BACKGROUND: It is well known that neuronal degeneration can occur after a brief deprivation of energy source. To investigate whether glial astrocyte can induce a phenomenon of delayed cell death after transient energy loss and to see how different are the effects of nifedipine, lidocaine, carnosine and hypothermia on delayed toxicity in astrocyte. METHODS: Human astrocytoma cells (U1242MG) were used in this study. To assess the astrocyte survival during post-ischemic period after transient histotoxic hypoxia, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5, diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test was used. Compared to MTT test, tryphan blue test was also used to demonstrate membrane damage of affected cells. Studies on intracellular calcium dynamics during ischemic and post-ischemic period were carried out with fluo-3 and flow cytometry system. RESULTS: The percentage survival of astrocyte during post-ischemic period was decreasing with time. Calcium channel blocker nifedipine, sodium and calcium channel blocker lidocaine and free radical scavenger carnosine could not prevent post-ischemic cell damage. But, hypothermia was only an effective method in ameliorating post-ischemic cell death. Intracellular calcium increase during ischemia and post-ischemia was dependent on extracellular calcium influx. CONCLUSIONS: Only hypothermia was effective in reducing astrocyte death during post-ischemia after transient energy depletion. Intracellular calcium alterations during post-ischemia was from extracellular space.
Anoxia* ; Astrocytes* ; Astrocytoma ; Calcium ; Calcium Channels ; Carnosine ; Cell Death ; Extracellular Space ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Hypothermia* ; Ischemia ; Lidocaine ; Membranes ; Neurons ; Nifedipine ; Sodium

Four cases of subungal exostosis are presented. All of them were young male and big toe was involved in 2 cases. Histological features of subungal exostosis was characteristic; the cancellous bony stalk was capped mainly fibrocartilage, although scattered areas of hyaline cartilage were also found where enchondal ossification occured. Superficial to this cartilaginous cap, there was fibrous tisse covering. When terminal phalax of a toe shows deformity of nail and skin changes due to hard mass, radiological examination is required for the proper diagnosis and treatment. Complete local excision is required but damage to the nail bed during excision should be avoided.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Diagnosis ; Exostoses ; Fibrocartilage ; Hallux ; Humans ; Hyaline Cartilage ; Male ; Skin ; Toes

No abstract available.
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Sepsis* ; Serratia marcescens* ; Serratia*

No abstract available.
Wilms Tumor*

The diagnostic importance of finding an appendicolith in the plain x-ray of the abdomen has been well documented. However, most of the papers so far published have stressed x-ray findings of the preoperative abdomenin acute appendicitis. In the present study we have attempted to correlate incidences of appendicoliths insurgical specimen and plain x-ray of the abdomen. The materials were 37 surgical specimens of the appendix removed for acute appendicits at St. Mary's Hospital, St. Paul's Hospital, Kang Nam Hospital, Holy Family Hospital and Our Lady of Mercy Hospital of Catholic Medical College during the period of 6 months from August 1980. Each surgical specimen was subjected to soft tissue radiography to detect calcified appendicolith. Then the preoperative x-raysof abdomen were retrospectroscopically analysed for the presence of radiographically demonstrable appendicoliths.Our study revealed that in as many as 32% of 37 surgical specimens one or more calcified appendicoliths were demonstrated radiographically whereas only one of these was identified as such in the preoperative x-ray film ofthe abdomen. Such a great discrepancy between the incidences of appendicoliths in the surgical specimen andpreoperative x-ray films of the abdomen are ascribed to (1) relative smallness of appendicoliths (87% of the stones measured less than 1cm in diameter in radiographs of surgical specimen in our series), (2) overlapping of these small stones on the right iliac bone and (3) underpenetrating of the iliac bone area in x-ray films of theabdomen. For improving detctability of appendicoliths therefore it is recommended that the technique of radiography of plain abdomen should be such that a small appendicolity overlying the iliac bone can be brought outof trabecular shadows.
Abdomen ; Appendicitis ; Appendix ; Humans ; Incidence ; Radiography ; X-Ray Film

