plasma exchanges using fresh frozen plasma as replacement solution were assumed to be not significantly affected the function of various organs.
Alanine Transaminase ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Amylases ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Bilirubin ; Blood Platelets ; Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Citric Acid ; Creatine Kinase ; Creatinine ; Erythrocyte Count ; Glucose ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus ; Plasma Exchange* ; Plasma Volume ; Plasma* ; Platelet Count ; Urea

BACKGROUND: The fast EMS helicopter was introduced to Korea in 1996 and from Dec. 1. 1997, it was used far transporting emergent patients. Authors, here upon, report the transporting experiences. METHODS: From Dec. 1, 1996 to Dec. 31,1997, Samsung Medical Centers EMS helicopter was used for air evacuation of critically ill patients. The patients data prospectively analyzed. RESULT: A total of 65 patients were transported. Male to female ratio was 1.95 : 1. The mean transport time was 64.1min(10-160 min). Majority of the evacuated patients was surgical patients (General Surgery'16, Orthopedic surgery : 10, Neurosurgery : 6, Infernal medicine 13, Pediatrics : 3, and others : 3). Twenty-one of the 65 patients transported were admitted to ICU and 31 did not require ICU care. During the air evacuation, one physician and one nurse trained for air evacuation amended The patients. No medical problems or deaths developed during the air evacuation period. CONCLUSION: The first EMS helicopter was introduced to Korea in 1996. From Dec. 1, 1996 to Dec. 31, 1997, Samsung Medical Center's EMS helicopter was used for air evacuation of critically ill patients. The patients data reported.
Aircraft* ; Critical Illness ; Emergencies* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Neurosurgery ; Orthopedics ; Pediatrics ; Prospective Studies

No abstract available.
Blood Platelets*

BACKGROUND: Tetracaine has been the most commonly used long-acting spinal anesthetic agent. Recently, hyperbaric bupivacaine was introduced to be useful agent, and has been reported to produce the better quality of anesthesia. The aim of the present investigation was to compare the anesthetic effects of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 0.5% hyperbaric tetracaine spinal anesthesia. METHODS: 40 ASA Class I patients undergoing lower extremity operation were randomly distributed to two groups. Group A (n=20) received 15mg, 0.5% bupivacaine in 8% glucose, while Group B (n=20) received 15mg, 0.5% tetracaine in 10% glucose in the lateral decubitus position (L3,4 interspace). We evaluated the sensory and motor blockade, cardiovascular effects and the incidence of tourniquet pain. RESULTS: The mean maximum cephalad spread of analgesia was higher in bupivacaine group (T5) than in tetracaine group (T6) and the spread time was more rapid in bupivacaine group (13.1 +/- 3.3min.) than in tetracaine group (15.8 +/- 4.3min.), but there were no statistical significances. Tetracaine group was earlier onset of motor block and the duration of complete motor block in tetracaine group was significantly longer than in bupivacaine group. The mean decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 10% to 25% in both groups and more marked in tetracaine group. The incidence of tourniquet pain was greater in tetracaine group than in bupivacaine group. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of anesthesia obtained with bupivacaine may be superior to that produced by tetracaine. We concluded that 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine was suitable for short orthopedic or lower abdominal surgery because of less incidence of hypotension, shorter duration of motor block and lower incidence of tourniquet pain.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Anesthetics ; Blood Pressure ; Bupivacaine ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Orthopedics ; Tetracaine* ; Tourniquets