No abstract available.
Vesicovaginal Fistula*

PURPOSE: Tethered cord syndrome(TCS) is defined as low position of the conus medullaris by the abnormally fixed spinal cord with progressive neurologic deficit MATERIALS AND METHODS: To evaluate the findings of TCS at MRI and its diagnostic value, we performed a retrospective analysis of MRI of 30 patients with emphasis on clinical manifestation, level of conus medullaris, cause of tethering, and associated findings. RESULTS: Clinical presentation included back mass(26 cases), neurogenic bladder(5 cases), urinary incontinence(5 cases), progressive constipation(2 cases), skin dimpling(1 case), gait disturbance(1 case) and club foot (1 case). Neurologic deficit was developed in 11 cases(40% and mean age of these patients at the time of diagnosis was 8.6 years. The most common cause of tethering was lipoma(63%). The tips of conus medullaris were below the level of the second lumbar spine in all patients. The causes of tethering were lipomatous component(spinal lipoma and lipomyelomenigocele) in 67% myelomeningocele in 20%, presacral mass in 7%, thickened filum terminale in 3% and postoperative change in 3%. Associated anomalies included syringomyelia(20%) and hydrocephalus was associated in 3 out of 5 patients who underwent brain MRI. CONCLUSION: MRI clearly delineated the location of conus, tethering of the filum terminale with their causes and associated abnormalities. MRI examination is a very useful diagnostic tool for the early evaluation of TCS and the postoperative follow up.
Brain ; Cauda Equina ; Conus Snail ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Gait ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Lipoma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningomyelocele ; Neural Tube Defects* ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Spinal Cord ; Spine

PURPOSE: To determine the enhancing patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and the difference of enhancing patterns according to the tumor size, using spiral CT. MATERIALS & METHODS: We reviewed 213 lesions in 76patients who had been clinically or histopathologically diagnosed as HCC sufferer. The tumors were divided into three groups, according to size(&3 cm, 3-5cm and >5 cm). The enhancing patterns of tumor and capsule in the earlyand delayed phase were analysed. The enhancing patterns of the tumor were divided into five types(high, peripheralhigh, mixed, iso and low attenuation) in the early phase and four types(central high, mixed, iso, and low attenuation) in the delayed phase. The enhancing patterns of the capsule were divided into three types such asiso, low and high attenuation. RESULTS: High attenuating lesions in the early phase were as follows : below 3cm 72% ; 3-5cm., 60% ; above 5cm., 49%. Mixed attenuating lesions in the early phase were as follows : below 3cm., 1%; 3-5cm., 22% ; above 5cm., 36%. Thus, most HCCs were high attenuation type in the early phase, but as the tumorbecame larger, less high attenuation and more mixed attenuation was demonstrated(p<0.01). There was no difference of enhancing patterns according to the tumor size in peripheral high, iso and low-attenuating lesions. In the delayed phase most of the hepatomas appeared as totally hypodense lesions. For capsules, the results were as follows : below 3cm., 20% ; 3-5cm.,58% ; above 5cm., 73%. As the tumors became larger, more capsules were demonstrated(p <0.01). The capsules were visualized as iso or low attenuating rim in the early phase and high attenuating rim in the delayed phase. CONCLUSIONS: To determine the enhancing patterns of HCC using spiral CT is considered to be helpful in the diagnosis of HCC.
Capsules ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Diagnosis ; Tomography, Spiral Computed*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the role of the CT scan in blunt hepatic injury and the significance of CT degree of hepatic injury in the decision making of treatment plan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed the CT findings of 22 patients with hepatic injury. We graded hepatic injury on CT scan into five according to the severity. Clinical records, type of management and clinical outcome of the patients were also reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 22 patients, 17 had conservative treatment and five had surgery. The numbers of patients treated conservatively were 0, 4, 11, 2 and 0 in the grade 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively and the numbers of surgically treated cases were 0, 0, 3, 2 and 0 respectively. There was no significant statistical difference between surgically and conservatively treated groups(p-value > 0.05). All patients with conservatively treated group were hemodynamically stable and had no complication during hospitalization. Hemoperitoneum was observed in 11 of 22 patients. CONCLUSION: In blunt hepatic injury, CT plays an important role in the demonstration of location and extent of the hepatic injury, size of hemoperitoneum and the post operative course. However, we believe that physiologic status of the patients may be more important than the extent of CT based hepatic injury for determining a mode of treatment.
Decision Making ; Hemoperitoneum ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Diaphragm* ; Rupture*

This study was conducted to compare the date on knowledge, attitude and motivation toward blood donation between donors and non-donors. The study population included 622 donors and 322 non-donors who visited the mobile blood donation car of Taegu Red Cross Blood Center and participated the group appointed blood donation campaign managed by the center from March 1 to March 31, 1989. The donors and non-donors were questioned above mentioned items with a formulated questionnaire. Among the general characteristics of the subjects in the study, male predominance (84.1% in donors and 73.6% in non-donors) in young age group (16-24 years) was the outstanding feature. As a medium of information about blood donation, “television” was playing a dominant role (donors; 75.2%, non-donors; 78.9%), while “magazine” played more important roles among donors. Of the donors, 70.6% and of the non-donors, 58.1 replied that they had ever been induced to donate blood (p<0.01). Major inducers were friend and personnel of mobile blood donation vehicle. On the measuring of knowledge level, the average rates of correct answer was higher in donors (62.6%) than in non-donors (54.1%) (p<0.01). Higher the education level was presented, higher the knowledge level (p<0.05). There have been noticeable difference between donors and non-donors in blood replying the questionnaire set to measure their attitude toward blood donation, especially in the items such as “impression toward blood”, “selection of transfusion blood source” and “view on the situation of blood shortage.” The major motivation toward blood donation of the groups were “possible future need” and “altruism or humanitarian interest”. The major reasons for not donation blood in both groups were “fear of the needle” and “dread to visit to mobile car or center”.
Blood Donors* ; Daegu ; Education ; Friends ; Humans ; Male ; Motivation* ; Red Cross ; Tissue Donors

This study was conducted to investigate the choline intake of Korean adults for the purpose of preparing a basal data required for the establishment of choline adequate intake (AI). The subjects of 56 Korean young adults were recruited from college students of 20 to 30 years old in Daejeon city. The aliquots of foods that the subjects ate for one day were collected with use of duplicate food collection method and choline content of one day meal directly was analyzed with the use of enzymatic method. Choline intakes of male subjects were in the range of 353.5 ~ 1222.5 mg and those of female subjects were in the range of 213.1 ~ 722.3 mg. Mean intakes of choline were 658.2 +/- 243.9 mg/day in male subjects and 423.3 +/- 133.6 mg/day in female, therefore choline intake of men was about 200mg higher than that of women. Median value in total subjects was 496 mg, male's median was 608.8 mg, female's median was 419.9 mg. When the subjects were devided into 4 groups by choline intake, as less than 75%, 75 ~ 100%, 100 ~ 125% and over 125% based on choline AI of USA (males: 550 mg, females: 425 mg), there was no significant difference between men (64.3%) and wemen (67.9%) in the distribution of the subjects whose choline intake is under the range of 75 ~ 125% AI of USA. However, 10.7% of men and 21.4% of female had choline intake less than 75% AI of USA while the cases of choline intake higher than 125% AI were 25% in male and 10.7% in female. Thus, it is assumed that female case in choline-deficient state would be two times more than male. When adjusted by body weight, choline intake was 9.5 +/- 3.4 mg/kg in men, 8.1 +/- 3.1 mg/kg in women and 8.8 +/- 3.3 mg/kg in total subjects. And choline intake per 1,000 kcal of men, women and total subjects were 277.1 +/- 78.4 mg, 275.9 +/- 62.1 mg and 276.5 +/- 70.1 mg respectively. From these results, it is suggested that these levels of 276.5 +/- 70.1 mg/ 1,000 kcal or 8.8 +/- 3.3 mg/kg B.W. can be used as a reference value for the establishment of AI of choline for Korean, because overall choline intake of these subjects was not in lower state compared to other nutrients intakes obtained from calculation of the food the subjects had taken.
Adult ; Body Weight ; Choline* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Reference Values ; Young Adult

