There are much evidences to indicate that muscles and its tendon are inserted during the reperfusion phase of ischemia-reperfusion insults. However, until now the alterations of neurotransmitter induced by ischemia- reperfusion have not been examined in peripheral nervous system. This study reports the alterations of calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) and substance P(SP) in the hindlimb ischemic model by immunohistochemical methods. In the control group, the CGRP and SP immunoreactivity was observed in nerve terminals of gastrocnemius muscle and its tendon. In the dorsal root ganglia, CGRP immunoreactivity was shown in the large A cell and small B cell. On the other hand, SP immunoreactvity was predominantly detected in small B cells. The CGRP immunoreactivity in the gastrocnemius muscle increased significantly in 2 hour ischemic group, but decreased in its tendon. The SP immunoreactivity, however, was declined in the gastrocnemius muscle as well as its tendon in 2 hour ischemic group. The CGRP immunoreactivity in the dorsal root ganglia was significantly decreased, particularly in large A cell, compared to the control group. The SP immunoreactivity in the dorsal root ganglia, on the other hand, was markedly increased. In conclusion, these results suggest that the ischemia may evoke the alteration of neurotransmitter expressions as well as the muscle degeneration, and that the changes of neuropeptide distribution induced by ischemia show the difference from the kind of neuropeptides.
Animals ; B-Lymphocytes ; Calcitonin ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; Ganglia, Spinal* ; Hand ; Hindlimb ; Ischemia* ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Muscles ; Neuropeptides* ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Peripheral Nervous System ; Rats* ; Reperfusion ; Spinal Nerve Roots* ; Substance P ; Tendons

The 447 cases of skin tumors were studied at the departments of dermatology and surgical pathology, National Medical Center in Seoul during the period of 18 years and 8 months from January, 1959 to August, 1977. The results were as follows: 1) the total number of specimens surveyed in the study was 447, among which benign tumors accoungted for 234 cases and malignant tumors for 213. 2) Male to female ratio for benign tumors was 1.2:1 and for malignant tumors 2.2:1. 3) Among the 234 cases of benign tumors, 67 cases were epidermal cyst. 53 cases of hemangioma and 34 cases of pigmented neni. 4) Among the 2 cases of malignant melanoma. 5) The peak age incidence for benign tumors were below the 2nd decade, The peak ago incidence for malignant tumors were 50th decade. 6) the sites of predilection of the epidermal cysts were trunk, face and neck. The sites of predilection of the hemangiomas and pigmented nevi were face. 7) The sites of peredilection of the squamaous cell carcinomas were penis(27.1%), lower extremities(25.7%) and face(21.5%) The sites of predilection of the basal cell carcinomas were face(83.3%) 8) The ratio of squamous cell carcinoma ws basal cell careinoma was 4:1. 9) The accuracy of clinical dianosis were 42.7% for benign tumors and 79.3% for malignant tumors.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Dermatology ; Epidermal Cyst ; Female ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Melanoma ; Neck ; Nevus, Pigmented ; Pathology, Surgical ; Seoul ; Skin*

Ultrasonographic and radiographic findings in 72 cases of pelvic masses which have been provedhistopathologically were analyzed. The results were as follows; 1. Among 72 cases, 28 cases were uterine massesand 44 cases were adnexal masses. 2. Pathologic accuracies of ultrasonographic diagnosis were 64.3% in uterinemasses, 70.5% in adnexal masses, and 68.1% in all pelvic masses. 3. Plain or IVP findings were not specific indiagnosis and showed secondary mass effects or functional disturbances. 4. Because of its high accuracy ofpathologic diagnosis and safety, ultrasonography can be regared as the most valuable and preferential study. Butin cases of cystic myomas, endometrioses, cystic missed abortions and huge masses, the accurate diagnoses weredifficult.
Abortion, Missed ; Diagnosis ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Myoma ; Pregnancy ; Ultrasonography

