PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a structured preoperative PCA education to that of the usual informal teaching provided by hospital staff in alleviating postoperative pain through more effective use of PCA therapy. METHOD: As an advanced research, the knowledge about the use of PCA therapy and the attitude about the use of the pain medicine were estimated, and then as a later research, the knowledge about the use of PCA therapy, the attitude about the use of the pain medicine, and the score of the pain were estimated. RESULT: The experimental group those who received structured preoperative PCA education had statistically significant higher knowledge regarding the use of PCA therapy(p=0.026) and more positive attitudes toward using pain medicine(p=0.004). The experimental group those who received structured preoperative PCA education reported better pain control 4(p= 0.002), 8(p=0.014) and 24 hours(p=0.018) after the operation. CONCLUSION: The structured preoperative PCA education increases the knowledge for the use of patient's PCA therapy and changes their attitude toward the use of the pain medicine positively and consequently enable the use of PCA therapy to be more effective and then finally reduced the patient's pain after the operation.
Education* ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis* ; Patient Education as Topic

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors influencing the health promoting behavior(s) of office worker males in the COVID-19 pandemic by applying Pender’s health promotion model. Methods: The participants in this study were 149 male office workers at companies located in S, G and S cities. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and a stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS Window 25.0 program. Results: The subject’s health promoting behaviors and prior related behaviors (r=.58, p<.001), perceived benefits of action (r=.41, p<.001), self-efficacy (r=.53, p<.001), social support (r=.39, p<.001), self-esteem (r=.47, p<.001) and commitment to a plan of action (r=.67, p<.001) showed a high positive correlation. The factpors affecting the subjects’ health promoting behaviors were the commitment to a plan of action (β=.35, p<.001), self-esteem (β=.27, p=.005), prior related behavior (β=.26, p<.001), health status (good) (β=.20, p=.001) and self-efficacy (β=.14, p=.047). These variables explained 63.0% of the subjects’ health promoting behaviors. Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, subjects are more likely to be exposed to disease due to reduced outdoor activity time and irregular eating habits due to the strengthening of social distancing. Health promoting behaviors are an important concept that can maintain health and prevent diseases. To improve the health promoting behaviors of men engaged in office work, it is necessary to develop and operate a health promotion behaviors program considering those variables.

PURPOSE: Although the overall incidence of hepatitis A in Korea has been decreasing recently, the adolescents born before the introduction of the hepatitis A vaccine remain to be highly vulnerable to outbreak. This study examines the unvaccinated adolescents' and their parents' knowledge and health beliefs toward hepatitis A vaccination. METHODS: Healthy adolescents aged 13-19 years old who had no previous history of hepatitis A vaccine and hepatitis A infection, and their parents or legal guardians were the subjects of the study. The survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model, and examined the subjects' demographics, knowledge, and health beliefs (i.e., perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers). RESULTS: We included 157 adolescents and their parents/guardians (mean age: 16.0+/-1.6 and 45.6+/-4.7 years, respectively). The average knowledge item score for adolescents and parents was 6.4+/-3.7 and 7.3+/-3.4 (out of 18), respectively. Similarly, average Health Belief Model item scores were: susceptibility, 5.6+/-1.6 and 5.9+/-1.7 (range: 2-10); severity, 16.3+/-4.1 and 18.3+/-3.6 (range:5-25); benefits, 19.7+/-3.3 and 20.6+/-2.1 (range:5-25); and barriers, 41.3+/-8.9 and 39.0+/-9.1 (range:7-85). The major reason for not undergoing hepatitis A vaccination was lack of knowledge about its importance. CONCLUSIONS: Refresher health lectures about hepatitis A and the vaccine are needed by both the adolescents and their parents. Furthermore, the inclusion of hepatitis A vaccine in the national immunization program should be considered to reduce the risk of hepatitis A outbreak and to raise the vaccination coverage among the adolescents in Korea.
Adolescent ; Demography ; Hepatitis A Vaccines ; Hepatitis A* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Incidence ; Korea ; Lectures ; Legal Guardians ; Parents* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vaccination*

Tenosynovitis of the extremities is not uncommon but its diagnosis is not easy owing to its non-specific clinical manifestation. Thus it was beyond the field of imaging diagnosis so far. Recently the development of high resolution ultrasonogram has aided preoperative imaging diagnosis of tenosynovitis. The authors performed a retrospective review of 27 patients who had ultrasonography due to tendon pathology(including 18 tenosynovites) by oserving sonographic finding and evaluation the diagnostic value of each finding. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 81.1% and common sonographic findings were focal swelling of the tendon. well-defined margin of the lesion, preserved fibrillar pattern, echo change of the lesion site and fluid collection. Above al,. fluid collection was the only statistically significant criterion for diagnosis of tenosynovitis (p<0.05). But its sensitivity was as low as 50%. In conclusion the ultrasonography is useful in diagnosis of tenosynovitis and fluid collection is of diagnostic value, but the differentiation between nodular tenosynovitis without fluid collection and other benign tumor is still beyond the scope of ultrasonographic diagnosis.
Diagnosis ; Extremities ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Tendons ; Tenosynovitis* ; Ultrasonography*

We reviewed MR angiograms to evaluate its efficacy for visualizing the renal arteries and detecting renovascular disease. 41 renal arteries in 19 patients were examined by MR angiography. 3-D time-of-flight technique was used as routine examination method for MR angiography and 2-D time-of-flight technique was added in some particular cases to visualize venous flow. Within two weeks after MR angiography was performed, 23 renal arteries in 10 patients were additionally examined by conventional angiography or intraarterial DSA. The success rates of vessel visualization on MR angiography in normal renal arteries were 100% in main 67.7% in segmental, and 11.8% in intrarenal arteries. As a result of comparative study in normal main renal arteries with MR angiograms and conventional angiograms, overall correspondence in the number and the shape was noted and the caliber discrepancy between two examination did not exceed 3.0 mm. one arteriovenous fistula with aneurysm, one stenotic artery and two occluded arteries were well evaluated One arteriovenous fistula with aneurysm, and two occluded arteries were well evaluated by MR angiography. However three stenotic lesions were misdiagnosed as occlusions on MR angiography. and the overall accuracy was 87%. We conclude that MR angiography has the potential to be a noninvasive and useful screening method for determining the number of renal arteries and for detection of abnormalities of main renal arteries.
Aneurysm ; Angiography* ; Arteries ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Methods ; Renal Artery*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate success and perforation rates of pneumatic reduction and to find the predictors of reduction failure. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We reviewed 224 cases of pediatric intussusception diagnosed by air-enema between July, 1989 and June, 1992. The mean age was 9.8 months(range, 1 month to 3 years). Logistic regression analysis was used to find predictors of reduction failure. RESULTS: Successful reduction was achieved in 197 cases(87.9% of success rate). Bowel perforation occurred in two cases(0.9% of perforation rate). There were two statistically significant predictors of failure;(1) ileoileocolic intussusception(p<.001), (2) long duration of symptom(p<.001). Surgery was performed in 26 cases (11.6%), of which seven required bowel resection. CONCLUSION: Pneumatic reduction is a useful means in the management of pediatric intussusception with a high success rate and no mortality.
Child* ; Humans ; Insufflation* ; Intussusception* ; Logistic Models ; Mortality

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* ; Typhlitis*

BACKGROUND: The regular meal pattern with consistent day-to-day calorie and carbohydrate intake is one of the most important determinants of good glycemic control in diabetes. This study was aimed to investigate the meal pattern and their relationships with total energy intake, nutrients intake and glycemic and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes. METHODS: 1,084 subjects were divided according to glycemic status into three groups: the diabetes (DM), dysglycemia (DG) and normal (N). The meal frequency (MF), meal interval (MI) and daily intake of total energy, macronutrient and micronutrient were estimated with the 24 hours dietary recall from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2001 and Eulji hospital. For analysis of meal pattern and it's relations with the nutrients intake, we regrouped into meal skipper (G1), non-meal skipper with unreasonable MI (G2), and non-meal skipper with reasonable MI (G3). RESULTS: 17.5% of DM, 21.8% of DG, 23.3% of N skipped at least one meal a day without significant difference across the groups. 55.9% of non-meal skipper had unreasonable MI. Meal was more regular in older age, lower educated person, employee, and female. G1 took higher fat, and more calories form snack and less micronutrient density, compared with G3 (P < 0.05). HbA1c, total cholesterol and triglyceride values were higher in G1 compared with other two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Many type 2 diabetics had the irregular meal patterns, which was associated with poor glycemic control, lipid profiles and less micronutrient density. This suggested that another treatment strategy might be required for those who had irregular lifestyle.
Cholesterol ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Meals ; Micronutrients ; Nutrition Surveys ; Snacks

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The status of cervical lymph node is important factor influencing the prognosis of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. There has been some controversy regarding the treatment of clinical N0 neck in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, and the purpose of this study is to analyze the outcomes and efficacy of the elective neck dissection. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Authors analyzed outcomes of elective neck dissection by a retrospective study with a review of medical records of 41 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma patients who had clinical N0 neck. RESULTS: The overall rate of occult neck metastasis was 27%, and the rate of occult metastasis beyond T2 stage was 45%. The occult metastasis rates of the primary sites in the oral tongue, floor of mouth and retromolar trigon were 26.7%, 40% and 33.3%, respectively. Three cases had bilateral occult metastasis and other three had nodal recurrence after elective neck dissection. CONCLUSION: Because there were high occult neck metastasis rate but no significant postoperative complications in using the elective neck dissection, it could be used in T2, T3 or T4 oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma with clinical N0 neck.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Medical Records ; Mouth ; Mouth Floor ; Neck Dissection* ; Neck* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Tongue

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and ultrasonography(US) for thediagnosis of jumper's knee in high school basketball players. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to detect clinicalcases of jumper's knee, 40 sites of patellar tendon in 20 knees of ten basketball players were assessed by anevaluation of personal history and physical examination. US and MRI were used for detecting compatible findings ofthis condition ; the diagnostic criteria were hypoechoic focus with focal thickening as seen on US, and increasedsignal intensity with focal thickening as seen on MRI. As an early finding of jumper's knee a new sonographiccriterion of focal hypoechoic focus with or without focal thickening, was also applied. RESULTS: At 19 of 40sites(48%), clinical jumper's knee was diagnosed. For the detection of this condition according to known cliteria,sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 63% and 100%(US) and 32% and 90%(MRI). Using the new criterion,the sensitivity and specificity of US were 84% and 76%, respectively. CONCLUSION: On the basis of known US andMRI criteria for jumper's knee, the sensitivity and specificity of US were higher than those of MRI. We suggestthat hypoechoic focus without focal thickening oas seen on US, is an early finding of jumper's knee.
Basketball ; Humans ; Knee ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Patellar Ligament ; Physical Examination ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tendinopathy*