No abstract available.
Anemia, Hypoplastic, Congenital*

PURPOSE: This study was retrospectively conducted to evaluate the clinical results of consecutive 167 myopic eyes of 117 patients undergoing laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK) for myopia with either of the two excimer lasers, which differ in the method of laser delivery: flying spot scanning versus broad beam. METHODS: According to the laser used, the treated eyes were divided into two groups: Group I, 84 eyes of 58 patients with LaserScan LSX(R)(Lasersight Inc., USA); Group II, 83 eyes of 59 patients with OmniMed II(R)(Summit, USA). Each patient had been followed up for more than 6 months after surgery. Only single procedure outcomes were included. Mean preoperative spherical equivalents(SE) were -5.67+/-1.79 D(range:-1.50~-9.75 D) in group I and -6.40+/-1.79 D(range:-3.50~-9.75 D) in group II. RESULTS: At postoperative 6 months, mean uncorrected visual acuity increased to 0.94 in group I and 0.88 in group II. Uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better occurred in 100% of group I and 96.4% of group II, and of 20/20 or better, in 57.2% and 48.2%, respectively. No eye in either group lost more than 1 line of best-corrected visual acuity. Mean SEs at postoperative 6 months were -0.28+/-0.50 D in group I and -0.55+/-0.60 D in group II(P<0.05). Manifest SEs were within +/-1.00 D in 97.6% of group I and 84.3% of group II, and +/-0.50 D in 73.8% and 60.2%, respectively. Intra- or postoperative complications were subconjunctival hemorrhage(4 eyes, group I; 5 eyes, group II), Sands of Sahara syndrome(7 eyes, group I; 5 eyes, group II), epithelial ingrowth(1 eye, group II only) and infectious keratitis(1 eye, group II only). No case had a central island or irregular astigmatism postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that LASIK using the LaserScan LSX(R)excimer effectively reduces myopia compared with OmniMed II(R). However, its predictability decreased as the attempted correction increased. LASIK for myopia less than -10 D with the LaserScan LSX(R)provided satisfactory refractive results that compare well with other reports in the literature.
Africa, Northern ; Astigmatism ; Diptera ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Lasers, Excimer* ; Myopia ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Silicon Dioxide ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the MR findings of knee injuries in skiing and to explain the mechanism of injury with MR findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed MR findings of 18 patients with history of knee injuries in skiing. The MR images were evaluated retrospectively to identify the ligament injuries, bone lesions and meniscal injuries. RESULTS: Ligament injuries were seen in 16 patients, bone contusions in 16 patients, meniscal lesions in two patients. The most common group of injury was anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and roedial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries with bone contusion on posterior lip of the lateral tibial plateau (LTP). The second common group of injury was isolated ACL injury with bone contusions on the lateral fernoral condyle (LFC) and posterior lip of the LTP. We considered that the mechanism of injury of the former group may be correlated with the valgus torque with secondary anterior displacement of the tibia and the latter group may be correlated with the pivot shift phenomenon. CONCLUSION: MR may play an important role in the diagnosis of knee injuries in skiing and its findings may explain the mechanism of injury.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Collateral Ligaments ; Contusions ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Knee Injuries* ; Knee* ; Ligaments ; Lip ; Retrospective Studies ; Skiing* ; Tibia ; Torque

Loss of best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)is a landmark of safety, as one of important complications of refractive surgery. To evaluate causes of 2 lines or more loss of BCVA after laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK), 206 eyes of 139 patients, who had undergone LASIK and had been followed up for 6 months or more, were included in this study. During the follow-up, nineteen eyes(9.2%, 19/206)showed 2 lines or more loss of BCVA postoperatively. The causes of BCVA were irregular astigmatism(15 eyes, 7.3%), retinal complications(3 eyes, 1.5%), and infectious keratitis(1 eye, 0.5%). All irregular astigmatisms had occured within 1 month postoperatively and 13 eyes of all 15 eyes spontaneously recovered after postoperative 3 months. The persistent loss of BCVA occurred in 5 eyes(2.4%, 5/206). Three cases of all 5 persistent losses of BCVA were due to retinal complications. In conclusion, our results suggest that the most common cause of loss of BCVA after LASIK is irregular astigmatism. Irregular astigmatism is a temporary situation which has a tendancy of spontaneous recovery. Thus careful observation is recommended in irregular astigmatism after LASIK. The retinal complications of LASIK may lead to permanent loss of BCVA. Therefore it is needed to examine preoperative fundus closely and to explain possible postoperative complicaitons to the patients and their family.
Astigmatism ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Refractive Surgical Procedures ; Retinaldehyde ; Visual Acuity*