We described the clinical manifestation of herpes zoster in thirteen children with underlying malignancies. Among the associated malignancies, hematologic malignancy including acute lymphotytic leukemia was the commonest and CNS tumors were also frequently associated. Pain was mild, and some showed high fever and abnormal liver function test results. Recurrent attacks were observed in 3 cases(23%). Thoracic segment and trigeminal nerve were commonly affected. In most cases, herpes zoster developed within two years after the diagnosis of the malignancy.
Child* ; Diagnosis ; Fever ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Herpes Zoster* ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Liver Function Tests ; Trigeminal Nerve

This study was carried out to examine the effect of early excision and graft for the preservation of the maximal function on the dorsal hand with deep second degree and third degree flame burns. From December 1996 to October 1998, 11 flame burn patients admitted to our hospital burn unit. Nine patients had injured burns less than 20% Total Burn Surface Area, and 2 patients were 70% Total Burn Surface Area(mean 18.4%). We had performed the excision 3-8 days(mean 4.6 days) after burn injury. Ten (90.9%) of eleven patients survived, and 1 patient (Total Burn Surface Area 70%) died of sepsis after early excision. The duration of immobilization was 8-17 days (mean 11.5 days). Twelve months later, the range of motion in all patients has been continued to maintain nearly normal range of motion. We conclude that early excision and grafting was recommended as the preferred form of treatment in patients with deep second degree and third degree on the extensive flame burns of dorsal hand.
Burn Units ; Burns* ; Hand* ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Reference Values ; Sepsis ; Transplants*

BACKGROUND: Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has been used to measure iron accumulation in the deep nuclei of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This study examined the relationship between non-motor symptoms (NMSs) and iron accumulation in the deep nuclei of patients with PD. METHODS: The QSM data were acquired from 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 29 patients with early PD and 19 normal controls. The Korean version of the NMS scale (K-NMSS) was used for evaluation of NMSs in patients. The patients were divided into high NMS and low NMS groups. The region-of-interest analyses were performed in the following deep nuclei: red nucleus, substantia nigra pars compacta, substantia nigra pars reticulata, dentate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen, and head of the caudate nucleus. RESULTS: Thirteen patients had high NMS scores (total K-NMSS score, mean = 32.1), and 16 had low NMS scores (10.6). The QSM values in the deep were not different among the patients with high NMS scores, low NMS scores, and controls. The QSM values were not correlated linearly with K-NMSS total score after adjusting the age at acquisition of brain MRI. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that the NMS burdens are not associated with iron accumulation in the deep nuclei of patients with PD. These results suggest that future neuroimaging studies on the pathology of NMSs in PD should use more specific and detailed clinical tools and recruit PD patients with severe NMSs.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Caudate Nucleus ; Cerebellar Nuclei ; Globus Pallidus ; Head ; Humans ; Iron* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neuroimaging ; Parkinson Disease* ; Pars Compacta ; Pars Reticulata ; Pathology ; Putamen ; Red Nucleus

No abstract available.
Cicatrix* ; Contracture*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether in vitro proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is useful for distinguishing between abdominal types of fluids. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty fluid samples that were obtained from patients who were undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic percutaneous drainage of abdominal fluids were examined in this study. According to their gross appearance and smell, each sample was classified as either purulent fluid (n=12) or non-purulent fluid (n=18). The non-purulent fluids were subdivided into hemorrhagic fluid (n=2), serosanguinous fluid with debris (n=2), and serosanguinous fluid without debris (n=14). In addition, according to the cytologic analysis, each sample was classified as either benign fluid (n=23) or malignant fluid (n=7). A set of humoral pathological examinations that included biochemical analysis and culture of the fluid were performed for all the fluid samples. In vitro 1H MRS was performed by using a 1.5T MR system and a birdcage head coil. MR spectra were obtained by using point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) (TR/TE=2000/30 msec) with water suppression. The MR spectra were analyzed on the basis of agreement between a radiologist and a physicist who worked in consensus. RESULTS: The MR spectra obtained from 30 samples could be classified into 8 different patterns, according to the presence of lipid (0.9/1.3 ppm), lactate (1.3 ppm), acetate (1.9 ppm), and succinate (2.4 ppm) peaks. The MR spectral patterns of the purulent fluids (n=12) were classified as follows: pattern-1 (n=7, 58%), pattern-2 (n=2, 17%), pattern-3 (n=1, 8%), pattern-6 (n=1, 8%) and pattern-8 (n=1, 8%). The MR spectral patterns of the non-purulent fluids (n=18) were classified as follows: pattern-4 (n=1, 6%), pattern-5 (n=5, 28%), pattern-6 (n=1, 6%), pattern-7 (n=3, 17%) and pattern-8 (n=8, 44%). The MR spectral patterns of the purulent fluids were significantly different from those of the non-purulent fluids (p < .05). The MR spectral patterns of benign fluids (n=23) were classified as follows: pattern-1 (n=7, 30%), pattern-2 (n=2, 9%), pattern-3 (n=1, 4%), pattern-4 (n=1, 4%), pattern-5 (n=3, 13%), pattern-6 (n=2, 9%), pattern-7 (n=1, 4%) and pattern-8 (n=6, 26%). The MR spectral patterns of malignant fluids (n=7) were classified as follows: pattern-5 (n=2, 29%), pattern-7 (n=2, 29%) and pattern-8 (n=3, 43%). No significant difference was found between the spectral patterns of the benign and malignant fluids (p= .300). CONCLUSION: In vitro 1H MRS could be useful for differentiating between purulent fluid and non-purulent fluid.
Abscess ; Body Fluids* ; Consensus ; Drainage ; Head ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy* ; Protons* ; Smell ; Spectrum Analysis ; Succinic Acid ; Water

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we investigated the biodegradation features of 4 perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) alternatives developed at Changwon National University compared to those of PFOS. METHODS: Biodegradation testing was performed with microorganisms cultured in the good laboratory practice laboratory of the Korea Environment Corporation for 28 days following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines for the testing of chemicals (Test No. 301 C). RESULTS: While C₈F₁₇SO₃Na, PFOS sodium salt was not degraded after 28 days, the 4 alternatives were biodegraded at the rates of 20.9% for C₁₅F₉H₂₁S₂O₈Na₂, 8.4% for C₁₇F₉H ₂₅S₂O₈Na₂, 22.6% for C₂₃F₁₈H₂₈S₂O₈Na₂, and 23.6% for C₂₅F₁₇H₃₂O₁₃S₃Na₃. CONCLUSIONS: C₂₅F₁₇H₃₂S₃O₁₃Na₃, C₂₃F₁₈H₂₈S₂O₈Na₂, and C₁₅F₉H₂₁S₂O₈Na₂ were superior to PFOS in terms of biodegradation rates and surface tension, and thus they were considered highly applicable as PFOS alternatives. Environmental toxicity, human toxicity, and economic feasibility of these compounds should be investigated prior to their commercialization.
Gyeongsangnam-do ; Humans ; Korea ; Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development ; Sodium ; Surface Tension

A Mucocele-like tumor (MLT) of the breast is a rare lesion and is pathologically characterized by mucin-filled cysts and extravasated mucin present in the adjacent stroma. Since the first report of an MLT of the breast by Rosen in 1986, an MLT has been considered as part of a diverse spectrum of pathological lesions including benign tumors, atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and mucinous carcinomas. We described a case of an MLT of the breast associated with DCIS and a mucinous carcinoma in a 46-year-old female patient who was treated with a left modified radical mastectomy and a sentinel lymph node biopsy. This case supports the concept of a spectrum of pathological lesions for an MLT, including benign lesions, columnar hyperplasia, ADH, DCIS and mucinous carcinomas.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Breast ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Middle Aged ; Mucins ; Nitriles ; Pyrethrins ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy