PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a structured preoperative PCA education to that of the usual informal teaching provided by hospital staff in alleviating postoperative pain through more effective use of PCA therapy. METHOD: As an advanced research, the knowledge about the use of PCA therapy and the attitude about the use of the pain medicine were estimated, and then as a later research, the knowledge about the use of PCA therapy, the attitude about the use of the pain medicine, and the score of the pain were estimated. RESULT: The experimental group those who received structured preoperative PCA education had statistically significant higher knowledge regarding the use of PCA therapy(p=0.026) and more positive attitudes toward using pain medicine(p=0.004). The experimental group those who received structured preoperative PCA education reported better pain control 4(p= 0.002), 8(p=0.014) and 24 hours(p=0.018) after the operation. CONCLUSION: The structured preoperative PCA education increases the knowledge for the use of patient's PCA therapy and changes their attitude toward the use of the pain medicine positively and consequently enable the use of PCA therapy to be more effective and then finally reduced the patient's pain after the operation.
Education* ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis* ; Patient Education as Topic

When a soft tissue mass in the bony wall of the paranasal sinus is present, it is difficult to make a distinction between tumor and inflammatory mass on CT. Fungal sinusitis may have soft tissue attenuation on the bony wall of the sinus, bony sclerosis, focal bony destruction, and calcific area on CT. This is a report of four proven cases of fungal sinusitis, asperogillosis in 3 cases and mucormycosis in 1 case, All 4 patients had CT and one patient had MRI, On CT, bony sclerosis and destruction were well visualized in all cases. On MRI, mycetoma in the maxillary sinus was hypointense on T1 weighted images and more hypointense on T2 weighted images. Although CT appears to be the best modality for initial examination of the patient with sinusitis, the differentiation of fungal sinusitis from tumor mass or other entity may be better accomplished with MRI.
Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Maxillary Sinus ; Mucormycosis ; Mycetoma ; Sclerosis ; Sinusitis

We report a case of neuroblastoma with multiple skin metastases as a chief complaint in a 2-month-old girl. the skin lesions were rnultiple, pea-sized, bluish, nontender, moable subcutaneous nodules on abdomen, back and scalp. Histopathology showed small round or poly gonal tumor cells which have deeply stained, basophilic, hyperchromatic nuclei with some mitoses. Th.se tumor cells showed clumping tendency which is one of early menifestations of rosette formation. Immunohistochemically positive reaction was demonstrated by anti-NSE(neuron specific enolase) antilody but negative reaction by anti-NFP (neurofilament proteiin ) antibody. She has been succesfully treated with combined chemotherapy for 10 months without relapse.
Abdomen ; Basophils ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Mitosis ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Neuroblastoma* ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; Recurrence ; Rosette Formation ; Scalp ; Skin*

BACKGROUND: Experimental data indicate that low-flow reperfusion following prolonged cardiocirculatory arrest may aggravate early cerebral microcirculatory repefusion disorders. We investigated the influence of cerebral repefusion flow change to the ischemic histopathologic damage of brain tissue after incomplete forebrain ischemia in rats. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were undergone ligation of both infernal carotid artery by microvascular clamp for 10 minutes. After release of the clamp, reperfusion was started with several different flow levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100%) of infernal carotid artery comparing to pre-clamping phase using flowmeter. After 15minutes of reperfusion, rat brains were prepared by perfusion-fixation with 3% formaldehyde. Under light microscopic examination of Hematoxylin-Eosin stained tissue slide, histopathologic damage was examined at cortex, putamen, and hippocampus regions. Categorical hisotopathologic damage scores were derived in each regions by manual counts of ischemic neurons. RESULT: The histopathologic damage scores were 0, 10. 2+/-0.5, 7.6+/-1.5, 5.9+/-1.4, 5.0+/- 2.8, 3.5+/-0.7, and 1.0+/-0.0 in control, 0, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 100% reperfusion groups, respectively(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our insults showed significant increment of brain histopathologic damage scores along with decreasing amount of cerebral reperfusion know after incomplete forebrain ischemia. We believe restoration of repefusion flow to pre-ischemic level would be a critical component in attenuation of brain ischemic damage.
Animals ; Brain ; Carotid Arteries ; Flowmeters ; Formaldehyde ; Hippocampus ; Ischemia* ; Ligation ; Models, Animal* ; Neurons ; Prosencephalon* ; Putamen ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion*

Objectives: . To determine the appropriate anatomical borders of implantation on the temporal bone in a cadaver study, and to develop a simplified surgical technique for Baha Attract implantation through a small incision along the hairline using anatomical evidence and a navigation system. Methods: . In a cadaver study, 20 human adult dry skulls were used to find flat areas of the temporal bone for Baha Attract magnet implantation. Four borders of the “optimal surgical site” were defined: Asterion line, occipitomastoid suture line, sigmoid sinus line, and digastric groove line. In three patients, we implanted the Baha Attract according to the newly developed surgical procedure and validated the feasibility of this technique with a navigation system. Results: . We identified the appropriate position of the implant on the temporal bone, suggesting a simplified surgical technique for Baha Attract with a small incision. We determined the spot of implantation, and the implants were inserted through a small surgical incision (<2.5 cm) under local anesthesia; the procedure lasted approximately 30 minutes. Conclusion . The optimal surgical site of the temporal bone is a safe and easily accessible location for implantation of the Baha Attract.

OBJECTIVE: Cadaver's sectioned images with high resolution and real color could be used as the source of realistic three-dimensional images. If the sectioned images are registered to a patient's MRIs, three-dimensional images with high resolution and real color that fit the patient, can be produced; the three-dimensional images enable realistic virtual surgery for the patient. The objective of this study was to verify the registration of a cadaver's sectioned images to a patient's head MRIs. METHODS: The sectioned images of the heads of cadaver were associated with segmented images selected at 3 mm intervals. The patient had his head MR scanned at 3 mm intervals; the MRIs were segmented. Software to register the cadaver's sectioned images to the patient's MRIs was developed. On this software, the corresponding dots were identified on both the sectioned images and the MRIs either manually or automatically using segmented images. RESULTS: The registered sectioned images corresponded to the patient's MRIs. Both manual and automatic registrations were satisfied. CONCLUSION: Further study is needed for registering sectioned images to actual patients.
Cadaver ; Head ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional

OBJECTIVE: After drawing and stacking contour of structures, which are identifed in the serially sectioned images, three-dimensional (3D) images can be made by surface reconstruction. The 3D images can be selected and rotated in a real time. The purpose of this research is to compose software of automatic surface reconstruction for making 3D images. METHODS: Contours of 55 structures in the 613 magnetic resonance images of whole body were drawn to make segmented images. We composed automatic software for stacking contours of a structure, for converting the contours into polygons, and for connecting vertices of the neighboring polygons to fill gaps between polygons with triangular surfaces. The surface reconstruction software was excuted to make 3D images of 55 structures. RESULTS: Virtual dissection software, on which 3D images could be selected and rotated, was composed. CONCLUSION: For other research, this like program can be composed for automatic surface reconstruction; several kinds of commercial software can be used for manual or automatic surface reconstruction. Investigators might choose one of the methods in consideration of their only circumstances.
Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Research Personnel

No abstract available.
Bone Marrow/pathology ; Burkitt Lymphoma/*diagnosis/genetics ; Child ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics ; Isochromosomes/*genetics ; Karyotype ; Karyotyping ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics ; Republic of Korea ; Translocation, Genetic

Glutamate Is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS. To elucidate the influence of glutamate on the noradrenergic neurotransmission in rat cortex, we examined the effects of agents that act in several steps of neurotransmission on [3H]norepinephrine ([3H])NE) release evoked by glutamate. Glutamate (1 mM) evoked significant release of [3H]NE from rat cortex slices in the absence of Mg2+in the incubation media. This effect was attenuated by cromakalime (10 nM) and lemakalime (10 nM), and the inhibitory effect of cromakalime was abolished by glipizide. Inhibitory effect of muscimol (30 uM) and baclofen (3 uM, 30 uM) was antagonized by biccuculine (3 uM), respectively. Nipecotic acid(10 uM), DABA(300 uM), and beta-alanine(100 uM) attenuated the glutamate-induced release of [3H]NE. Dihydrokinate (300 uM) PDC (100 nM) increased the glutamate-induced release of [3H]NE. Ifenprodile (10 nM) and arcaine (1 uN), blockers of polyamine site, attenuated the release of ("H)NE. The stimulatory effect of spermine was abolished by arcaine. CPA(100 nM) and CPCA(100 nM), EHNA(30 uN) and NBTI(1 uN) attenuated the release of ("H)NE. Verapamil(S uN), nitredipine(10 uN), u- conotoxin (100 nM) and flunarizine (5 uM) attenuated the release of (3H)NE. Dantrolene(30 uM), KT-362(3 uM), and ryanodine(10 nM), attenuated the glutamate-induced release of [3H]NE. Glycine (10 uM) increased the release of [3H]NE. DCQX (30 uN) attenuated the release of [3H]NE. These results suggest that glutamate-evoked release of norepinephrine can be modulated by GABAergic, adenosinergic neurotransmitters, and by various drugs which modulate ion channel activities in rat cortex.
Animals ; Baclofen ; Cerebral Cortex ; Conotoxins ; Cromakalim ; Flunarizine ; Glipizide ; Glutamic Acid ; Glycine ; Ion Channels ; Muscimol ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Norepinephrine* ; Rats* ; Spermine ; Synaptic Transmission

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an uncommon, life-threatening infection of the subcutaneous tissue and superficial fascia. The clinical course of NF is rapid and progressive, and it is often fatal despite the appropriate therapy. The prognosis of NF depends on a timely diagnosis and then proper treatment. At onset it may not be possible to clearly distinguish NF from minor soft-tissue infections. Although infection are common due to the use of steroids and immunosuppressive agents in patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), it is interesting that NF has rarely been reported with SLE. Here, we present two cases of NF with SLE.
Fasciitis, Necrotizing ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Prognosis ; Steroids ; Subcutaneous Tissue