No abstract available.
Diaphragm* ; Rupture*

PURPOSE: To determine the enhancing patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and the difference of enhancing patterns according to the tumor size, using spiral CT. MATERIALS & METHODS: We reviewed 213 lesions in 76patients who had been clinically or histopathologically diagnosed as HCC sufferer. The tumors were divided into three groups, according to size(&3 cm, 3-5cm and >5 cm). The enhancing patterns of tumor and capsule in the earlyand delayed phase were analysed. The enhancing patterns of the tumor were divided into five types(high, peripheralhigh, mixed, iso and low attenuation) in the early phase and four types(central high, mixed, iso, and low attenuation) in the delayed phase. The enhancing patterns of the capsule were divided into three types such asiso, low and high attenuation. RESULTS: High attenuating lesions in the early phase were as follows : below 3cm 72% ; 3-5cm., 60% ; above 5cm., 49%. Mixed attenuating lesions in the early phase were as follows : below 3cm., 1%; 3-5cm., 22% ; above 5cm., 36%. Thus, most HCCs were high attenuation type in the early phase, but as the tumorbecame larger, less high attenuation and more mixed attenuation was demonstrated(p<0.01). There was no difference of enhancing patterns according to the tumor size in peripheral high, iso and low-attenuating lesions. In the delayed phase most of the hepatomas appeared as totally hypodense lesions. For capsules, the results were as follows : below 3cm., 20% ; 3-5cm.,58% ; above 5cm., 73%. As the tumors became larger, more capsules were demonstrated(p <0.01). The capsules were visualized as iso or low attenuating rim in the early phase and high attenuating rim in the delayed phase. CONCLUSIONS: To determine the enhancing patterns of HCC using spiral CT is considered to be helpful in the diagnosis of HCC.
Capsules ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Diagnosis ; Tomography, Spiral Computed*

Mesenteric lymphangioma was first recognized when an autopsy case was recorded in 1507 by Benevieni. It has been known clinically rare disease and probably a congenital developmental abnormality due to failure of drainage of peripheral primary lymphatic spaces. We experienced a case of abnormal rotation in intestine by mesenteric lymphangioma in a 8 years old male who showed vomiting and abdominal pain. A brief review of related literatures is also presented.
Abdominal Pain ; Autopsy ; Child ; Drainage ; Humans ; Intestines ; Lymphangioma* ; Male ; Rare Diseases ; Vomiting

Endometriosis is generally confined to the pelvic viscera and the peritoneum, but it can proliferate in other areas like pleura, skin, extremities, lung, gallbladder, stomach, kidney and surgical scar. Scar endometriosis usually occurs in the surgical scar of previous cesarean sections, hysterotomy and episiotomy. The occurrence of endometrioma in cesarean scar is an infrequent event, usually presenting as a tender abdominal wall mass. We report two cases of abdominal wall endometrioma after cesarean section, which is presented with a brief review of the literature.
Abdominal Wall ; Cesarean Section* ; Cicatrix* ; Endometriosis* ; Episiotomy ; Extremities ; Female ; Gallbladder ; Hysterotomy ; Kidney ; Lung ; Peritoneum ; Pleura ; Pregnancy ; Skin ; Stomach ; Subcutaneous Tissue* ; Viscera

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of midazolam premedication administered by a jet-injector in pediatric patients. METHODS: Children undergoing outpatient surgery were randomized into three groups: intravenous induction with thiopental sodium (control group, n = 20), oral midazolam premedication (PO-med group, n = 20) or midazolam premedication using a jet-injector (Jet-med group, n = 20). In the PO-med and Jet-med group patients, anesthetic induction was performed by sevoflurane inhalation and an intravenous catheter (IVC) was inserted after the children had been anesthetized by sevoflurane inhalation. For the control group patients, an IVC was placed in the preoperative holding area. Agitation scores were recorded in the preoperative holding area and recovery room. Anesthesia times and the views of the medical staff concerning the technique benefits were also noted. Patients and parents were interviewed on the following day. RESULTS: Maximum agitation scores in the preoperative holding area and during separation with parents were significantly lower in the PO-med and Jet-med groups. The induction time was significantly longer in the PO-med and Jet-med groups. No statistically significant differences were found for the recovery characteristics. Though interviews with patients and parents produced similar results for patients in each group, the medical staff satisfaction levels were significantly higher for patients in the PO-med and Jet-med groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that the application of the jet-injector for midazolam premedication may be clinically useful in children who do not have an IVC. The use of the jet-injector could be a substitute for the oral route for midazolam administration.
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures ; Anesthesia ; Catheters ; Child ; Dihydroergotamine ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Medical Staff ; Midazolam ; Parents ; Preanesthetic Medication ; Premedication* ; Recovery Room ; Thiopental

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the intake of semi-solid yogurt and periodontitis in Korean adults using a national database. METHODS: The data analyzed in this study are a subset of the sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2015 by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The sample size for this study was 4,727. We collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, oral health-related variables, oral and general health status, and intake of semi-solid yogurt. Semi-solid yogurt intake (YI) was calculated by multiplying the frequency of YI over the previous week by the average intake per serving. We assessed periodontal conditions using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and defined periodontitis as a CPI score ≥3. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, and oral and general health behaviors and status. RESULTS: The mean weekly YI among those without periodontitis (1.03±0.06 cups) was significantly higher than among those with periodontitis (0.77±0.08 cups) (P<0.001). Individuals who consumed more than 2 cups of yogurt per day were 76% less likely to have periodontitis than those who consumed less than 1 cup of yogurt per week after adjusting for all covariates (odds ratio, 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.10–0.60). CONCLUSIONS: We found a significant association between increased intake of semi-solid yogurt and periodontal health. We therefore recommend daily consumption of semi-solid yogurt as a probiotic to improve periodontal health. Further longitudinal studies are required to elucidate plausible mechanisms through which probiotics impact periodontal disease, considering both periodontal pathogens and clinical periodontal parameters.
Adult ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Longitudinal Studies ; Nutrition Surveys ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontal Index ; Periodontitis ; Probiotics ; Sample Size ; Yogurt

Jejunal diverticula is a rare disease and an unusual cause of obscure gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Obscure gasterointestinal bleeding is difficult to treat because the bleeding site cannot be identified by routine endoscopy and contrast studies. A wireless capsule endoscopy is not invasive and can visualize the entire small bowel. However, this method has limitations of incapability of taking biopsies and performing endoscopic interventions such as polypectomy or stent insertion. The double-balloon enteroscopy is being used frequently for the diagnosis and management of various small bowel diseases. We report a case of proximal jejunal diverticular bleeding diagnosed by double-balloon enteroscopy and treated with angiographic embolization.
Colonoscopy/*methods ; Diagnosis, Differential ; *Diverticulum ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Jejunal Diseases/*pathology ; Middle Aged

Gangliocytic paragangliomas (GPs) are rare tumors of the duodenum, presenting as single sessile or pedunculated polypoid masses. Clinical manifestations of duodenal GPs can vary from an incidental finding at endoscopy to frequent upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by mucosal ulceration and abdominal pain. GPs are considered benign, but the disease can recur and spread to regional lymph nodes. A 41-year-old female presented with abdominal pain. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a subepithelial tumor of the ampulla of Vater in the second portion of the duodenum. The tumor was resected using the endoscopic mucosal resection technique. The tumor was diagnosed as benign GP of the duodenum using histological and immunohistochemical staining procedures.
Adult ; Ampulla of Vater/chemistry/*pathology/surgery ; Biopsy ; Duodenal Neoplasms/chemistry/*pathology/surgery ; Duodenoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Paraganglioma/chemistry/*pathology/surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Tumor Markers, Biological/analysis

In recent decades, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles have been used in various applications, including paints, coatings, and food. However, data are lacking on the toxicological aspects associated with their use. The aim of this study was to assess the inhalation toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles in rats by using inhalation exposure. Male Wistar rats were exposed to TiO2 nanoparticles for 2 weeks (6 hr/day, 5 days/week) at a mean mass concentration of 11.39 +/- 0.31 mg/m3. We performed time-course necropsies at 1, 7, and 15 days after exposure. Lung inflammation and injury were assessed on the basis of the total and individual cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and by biochemical assays, including an assay for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Furthermore, histopathological examination was performed to investigate the lungs and nasal cavity of rats. There were no statistically significant changes in the number of BALF cells, results of biochemical assays of BALF and serum, and results of cytokine analysis. However, we did observe histopathological changes in the nasal cavity tissue. Lesions were observed at post-exposure days 1 and 7, which resolved at post-exposure day 15. We also calculated the actual amounts of TiO2 nanoparticles inhaled by the rats. The results showed that the degree of toxicity induced by TiO2 nanoparticles correlated with the delivered quantities. In particular, exposure to small particles with a size of approximately 20 nm resulted in toxicity, even if the total particle number was relatively low.
Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Cell Count ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Inhalation Exposure ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Lung ; Male ; Nanoparticles ; Nasal Cavity ; Paint ; Pneumonia ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Titanium

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The recently published Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) proposed a split system for histological grading, based on prognostic pathological features. This new classification system must be validated in a variety of cohorts. We investigated whether these pathological features were applicable to an adult Korean population. METHODS: In total, 69 adult Korean patients with IgAN were analyzed using the Oxford classification system at Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. All cases were categorized according to Lee's classification. Renal biopsies from all patients were scored by a pathologist who was blinded to the clinical data for pathological variables. Inclusion criteria were age greater than 18 years and at least 36 months of follow-up. We excluded cases with secondary IgAN, diabetic nephropathy combined other glomerulopathies, less than 36 months of follow-up, and those that progressed rapidly. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 34 years (range, 27 to 45). Mean arterial blood pressure was 97 +/- 10 mmHg at the time of biopsy. The median follow-up period was 85 months (range, 60 to 114). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significant prognostic predictions for M, E, and T lesions. A Cox proportional hazard regression analysis also revealed prognostic predictions for E and T lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Using the Oxford classification in IgAN, E, and T lesions predicted renal outcome in Korean adults after taking clinical variables into account.
Adult ; *Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biopsy ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Fish Oils/therapeutic use ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA/classification/*diagnosis/ethnology/pathology/therapy ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Kidney/*pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Reproducibility of Results ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Time Factors