Occasionally, patients with gastrointestinal Crohn's disease (CD) develop granulomatous skin lesions at sites remote from the gastrointestinal tract, separated from other ulcerations by normal skin, a phenomenon that has been referred to as metastatic cutaneous CD. Although metastatic CD of the vulval region has been often reported in English literature, we could not find such cases with family history. We report a case of vulval CD occurring in siblings.
Crohn Disease* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Siblings* ; Skin ; Ulcer ; Vulva*

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

OBJECTIVES: The present study aims to investigate the effects of physical illness on depression in North Korean Defectors. METHODS: One hundred forty-four North Korean Defectors(20 males, 124 females) and 376 South Koreans 133 males, 243 females) in Incheon Metropolitan areas participated the present study. Face-to-face interview was conducted for demographic information including presence of physical illnesses. To investigate depressive symptoms, all participants were required to complete the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D). RESULTS: After controlling gender, age, marital status, educational year, employment status and physical illness, North Korean Defectors showed higher CES-D score than South Koreans(beta=0.449, p<0.001). Within North Korean Defectors, the presence of physical illnesses independently was related to higher CES-D score(beta=0.243, p<0.001). However, within South Koreans, the presence of physical illnesses did not significantly predict CES-D score. North Korean Defectors with physical illness have higher CES-D score than North Korean Defectors without physical illness(26.8+/-13.8 versus 19.7+/-12.7). However, there was no significant differences of CES-D score between South Koreans with physical illness and South Koreans without physical illness(10.3+/-9.8 versus 9.3+/-8.8). CONCLUSION: Compared to South Koreans, North Korean Defector showed higher depressive symptoms independently from gender, age, education, employment, marriage. In addition, only North Korean Defectors showed the relationship between depression and physical illness. Our study suggests that depression should be assessed when North Korean Defectors have physical illness.
Depression ; Employment ; Humans ; Male ; Marital Status ; Marriage

This article is being retracted as a part of the manuscript was a 'duplicate publication' from an earlier publication.

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the effects of human rights sensitivity training on human rights consciousness and attitudes toward the mentally ill by psychiatric mental health nurse. METHODS: A non equivalent control group pre-posttest design was used for this study. The 54 participants were selected from the mental health institute in Y city. The experimental group (n=26) received the interventions 3 times a week for 2 weeks. The evaluation tools were Human Right Consciousness and Community Attitude toward the Mentally Ill (CAMI). Data were analyzed using chi2-test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, paired t-test, repeated measure ANCOVA with the SPSS/WIN 12 program. RESULTS: There was a significant mean change in human rights consciousness in the experimental group. But there was no significant difference in attitudes toward mentally illness. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that the human rights sensitivity program is effective in increasing human rights consciousness of psychiatric mental health nurses. Therefore, this program can be utilized in the field of mental health care services to improve human rights of person with mental illness.
Human Rights* ; Humans ; Mental Health* ; Mentally Ill Persons

PURPOSE: HL-60 is a promyelocytic cell line. Fc receptors and complement receptor 3 (CR3) play important role in the protective response of granulocytes and monocytes against microbial infection. We quantified the expression of Fc I, Fc II, Fc III, and CD11b/CD18 during differentiation using HL-60 cells by N-N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Functional studies, such as phagocytic activity, respiratory burst and ADCC, were also performed. METHODS: HL-60 cells were induced to differentiate by adding 0.8% DMF. On the 4th and 7th day after stimulation as well as before stimulation, the cells were analyzed for phenotypic and functional differentiaton. Phenotypic analysis was performed by flow cytometry after staining the cells with PE-conjugated anti-human CD64, CD32, CD16, CD11b, CD18, and isotype controls. And the measured fluorescent intensity was transformed into Molecules of Equivalent Soluble Fluorochromes (MESF). Phagocytic activity was also measured by flow cytometry after incubation with fluorochrome-conjugated beads. Respiratory burst was measured by chemiluminescence assay of cells incubated with luminol after stimulation with PMA. ADCC was measured by hemoglobin release assay. RESULTS: The expression of CD11b, CD18 and CD64 on HL-60 cells markedly increased on the 4th day and slightly decreased on the 7th day. Expression of CD32 was already induced before differentiation induction and slightly increased by DMF. CD16 was not expressed during differentiation. In phagocytic assay, the phagocytic cell fraction increased by stimulation on 4th and 7th day. Chemiluminescence showed the DMF increased the respiratory burst of HL-60 cells on the 4th and 7th day. In ADCC, DMF increased the target cell lysis continuously. CONCLUSION: HL-60 cells which were differentiated with DMF for are good models for studying opsonophagocytic assay of immunized sera.
Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity ; Cell Line* ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Granulocytes ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Luminescence ; Luminol ; Monocytes ; Phagocytes ; Receptors, Complement ; Receptors, Fc ; Respiratory Burst

Familial lichen planus is an uncommon disease, and there are 104 cases reported in the English literature. Several theories regarding the etiopathogenesis of lichen planus have been proposed. However, immunological mechanisms and genetic susceptibility have been emphasized the most. Several reports showed HLA analysis in lichen planus patients, and recently 2 cases have revealed an increased frequency of DR1 antigen in patients with lichen planus compared to a control group. We observed two brothers with typical skin lesions of lichen planus of almost simultaneous onset. We confirmed lichen planus by skin biopsies in both brothers and analyzed HLA typing. We also observed the occurrence of DR1 antigen in both of them.
Biopsy ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Humans ; Lichen Planus* ; Lichens* ; Siblings ; Skin

During the last two years, 43 cases of various types of glaucomatous eyes recieved trabeculectomy ab externo under the surgical microscope. To increase filtration, edges of the scleral incision were cauterized after suture of the lamellar scleral flap. And successful trabeculectomy was achieved in 10 of 11 eyes (90%) with primary open angle glaucoma and in 15 of 17 eyes (88%) with chronic angle closure glaucoma. But the results of trabeculectomy in patients with congenital glaucoma. aphakic glaucoma and absolute glaucoma were poor. In one of the congenital glaucoma case, trabeculotomy was performed simultaneously with trabeculectomy and a good result was achieved.
Filtration ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Sutures ; Trabeculectomy*

Malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva is rare and occurring usually before 30 years of age. The authors experienced a case of primary malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva of the right eye. This Case of 22 year old patient treated with enucleation and radiation for 22 times with Co60. This patient has been well till now after initial therapy without reccurence. We briefly reviewed the literatures relating to malignant melanoma.
Conjunctiva* ; Humans ; Melanoma* ; Young Adult

Asteroid hyalitis is a condition in which myriads of creamy or dull-white opacities (asteroid bodies) are suspended in the vitreous. Asteroid bodies are spherical or disc-shaped white bodies in the vitreous and were first differentiated from scyminans by Benson in 1894 as asteroid hyalitis (Benson's disease). The authors report here two cases of asteroid hyalitis: the first, a 55 year old male is associated with vitreoretinal hemorrhage, and the second, a 47 year old male is associated with cataract. Lens dislocation and pulmonary tuberculosis. They have no diabetes or hypercholesterolemla. We briefIy reviewed the literature relating to the asteroid hyalitis.
Cataract ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lens Subluxation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary