The positional changes of the hyoid bone over entire growth period were studied by cephalometric method in order to determine the average position and average growth changes of the hyoid bone in koreans with normal occlusion. The materials included cephalometric radiographs obtained on twenty six males and twenty two females over the period from 8.7 years to 16.7 years of age in average. The results of this study might be summarized as follows: . The mean value and standard deviation of each measurement were obtained in each age and gender. . The hyoid bone tended to positioned forwardly in female at the age of 12.7, 14.7, and 16.7 years of age as compared with male. . The hyoid bone positioned more downwardly in male than in female.
Female ; Humans ; Hyoid Bone* ; Male

No abstract available.
Leiomyosarcoma*

No abstract available.
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma*

No abstract available.
Epidermal Cyst ; Pilomatrixoma

No abstract available.
Blood Platelets* ; Humans ; Platelet Aggregation* ; Plateletpheresis* ; Tissue Donors*

Prior to 1988, endometrial cancer was clinically staged but there was the considerable discrepancy between clinical and aetual stage. FIGO surgical staging classification of endometrial cancer(I988) provides the advanatage of recognizing the true disease distribution and extension, and more rational treatraent can be accomplished. This retrospective study was based on a clinical review of 73 patients with endometrial carcinoma from l982 through 1991 who underwent primary surgical evaluation. A11 cases were restaged ueing the newly adopted FIGO surgical staging. The distribution of FIGO clinical staging was as follows:85 patients(89.1%) were with stage I, 5(6.9%) with stage II, 2(2.7%) with stage III and 1(l.3%) with stage IV. Surgical restaging according new FlG0 classification reveald 56(76.7%) patients with stage I, 1(1.4%) with stage II, 14(19.2%) with stage III and 2(2.7%) with stage IV. Surgery upstaged 12.3% of clinical stage I patients, In clinical stage II patients, 80.0% was doenstaged. There wes no stage changing in cliaical stage III and IV patients. The acturial survival rates for surgical stages I a, I b, I c, and III were 80.0%, 77.2%, 68.4A%, and 35.0% respectively. By using FIGO surgical staging, the initial extent of endometrial cancer can be more accurately evaluated and we may predict prognosis and survival relatively well.
Classification ; Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Female ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND: Tetracaine has been the most commonly used long-acting spinal anesthetic agent. Recently, hyperbaric bupivacaine was introduced to be useful agent, and has been reported to produce the better quality of anesthesia. The aim of the present investigation was to compare the anesthetic effects of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 0.5% hyperbaric tetracaine spinal anesthesia. METHODS: 40 ASA Class I patients undergoing lower extremity operation were randomly distributed to two groups. Group A (n=20) received 15mg, 0.5% bupivacaine in 8% glucose, while Group B (n=20) received 15mg, 0.5% tetracaine in 10% glucose in the lateral decubitus position (L3,4 interspace). We evaluated the sensory and motor blockade, cardiovascular effects and the incidence of tourniquet pain. RESULTS: The mean maximum cephalad spread of analgesia was higher in bupivacaine group (T5) than in tetracaine group (T6) and the spread time was more rapid in bupivacaine group (13.1 +/- 3.3min.) than in tetracaine group (15.8 +/- 4.3min.), but there were no statistical significances. Tetracaine group was earlier onset of motor block and the duration of complete motor block in tetracaine group was significantly longer than in bupivacaine group. The mean decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 10% to 25% in both groups and more marked in tetracaine group. The incidence of tourniquet pain was greater in tetracaine group than in bupivacaine group. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of anesthesia obtained with bupivacaine may be superior to that produced by tetracaine. We concluded that 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine was suitable for short orthopedic or lower abdominal surgery because of less incidence of hypotension, shorter duration of motor block and lower incidence of tourniquet pain.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Anesthetics ; Blood Pressure ; Bupivacaine ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Orthopedics ; Tetracaine* ; Tourniquets

In order to elucidate the biological effects of pulsating magnetic field in in vitro culture system we designed a pulsating magnetic apparatus using 120 Hertz, 24 Volt direct current. It can generate 63~225 Gauss in the experimental area of 90 mm petri dish, and has little thermal effect on the culture media in 37.5oC, 5% CO2. Human osteogenic sarcoma (HOS) cells were cultured in the pulsating magnetic field and the nuclear changes of cultured cells were observed routinely by hematoxylin staining, and apoptotic change was detected by ApopTag staining using both peroxidase and fluorescein labelings. Compared to the control group which formed well organized whorling pattern of HOS cell line in 3 days culture, the HOS cells cultured in the pulsating magnetic field for 12 hours or 24 hours grew irregularly and showed increased number of apoptotic cells. When the flow of pulsating magnetic field was interrupted by insertion of strong permanent magnetic bar (1000 Gauss, 5530 mm) beneath the petri dish during in vitro culture, the area of sparse pulsating magnetic field showed active proliferation and aggregation of HOS cells even in 24 hour exposure group. These data suggest that the pulsating magnetic field may play a role in inducing growth retardation and apoptosis of HOS cells. Furthermore, the hazardous effects of pulsating magnetic field can be lessened or nullified by the interruption of pulsating magnetic field with a strong permanent magnetic bar.
Apoptosis ; Cell Line* ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Fluorescein ; Hematoxylin ; Humans* ; Magnetic Fields* ; Osteosarcoma* ; Peroxidase

No abstract available.
Pancytopenia* ; Pneumonia*

This Study was performed to investigate the effect of foods containing benzoic acid on the urinary hippuric acid concentration in the toluene exposed workers. The urinary hippuric acid concentration were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minute after intake of soft drink and bread containing benzoic .acid: in volunteers,: who did not have been exposed toluene occupationally. After that urinary hippuric: acids also were measured at the end of shift in toluene exposed workers. And also the concentration of toluene in air were analysed! by gas chromatography. So the relationships between urinary hippuric acid concentration and age, work duration, concentration of toluene in air and intake of benzoic acid containing food were observed. The results were as follows: 1. The urinary hippuric acid concentration reached the highest level at 30 minute after intake of soft drink with bread at a level of 1.41g/g creatinine and soft drink; alone at a level of 1.04g/g creatinine which contained benzoic acid among unexposed toluene, and then gradually decreased. 2. In toluene exposed group no significant effect of general; characteristics siich; as gender, age, work duration, drinking and smoking on urinary: hippuric acid concentration was showed in toluene exposed group. 3. The mean value of urinary hippuric acid concentration of group taking benzoic acid containing foods was significantly higher than that of group not taking. 4. Multiple regression analysis showed that toluene concentration in .air and benzoic acid containing foods were together significantly influence on urinary ; hippuric acid concentration. And the function between variables is Y = 0.014Tpluene +0.489Benzoic acid +0.745 and the contribution rates were 31%. In conclusion, it was suggested that the information on intake of benzoic acid containing foods should be considered in measurement of urinary hippuric acid for the more accurate toluene exposure evaluation.
Benzoic Acid* ; Bread ; Carbonated Beverages ; Chromatography, Gas ; Creatinine ; Drinking ; Occupations ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Toluene* ; Volunteers