A clinical study was made on the 28 cases underwent prostatectomy during the 5 year-period from 1964 to 1968. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The patient underwent prostatectomy revealed increasing tendency in incidence, residual urine in average and being usually in the age range between 60 and 70 years. 2. The degree of prostatic enlargement was mostly grade 11 on rectal palpation and the removed prostate was 49. 3gm. in average weight. 3. Blood loss attributable to the operative manipulation was 1143 cc. in average. The patients underwent prostatectomy were discharged on the average 21.3 days postoperatively in which postoperative indwelling catheter was left in place for 15.3 days in average. 4. Postoperatively the convalescence was uneventful and the residual urine was disappeared or decreased markedly. 5. In the patients underwent prostatectomy via retropubic approach operative blood loss was mild and postoperative duration of indwelling catheterization was short as compared to that via the suprapubic approach. 6. No serious complication other than epididymitis developed in a few patients was observed postoperatively. 7. Suprapubic prostatectomy was found to be suitable for the patient with marked prostatic enlargement while the retropubic one yielded less tissue damage and somewhat rapid postoperative convalescence as compared to the former.
Catheters, Indwelling ; Convalescence ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Epididymitis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy*

Provocation test made no 90 cases of chronic prostatitis using prednisolone with a dose of 20-30 mg. per day for 1~2 weeks, was done. The results are as follows. 1. In provocation group the incidence of cases with 10/HPF or more of WBC was 10~21% as compared to 0~10 % of control group. 2. There was no difference between the two groups in the number and species of bacteria found in the prostatic secretion. 3. On palpation no remarkable difference was found between the two groups except the tenderness which was less in incidence in the provocation group. 4. As mentioned above the prostatic secretion of the provocation group disclosed increasing tendency in WBC appearance and the prednisolone provocation test was proved to de valuable for the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis.
Bacteria ; Diagnosis ; Incidence ; Palpation ; Prednisolone* ; Prostatitis*

Carcinoid tumors of the intestinal tract are uncommon neoplasms thought to arise from argentaffin cells in the base of the intestinal crypts. Carcinoid tumors of other sites have since been reported with increasing frequency. We experienced one case of rectal carcinoid tumor and the other case of stomach carcinoid turnor. A 52-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital because of right upper abdominal discomfort. On the CT scan, multiple low density masses were noticed. Sigmoidoscopy revealed the whitish yellow ulcerofungating mass which had vague margin. And a 31-year-old male patient was admitted to the haspital because of hematemesis. On the gastrofiberscopic examination, an ovoid shallow ulcer crater which had elevated margin, smooth tapered fold and vissible vessel was noticed on the anterior wall side of the high body. The biopsy specimen in both these cases showed carcinoid cells. 24h urine 5-HIAA of these cases was negative. Awareness of carcinoid tumor in differential diagnosis of hepatic metastasis and of gastric ulcer is necessary.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Carcinoid Tumor* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Enterochromaffin Cells ; Hematemesis ; Humans ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Rectum* ; Sigmoidoscopy ; Stomach Ulcer ; Stomach* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ulcer

OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to determine the effectiveness of using the auditory steady state response (ASSR) as a measure of hearing thresholds in infants who are suspected of having significant hearing loss, as compared with using the click-auditory brainstem response (C-ABR). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the audiologic profiles of 76 infants (46 boys and 30 girls, a total of 151 ears) who ranged in age from 1 to 12 months (average age: 5.7 months). The auditory evaluations in 76 infants who were suspected of having hearing loss were done via the C-ABR and ASSR. In addition, for reference, the mean ASSR thresholds were compared to those of 39 ears of infants and 39 ears of adults with normal hearing at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. RESULTS: The highest correlation between the C-ABR and ASSR thresholds was observed at an average of 2-4 kHz (r=0.94). On comparison between the hearing of infants and adults at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz, the mean ASSR threshold in infants was 12, 7, 8, and 7 dB higher, respectively, than that in adults. CONCLUSION: ASSR testing may provide additional audiometric information for accurately predicting the hearing sensitivity, and this is essential for the management of infants with severe to profound hearing loss.
Adult ; Auditory Threshold ; Brain Stem ; Ear ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss ; Humans ; Infant ; Retrospective Studies