In order to achieve a satisfactory esthetic result of periodontal surgery or implant in maxillary anterior area, periodontists must be aware of normal alveolar bone anatomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of alveolar bone morphology to tooth shape and form. 78(mean age : 25 yrs) periodontally healthy volunteers participated in this study. Two maxillary central incisor and one lateral incisor were selected to study. With minimal local anesthesia, guttapercha cone inserted to labial gingival sulcus of selected teeth just after bone sounding with periodontal probe. Metal ball (4mm diameter) attached to palatal fossa of central incisor. Then, periapical radiograph was taken according to long cone paralleling technique. After film scan, labial alveolar bone profile reproduced along interproximal bone and apical ends of gutta-percha cones on computer screen. By utilizing computer program, the distance from height of interproximal bone to the labial bone crest in central incisor-central incisor and central incisor-lateral incisor area was measured and converted to real distance by using vertical length of metal ball on film. After measuring crown length & width of central incisor, the 10 individuals ranked lowest CW/L ratio (crown width/length ratio) and the 10 ranked highest were selected as having a long-narrow(group N), or a short-wide(group W) form of the central incisors. Means of the distance from height of interproximal bone to the labial bone crest of group N, W were calculated and compared by means of independent t-test. The results were as follows: 1. Mean distance from the height of the interproximal bone to the labial bone crest was 3.5+/-0.7mm between two central incisor, and 2.8+/-0.6mm between central and lateral incisor. 2. Mean CW/L ratio of group N was 0.57, and group W was 0.8. Mean distance from the height of the interproximal bone to the labial bone crest of group N was higher than group W in both measured area(measurements of group N, W were 3.9+/-0.2mm and 3.5+/-0.2mm between two central incisor, 3.0+/-0.2mm and 2.8+/-0.2mm between central and lateral incisor), but there were no statistically significant differences when the groups were compared. Within the limits of the present study, there was a tendency that subjects with long-narrow teeth have more scalloped alveolar bone profile than subjects with short-wide teeth in upper anterior area, but no statistically significant differences were found.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: After drawing and stacking contour of structures, which are identifed in the serially sectioned images, three-dimensional (3D) images can be made by surface reconstruction. The 3D images can be selected and rotated in a real time. The purpose of this research is to compose software of automatic surface reconstruction for making 3D images. METHODS: Contours of 55 structures in the 613 magnetic resonance images of whole body were drawn to make segmented images. We composed automatic software for stacking contours of a structure, for converting the contours into polygons, and for connecting vertices of the neighboring polygons to fill gaps between polygons with triangular surfaces. The surface reconstruction software was excuted to make 3D images of 55 structures. RESULTS: Virtual dissection software, on which 3D images could be selected and rotated, was composed. CONCLUSION: For other research, this like program can be composed for automatic surface reconstruction; several kinds of commercial software can be used for manual or automatic surface reconstruction. Investigators might choose one of the methods in consideration of their only circumstances.
Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Research Personnel

OBJECTIVE: Cadaver's sectioned images with high resolution and real color could be used as the source of realistic three-dimensional images. If the sectioned images are registered to a patient's MRIs, three-dimensional images with high resolution and real color that fit the patient, can be produced; the three-dimensional images enable realistic virtual surgery for the patient. The objective of this study was to verify the registration of a cadaver's sectioned images to a patient's head MRIs. METHODS: The sectioned images of the heads of cadaver were associated with segmented images selected at 3 mm intervals. The patient had his head MR scanned at 3 mm intervals; the MRIs were segmented. Software to register the cadaver's sectioned images to the patient's MRIs was developed. On this software, the corresponding dots were identified on both the sectioned images and the MRIs either manually or automatically using segmented images. RESULTS: The registered sectioned images corresponded to the patient's MRIs. Both manual and automatic registrations were satisfied. CONCLUSION: Further study is needed for registering sectioned images to actual patients.
Cadaver ; Head ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional