No abstract available.
Child* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans

No abstract available.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta* ; Osteogenesis*

No abstract available.
Anal Canal* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell*

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders*

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Neurilemmoma* ; Neurofibromatosis 1

No abstract available.
Hemangioma, Cavernous*

No abstract available.
Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Drug Therapy ; Medulloblastoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive

Medulloblastoma, once a tumor with a dismal prognosis, is one of the most common primary brain tumors of childhood. As the methods of treatment have been continuously refined, the outcome has improved remarkably during the last few decades. The outcome of 78 medulloblastoma patients, which were managed from 1972 to 1992 at the Department of Neurosurgery of Seoul National University Hospital, were analyzed to calculate the 3-year and 5-year survival rates (3yS and 5yS). Of those, 52 cases which were treated after July 1982 were studied 1) to calculate the 3yS and 5yS, 2) to figure out the prognostic factors of survival, and 3) to investigate the role of adjuvant chemotherapy ('8-drugs-in-a-day' protocol: CCNU, cisplatin, vincristine, hydroxyurea, procarbazine, cytosine arabinoside, methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide). The 3yS and 5yS of the 78 patients were 57.4% and 47.3%, respectively. Of the 52 patients treated after July 1982, the 3yS and 5yS were 67.8% and 64.1%, respectively. The latest recurrence was at 56 months after surgery. All the recurrences were within the risk period of Collins' rule. Of the prognostic factors studied by univariate analysis (age, sex, Chang's classification T- and M-stages, extent of surgical removal, and chemotherapy), Chang's classification M-stage and sex were the statistically significant factors (p = 0.028 and 0.024 respectively). On multivariate analysis, only the M-stage was statistically significant (p = 0.004). Adjuvant chemotherapy had different influences in different patient groups. Only in the 'poor risk' group, did adjuvant chemotherapy have a strong tendency to better outcome (p = 0.069). Further data collection and analysis will lead to better treatment modalities and better outcome for this most common primary malignant brain tumor in childhood.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Cerebellar Neoplasms/*drug therapy/mortality/radiotherapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Medulloblastoma/*drug therapy/mortality/radiotherapy ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of primary chemotherapy combined with local therapy in the treatment of retinoblastomas not treatable with a single therapeutic method. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of 227 patients diagnosed with retinoblastoma. Sixty-five eyes in 52 patients had tumors not treatable with a single therapeutic method and received primary chemotherapy combined with local therapy as needed. RESULTS: Tumor control and eye salvage was achieved in 34 of the 65 eyes; the probability of ocular survival was 46.56% using the Kaplan-Meier method. Forty-three of the 65 eyes were group D or E tumors, in which tumor control and eye salvage was achieved in 16 eyes. Twenty eyes were treated with chemotherapy only, while 28 eyes received one additional modality of local therapy, and 17 eyes received two modalities of local therapy. Of the eyes treated with chemotherapy only, tumor control was achieved in 5 eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Primary chemotherapy combined with local therapy can be effective and safe in the treatment of retinoblastomas otherwise untreatable with other therapeutic methods, such as group D and E retinoblastomas. More vigorous treatment with more local therapeutic methods combined may yield even better results.
Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Child, Preschool ; Cryotherapy/*methods ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced/*methods ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Laser Coagulation/*methods ; Male ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Retinal Neoplasms/diagnosis/physiopathology/*therapy ; Retinoblastoma/diagnosis/physiopathology/*therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome ; *Visual Acuity