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) for large myomas. A subpopulation of 51 patients with myomas 8 cm or larger in diameter was selected from 155 patients who underwent LM at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital from July 2003 to November 2006. The mean age of the patients was 34.9+/-5.6 yr, mean parity was 0.6+/-0.9, and 8 patients had a previous operative history. The most common operative indication was a palpable abdominal mass (24 patients, 47%). The mean operating time was 85.6+/-38.9 min, and the mean diameter of the largest myoma was 9.3+/-1.8 cm. The mean change in hemoglobin concentration was 2.1+/-1.2 g/dL. Histopathological diagnosis included 49 patients of leiomyoma (96.1%) and 2 patients of leiomyoma with adenomyosis (3.9%). Postoperatively, a transfusion was done in 7 patients, and a case of subcutaneous emphysema was noted. None of the operations was switched to laparotomy. With the newly-developed screw and the port placement system that was modified from the Choi's 4-trocar method to obtain better surgical vision, LM of large myomas proved to be one of the efficient and feasible methods.
Adult ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy/adverse effects/*methods ; Leiomyoma/pathology/*surgery ; Length of Stay ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Subcutaneous Emphysema/etiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Uterine Neoplasms/pathology/*surgery

Pulmonary Endometriosis is a rare disease entity and we report a 23-year-old single woman with a history of hemoptysis in association with menstruation. She was previously treated effectively with hormone therapy for 3 months, but decided to undergo surgical resection because of the high cost of hormone therapy. Radiographic finding of the chest showed haziness in the right lower lung field, and chest CT showed a ground-glass appearance in the posterobasal and laterobasal segment. The patient underwent basal segmentectomy of the right lower lobe. There was no incidence of hemoptysis during her menstruation following the operation.
Adult ; Case Report ; Endometriosis/therapy* ; Endometriosis/etiology ; Endometriosis/diagnosis ; Female ; Human ; Lung Diseases/therapy* ; Lung Diseases/etiology ; Lung Diseases/diagnosis

PURPOSE: Communicating the harms and benefits of thyroid screening is necessary to help individuals decide on whether or not to undergo thyroid cancer screening. This study was conducted to assess changes in thyroid cancer screening intention in response to receiving information about overdiagnosis and to determine factors with the greatest influence thereon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were acquired from subjects included in the 2013 Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS), a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional survey. Of the 4,100 respondents in the 2013 KNCSS, women were randomly subsampled and an additional face-to-face interview was conducted. Finally, a total of 586 female subjects were included in this study. Intention to undergo thyroid cancer screening was assessed before and after receiving information on overdiagnosis. RESULTS: Prior awareness of overdiagnosis in thyroid cancer screening was 27.8%. The majority of subjects intended to undergo thyroid cancer screening before and after receiving information on overdiagnosis (87% and 74%, respectively). Only a small number of subjects changed their intention to undergo thyroid cancer screening from positive to negative after receiving information on overdiagnosis. Women of higher education level and Medical Aid Program recipients reported being significantly more likely to change their intention to undergo thyroid cancer screening afterreceiving information on overdiagnosis,whilewomen with stronger beliefs on the efficacy of cancer screening were less likely to change their intention. CONCLUSION: Women in Korea appeared to be less concerned about overdiagnosis when deciding whether or not to undergo thyroid cancer screening.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Intention ; Korea ; Mass Screening* ; Medical Overuse* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is known to be frequently associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Recently, the diagnosis of fatty liver disease, based on ultrasonographic findings, has increased. Therefore, we examined the association between NAFLD and various metabolic diseases, such as obesity, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension or metabolic syndrome, and tried to find out whether NAFLD was independently related to insulin resistance. METHODS: From April to June 2000, 262 subjects, attending for routine physical check-ups, were screened. Of these, 115 one hundred fifteen subjects were studied, with the other 147 excluded due to significant alcohol consumption, evidence of viral or toxic hepatitis, significant liver or renal dysfunction, and overt thyroid disease. Fatty liver was diagnosed if the subject had a "bright" liver on ultrasonographic examination. All diagnoses were made by a single experienced radiologist. RESULTS: Of the 115 subjects. 30 (26%) showed NAFLD. 1. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, body weight, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting insulin levels and HOMA IR (homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index) were higher in the subjects with NAFLD than in the controls. 2. Multiple logistic regression analysis, including age, sex, BMI, waist to hip ratio, fasting serum glucose, lipids and insulin levels, HOMA IR, and hypertension showed that BMI, total cholesterol and HOMA IR were independently related with NAFLD. 3. 27% of the subjects with NAFLD showed metabolic syndrome, and 53% of subjects with metabolic syndrome had NAFLD. 4. The percentage of subjects who had more than two factors of metabolic syndrome was three times higher in the subjects with NAFLD compared to the controls. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that NAFLD may be independently related with insulin resistance. Metabolic diseases, such as glucose intolerance, obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension, were more prevalent in the subjects with NAFLD than in the controls. Therefore, we should try to assess the status of the metabolic diseases, and treat them in patients with NAFLD.
Alcohol Drinking ; Blood Glucose ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Diagnosis ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury ; Dyslipidemias ; Fasting ; Fatty Liver* ; Glucose Intolerance ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Liver ; Logistic Models ; Metabolic Diseases* ; Obesity ; Thyroid Diseases ; Triglycerides ; Waist-Hip Ratio

