The purpose of this study was to investigate nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and a food habits of middle school students. The study was carried out through questionnaire. The subjects were 431 middle school students (boys 298, girls 133) in Chonbuk area. In nutrition knowledge, there were no significant differences in total scores between boys and girls. However, the girls showed higher score in knowledge of weight control than boys did (p < 0.05). In dietary attitude, there were significant differences in attitude of "balanced meal (p < 0.05)", "sufficient protein intake (p < 0.01)", "food diversity (p < 0.001)" and "overeating (p < 0.01)" between boys and girls. The boys showed better dietary attitudes than the girls did. In food habits, there were significant differences in the rate of skipping breakfast (p < 0.05), the rates of skipping dinner (p < 0.01), the frequency of snacks (p < 0.05), the type of snacks (p < 0.05) between boys and girls. The girls showed higher rates of skipping a meal and frequency of snacks than the boys did. It suggests that gender should be considered for an effective and practical nutrition education for middle school students to improve dietary attitudes and food habits.
Breakfast ; Education ; Female ; Food Habits* ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Meals ; Snacks

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: We prospectively compared the response to blind and ultrasound-guided glenohumeral injection of corticosteroids for treatment of shoulder stiffness. METHODS: A total of 77 patients with shoulder stiffness between April 2008 and March 2012 were recruited. Patients were randomized to receive either a blind (group 1, n=39) or ultrasound-guided (group 2, n=38) glenohumeral injection of 40 mg triamcinolone. The clinical outcomes and shoulder range of motion (ROM) before injection, at 3, 6, and 12 months after injection and at the last follow-up were assessed. The same rehabilitation program was applied in both groups during the follow-up period. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in demographic data on age, sex, ROM, and symptom duration before injection between groups (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in ROM including forward flexion, external rotation at the side, external rotation at 90o abduction, and internal rotation, visual analogue scale for pain and functional outcomes including American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Simple Shoulder test between the two groups at any time point (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the current data, the result of ultrasound-guided glenohumeral injection was not superior to that of blind injection in the treatment of shoulder stiffness. We suggest that ultrasound-guided glenohumeral injection could be performed according to the patient's compliance and the surgeon's preference. Once familiar with the non-imaging-guided glenohumeral injection, it is an efficient and reliable method for the experienced surgeon. Ultrasound could be performed according to the surgeon's preference.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones* ; Compliance ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rehabilitation ; Shoulder Joint* ; Shoulder* ; Triamcinolone ; Ultrasonography*

OBJECTIVES: In 2002, the Ministry of Health and Welfare initiated a national sealant program (NSP) in public health centers in order to promote oral health among children in rural areas as well as among children with low socio-economic status in urban areas. However, this program was terminated in 2009 and substituted with the national insurance coverage of sealants (NICS). The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the change from NSP to NICS on regional inequality. METHODS: Based on data obtained from the 2010 and 2012 Korea National Oral Health surveys conducted, we analyzed the average number of permanent teeth with sealants (mean sealant) on the first molars and the prevalence of active dental caries in permanent teeth (D rate), segregated by region, in 8-year-old children. Analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) after taking into consideration the complex design of the samples. RESULTS: The D rate of rural children was higher than that of those in metropolitan and city areas. Compared to the 2010 data on the mean sealants on the first molars, a 14.4% and 48.1% increase was observed in the mean sealants in children in the metropolis and in cities in 2012, respectively. However, this number decreased by 7.5% only in the rural areas. CONCLUSIONS: Accessibility to dental services was limited in the rural areas as compared than in other areas; this result is based on the fact that the D rate in rural areas was higher than that in other areas. The NSP has decreased this regional inequality with regard to the accessibility to dental services. However, it was suggested that the mean sealant on the first molars was reversed due to a change from NSP to NICS.
Child ; Dental Caries ; Humans ; Insurance Coverage* ; Korea ; Molar ; Oral Health ; Pit and Fissure Sealants ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Tooth

Lingual tonsillar hypertrophy (LTH) is a rare and dangerous condition in the management of the upper airway. It is not detectable from the history or on routine preoperative physical examination. Enlarged lingual tonsils can cause posterior displacement. A 56 year old man was scheduled for emergency laryngeal microscopic surgery for the removal of a throat foreign body. After the induction of general anesthesia, intubation with a rigid laryngoscope was impossible due to LTH. After recovery of self respiration, the endotracheal tube intubation was possible by the combined use of a laryngoscope, Magil forceps and fiberoptic bronchoscope.
Anesthesia, General ; Bronchoscopes ; Emergencies ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Hypertrophy* ; Intubation* ; Laryngoscopes ; Middle Aged ; Palatine Tonsil ; Pharynx ; Physical Examination ; Respiration ; Surgical Instruments

No abstract available.
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum*

No abstract available.
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum*

In order to investigate the possibility of using a cervical vertebral maturation indicator as a mandibular growth indicator, the relationship of cervical vertebral maturation and mandibular & body height growth changes was assessed in biennial serial lateral cephalometric raadiographs of eighteen korean male and fourteen korean female while they were 8.5 to 185 years old. The following results were obtained. 1. It was a reliable method to evaluate skeletal maturation by using cervical vertebrae. 2. In general, cervical vertebral maturation stages of females were higher than those of males at the same age and there were significant differences in statistics at the age of 105, 14.5. 3. The age of a female at the same cervical vertebral maturation stage were earlier than that of a male. 4. In the case of males, significant Ar-Gn increases were found between stage 3 and 4,5 Ar-Go increases between stage 4 and 5. 5. In the case of females, significant S-Gn and Ar-Gn increases were found between stage 3 and 4. 6. Significant body height increases were found between stage 3 and 4 in both sexes. 7. The peak velocity of body height and mandibular length was observed between cervical vertebral maturation stage 3 and 4 in botli series. 8. The relationship between- inandibular & body height changes and specific maturation stage of cervical vertebra was found, therfore using a cervical vertebral maturation indicator as mandibular growth indicator is quite within realms of possibility.
Body Height ; Cervical Vertebrae* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Spine

Objective: To assess the contrast-enhanced CT and ultrasonography (US) findings of intracholecystic papillary neoplasm (ICPN) and determine the imaging features predicting ICPN associated with invasive carcinoma (ICPN-IC). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we enrolled 119 consecutive patients, including 60 male and 59 female, with a mean age ± standard deviation of 63.3 ± 12.1 years, who had pathologically confirmed ICPN (low-grade dysplasia [DP] = 34, high-grade DP = 35, IC = 50) and underwent preoperative CT or US. Two radiologists independently assessed the CT and US findings, focusing on wall and polypoid lesion characteristics. The likelihood of ICPN-IC was graded on a 5-point scale. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify significant predictors of ICPN-IC separately for wall and polypoid lesion findings. The performances of CT and US in distinguishing ICPN-IC from ICPN with dysplasia (ICPN-DP) was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: For wall characteristics, the maximum wall thickness (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–1.9) and mucosal discontinuity (aOR = 5.6; 95% CI: 1.3–23.4) on CT were independently associated with ICPN-IC.Among 119 ICPNs, 110 (92.4%) showed polypoid lesions. Regarding polypoid lesion findings, multiplicity (aOR = 4.0; 95% CI: 1.6–10.4), lesion base wall thickening (aOR = 6.0; 95% CI: 2.3–15.8) on CT, and polyp size (aOR = 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0–1.2) on US were independently associated with ICPN-IC. CT showed a higher diagnostic performance than US in predicting ICPN-IC (AUC = 0.793 vs. 0.676; p = 0.002). Conclusion ICPN showed polypoid lesions and/or wall thickening on CT or US. A thick wall, multiplicity, presence of wall thickening in the polypoid lesion base, and large polyp size are imaging findings independently associated with invasive cancer and may be useful for differentiating ICPN-IC from ICPN-DP

BACKGROUND: Aspirin resistance (AR) in platelet function assays showed substantial variation depending on the methods used to evaluate it. METHODS: In this study, we prospectively compared the results of Multiplate impedance platelet aggregometry (IPA) with those of light transmission aggregometry (LTA) and VerifyNow(R) system in determination of the prevalence of aspirin resistance (AR) and investigated the correlation between its presence and poor outcome (modified Rankin scale >2) in 105 patients with aspirin after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). RESULTS: After 5 days of using aspirin, 15 patients (14.3%) were classified as aspirin-resistance with the use of IPA, 24 patients (22.9%) by the LTA, and 14 patients (13.3%) by VerifyNow. Good agreement between the results of IPA and VerifyNow, was found (R=0.674, P<0.01). The concordance rate of AR detection was high between VerifyNow and IPA (k=0.72, P<0.01), albeit quite low between LTA and IPA. Regarding on its influence on clinical outcome after AIS, there wasn't any significant relationship between occurrence of poor outcome and the presence of AR in three platelet function assays. CONCLUSION: This study reveals that the incidence of AR in AIS might be highly test-specific. IPA seems to be similar to VerifyNow as a platelet function test.
Aspirin ; Blood Platelets ; Electric Impedance ; Humans ; Incidence ; Light ; Platelet Function Tests ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Stroke