We report 56 year old female with the left atrial myxoma diagnosed by M mode and 2-D Echocardiography, to be complicated with the cerebral embolism with review of literatures.
Echocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Embolism* ; Middle Aged ; Myxoma*

Encapsulated and free pus in the substance of the brain tissue following an acute purulent infection is known as brain abscess, and which is uncommon. The brain abscess arise either as direct extention from infections within the cranial cavity or as hematogenous metastasis from infections elsewhere in the body. Since 1945, the antibiotics associated use of steroid and mannitol have been available for the treatment of brain abscess, and the result are very hopeful. The common method of surgical treatment are consist of excision and drainage and the problem of the best operative procedure has been disputed on the many neurosurgical literatures for many years. Recently we had treated 2 cases of severe otogenic brain abscesses with semicomatose patient by drainage, and good was the result compared with the other literatures. Result; 1. One case with semicoma recovered completely without any neurologic sequelae, and the other case recovered with visual disturbance. 2. The best operative procedure for the severe brain abscess considered a drainage.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Brain Abscess ; Brain* ; Drainage* ; Hope ; Humans ; Mannitol ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Suppuration ; Surgical Procedures, Operative

We report one case with the occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery and the left renal artery in the mitral stenosis with the review of the literatures.
Mesenteric Artery, Superior* ; Mitral Valve Stenosis* ; Renal Artery*

No abstract available.
Bone Marrow* ; Lymphoma*

The intracranial epidural abscess is a not indenpendent disease which is practically always secondary to osteitis or osteomyelitis of overlying bone. Also it was developed from complication of frontal sinusitis, middle ear or mastoiditis, incomplete debridement of compound comminuted depressed fracture and post-operative complications. Occasionally it was derived from dural sinus thrombophlebitis especially cavernous sinus. It was frequently developed frontal and temporal region. We have experienced 5 cases of intracranial epidural abscesses for this one year. Followings are the results ; 1. The causes were complication of compound depressed fracture, chronic osteomyelitis and post-operative complications. 2. The usual symptom was headache, fever and increased lethargy. 3. The laboratory findings of CBC were the increased WBC count and ESR. The CSF findings revealed occasionally increased the cell count and sugar. 4. The pus culture revealed proteus, coliform bacilli and paracolon bacili. 5. Treatment was surgical removal of overlying diseased bone, drainage of the purulent materials and instillation of antibotics irrigation. 6. The prognosis of the 5 cases of the intracranial epidural abscess was good. There was not appeared any complication or sequelae.
Cavernous Sinus ; Cell Count ; Debridement ; Drainage ; Ear, Middle ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Epidural Abscess* ; Fever ; Frontal Sinus ; Frontal Sinusitis ; Headache ; Lethargy ; Mastoid ; Mastoiditis ; Osteitis ; Osteomyelitis ; Prognosis ; Proteus ; Suppuration ; Thrombophlebitis

No abstract available.

Acute subdural hematoma is commonly occurred by severe or minor head injury, which is encountered to neurosurgeons and needed the emergency operation. But the mortality rate of the acute subdural hematoma is still very high(60-90%) in spite of the recently advanced neuroradiology. Neurosurgery and anesthesiology the authors had managed 50 cases of acute subdural hematomas, confirmed surgically, during 24 months from march 1971 to march 1973 and observed clinically. Followings are the results. 1. The male sex was predominantly high in incidence, 6 to 1. the age incidence was high in the 3 rd decade to 5 th decade which is in vigorous social activity. 2. The most common mode of the head injury was the traffic accident in 35 of 50 cases. 15 cases were from other injuries. 3. The level of consciousness of the acute subdural hematoma was various from drowsy consciousness to coma. The lucid interval was developed in 18% of those. 44 cases showed papillary change. 39(88.6%) of these were ipsilateral mydriasis. In 23 of 50 cases had motor disturbance and 78.2% of 23 cases showed contralateral hemiplegia or hemiparesis. The papillary change and hemiplegia were valuable to know the side of hematoma. 4. One of the best diagnostic procedure for the acute subdural hematoma was the angiography. The authors performed the carotid angiography before surgery in all cases. The avascular zone of the angiographic finding was crescentic form in 71.4% of all and the most common site was the parietotemporal region, but rare in the posterior fossa in one case. 5. The mortality rate was 46%. the high mortality was observed in the condition of the old age, persistant coma after surgery, bilateral mydriatic fixed pupil, concomitant profound brain damage and brain swelling. 3 cases of non survival which were in the persistant coma after surgery were died of the complication of severe decubital ulcer, septicemia, pneumonia and cachexia. 6. In 27 survival cases, the hemiplegia, oculomotor palsy, organic dementia and epilepsy were observed as sequelae, which were progressively recovered. 9 of 27 cases were completely recovered to normal social life. But the epilepsy and organic dementia were falt to be the worst sequelae remaining the problem.
Accidents, Traffic ; Anesthesiology ; Angiography ; Brain ; Brain Edema ; Cachexia ; Coma ; Consciousness ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Dementia ; Emergencies ; Epilepsy ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural, Acute* ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mortality ; Mydriasis ; Neurosurgery ; Paralysis ; Paresis ; Pneumonia ; Pupil Disorders ; Sepsis ; Ulcer

Background: South Korea has one of the world’s fastest aging populations and is witnessing increased age-related hearing impairment cases as well as an increase in the number of hearing aid users. The aim of this study was to analyze complications caused by hearing aid mold materials. In addition, we hope to raise awareness of the harm and danger that inexperienced hearing aid providers can cause to patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 11 patients who were diagnosed with hearing aid mold material as a foreign body in the ear at a tertiary center between 2016 and 2020. The following data were analyzed: symptoms, endoscopic findings, audiometry, temporal bone CT images, treatment methods, and complications after removal. The currently available literature was also reviewed to develop clinical guidelines, to identify the systematic weaknesses in the South Korean hearing aid market, and to identify policies that warrant better quality control. Results: Among the 11 cases, 9 were restricted to the external auditory canal, all of which were successfully removed under endoscopy with minor complications. Two cases with middle ear involvement resulted in infection and thus required surgical removal with mastoidectomy. The average age of these patients was 76.4, and all patients received their molding procedure at private hearing aid shops without an otolaryngologist’s examination. Conclusion Thorough patient history-taking and otologic examination must be performed to identify patients at higher risk of complications. Such patients should be referred to an otolaryngologist. If a patient exhibits alarming symptoms, early referral is critical since prompt surgery can minimize complications. A CT scan is highly recommended to determine an optimal approach for foreign body removal. Systematic and regulatory changes in hearing aid dispensers, such as requiring apprenticeship, raising the required level of education, and legally mandating referrals, can help reduce these complications.

PURPOSE: To report a case of moyamoya disease initially presenting transient visual loss in a healthy young subject. CASE SUMMARY: A 20-year-old male with no history of systemic disease or trauma visited our clinic due to sudden onset visual loss in the right eye. There were no accompanying symptoms, including headache, seizure, paresis, or paresthesia. Best corrected visual acuity at the first visit was hand movement in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. No abnormal finding was revealed in the anterior segment. On fundus examination, whitening at post pole was found in the right eye. In fluorescein angiography, a choroidal and retinal artery filling delay in the posterior pole was noted. The patient's visual acuity began to improve gradually and was recovered to 20/20 by the next day. Moyamoya disease was diagnosed based on magnetic resonance angiography of the brain and transfemoral cerebral angiography as well as stenosis of the internal carotid artery and middle cerebral artery with collateral vessel networks. CONCLUSIONS: Moyamoya disease should be considered as a possible cause of transient visual loss in healthy young subjects.
Brain ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cerebral Angiography ; Choroid ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Eye ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Hand ; Headache ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Male ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Moyamoya Disease ; Paresis ; Paresthesia ; Retinal Artery ; Seizures ; Visual Acuity ; Young Adult

We report three patients with chronic idiopathic meningitis in whom clinical feature were headache, fever, cranial nerve palsies or CSF showed inflammatory changes. Two patients showed diffuse thickening and enhancement of meninges on CT and MRI, had biopsy-proven intracranial pachymeningitis (diffuse fibrosis with inflammatory cells). In the other patient, MRI and CT showed normal findings. Two patients including one with idiopathic hypertrophic intracranial pachymeningitis improved with corticosteroid and immunosuppressant, while one patient did with lumboperitoneal shunt.
Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Fever ; Fibrosis ; Headache ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meninges ; Meningitis*