BACKGROUND: Celecoxib, a COX-2 specific inhibitor, has recently been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of celecoxib against RA inflammation remain to be defined. To elucidate the action mechanism of celecoxib on inflammatory cells, we investigated the effect of celecoxib on the production of two important mediators of inflammation, nitric oxide and PGE2 METHODS: RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS were preincubated with various concentrations of celecoxib (from 10(-8) to 10(-5) M) and 10muM hydrocortisone, respectively. The production of NO and PGE2, the end products of iNOS and COX-2 genes, were estimated in culture supernatants by Greiss method and EIA, respectively. The expression of iNOS gene, COX-2 gene, NF-kappaB, and I-kappaB were determined by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. RESULTS: Celecoxib and hydrocortisone inhibited the production of NO and PGE2 in dose dependent manner, when RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS. The expression of iNOS was also down-regulated by celecoxib and hydrocortisone. Interestingly, COX-2 gene differentially expressed according to the dose of celecoxib, a decrease with lower dose (10(-8) M) but an increase with higher dose (10(-5) M). NF-kappaB binding activity was decreased by lower dose of celecoxib, whereas was not affected by higher dose of it. The expression of I-kappaB was suppressed by higher dose of celecoxib. CONCLUSION: The celecoxib strongly suppressed the production of NO and PGE2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The decrease of NO seems to be linked to the inhibition of iNOS by celecoxib. The lower and higher dose of celecoxib differentially regulated the COX-2 expression and NF-kappaB activity
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Blotting, Western ; Celecoxib ; Cyclooxygenase 2* ; Dinoprostone* ; Hydrocortisone ; Inflammation ; Inflammation Mediators ; Macrophages* ; NF-kappa B ; Nitric Oxide*

Acute leukemia is one of the most common malignant neoplasms of female. Fortunately, the incidence of leukemia during pregnancy has been estimated at only 1 per 100,000 pregnancies. Since the management of acute leukemia in pregnancy consists of the challenge of optimizing chances for prolonged remission and cure in the mother while minimizing the toxicity to the unborn fetus, so there are many therapeutic and ethical dilemmas. Causing thrombocytopenia and anemia, neutropenia, leukemia can be an obstacle to the adequate obstetric management. The management of this subset of pregnant patients requires a team approach including patient, family, obstetrician and hematologist-oncologist. We experienced a case of the pregnancy with acute myelogenous leukemia at 32 gestational weeks. With induction of labor, she was delivered of a 2,250 g, healthy male baby at 34 gestational weeks. After delivery of infant, she underwent combination chemotherapy. We present this case with review of related literatures.
Anemia ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* ; Male ; Mothers ; Neutropenia ; Pregnancy* ; Thrombocytopenia