We studied thirteen, all male, patients who had trans-scaphoid perilunar dislocation(stage I, 5 cases) and dislocation of lunate(stage IV, 8 cases). Age of patient was ranged from 25 years to 49 years(avr. 36 years)and the most common cause of injury was fall down(6 cases, 46%). Seven acute cases, diagnosed and treated within 3 weeks from injury, were treated by open reduction and K-wire fixation(5 cases), and K-wire fixation and bone graft(1 case) and Herbert screw for fracture of scaphoid(1 case). Six chronic cases diagnosed and treated after 3 weeks from injury were treated by open reduction and K-wire fixation(1 case), K-wire fixation and bone graft(1 case), removal of lunate(2 cases), and arthroplasty using muscle after removal of lunate(2 cases). Thirteen cases were followed up for average 33 months(from 13 months to 81 months). Grip power was evaluated as excellent or good in 8 cases and fair in 5 cases. Range of motion of wrist joint was decreased 21 degrees in flexion, 22 degrees in extension, 4 degrees in ulnar deviation, and 5 degrees in radial deviation of wrist joint, compared with uninjured side. Carpal height and carpal height ratio were decreased to 33.1 and 0.51, compared with normal 35.8(p=0.001) and 0.55(P < 0.001), respectively. Between 2 groups of acute and chronic cases, no significant differences were noted in carpal height or carpal height ratio. The surgical treatment of perilunar fracture-dislocation has not simple option, therefore, we would recommend the early diagnosis and exact anatomical reduction.
Arthroplasty ; Dislocations ; Early Diagnosis ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Male ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Wrist Joint

BACKGROUND: Obesity is linked to a wide range of respiratory diseases. Several studies have shown that body weight at baseline and weight change were related to pulmonary function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between change in body mass index (BMI) and pulmonary function in adults. METHODS: Of those aged 40-64 years at baseline who had initially visited the health promotion center at one university-level hospital from January 2000 to December 2002, 499 (men: 309, women: 190) patients revisited the center over a 5-year period up to December 2009 and were enrolled in the study. Subjects were classified into 4 groups- group 1: normal-normal, group 2: normal-obese, group 3: obese-normal, and group 4: obese-obese, based on their BMI at baseline and follow-up. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC were measured by spirometry. RESULTS: Change in FEV1/FVC was significantly associated with change in BMI for men in all 4 groups. Change in FEV1/FVC was significantly different between group 1 and 3 and between group 1 and 4. Changes in FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC were significantly associated with change in BMI for women in all 4 groups. Change in FEV1 was significantly different between group 3 and 4, and change in FVC was significantly different between group 1 and 3. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a change in BMI is negatively associated with change in pulmonary function. Obesity itself can be a risk factor for pulmonary dysfunction, and a decrease in BMI through weight reduction could reduce pulmonary dysfunction or improve pulmonary function in adults.
Adult ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; Risk Factors ; Vital Capacity ; Weight Loss

rcinoma (SCC) is the second most common skin cancer. In particular, invasive SCC has a high risk of metastasis and sometimes, this can be fatal. At present, the treatment of choice for invasive SCC is complete excision with a proper surgical margin, but most cases of SCC develop on cosmetically-sensitive areas, so sometimes significant scarring or deformities can lead to an unhappy result. An 80 year-old female presented with a 4x1.5cm sized SCC on her lower lip. Although surgery was the first line therapy for this invasive SCC, a cosmetically poor outcome was expected. Thus the patient did not want to undergo a surgical operation, so we had to explore other treatment options. Recently there have been many reports that show imiquimod 5% cream is effective in the treatment of invasive SCC. Therefore we started topical therapy with imiquimod 5% cream five times a week. After 6 months, the lesion size was reduced to 2x1.5cm and we could remove the remnant tumor by wedge resection with cosmetically acceptable result. We suggest this neo-adjuvant immunotherapy can be an alternative for the treatment of cosmetically-critical SCC and present this case as a good example that has shown successful size-reductive neoadjuvant immunotherapy using imiquimod in invasive SCC.
Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Immunotherapy* ; Lip* ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Skin Neoplasms

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) with motor and nonmotor symptoms. Defective mitochondrial function and increased oxidative stress (OS) have been demonstrated as having an important role in PD pathogenesis, although the underlying mechanism is not clear. The etiopathogenesis of sporadic PD is complex with variable contributions of environmental factors and genetic susceptibility. Both these factors influence various mitochondrial aspects, including their life cycle, bioenergetic capacity, quality control, dynamic changes of morphology and connectivity (fusion, fission), subcellular distribution (transport), and the regulation of cell death pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction has mainly been reported in various non-dopaminergic cells and tissue samples from human patients as well as transgenic mouse and fruit fly models of PD. Thus, the mitochondria represent a highly promising target for the development of PD biomarkers. However, the limited amount of dopaminergic neurons prevented investigation of their detailed study. For the first time, we established human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-immortalized wild type, idiopathic and Parkin deficient mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from the adipose tissues of PD patients, which could be used as a good cellular model to evaluate mitochondrial dysfunction for the better understanding of PD pathology and for the development of early diagnostic markers and effective therapy targets of PD. In this review, we examine evidence for the roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and increased OS in the neuronal loss that leads to PD and discuss how this knowledge further improve the treatment for patients with PD.
Animals ; Cell Death ; Diptera ; Dopaminergic Neurons ; Energy Metabolism ; Fruit ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Life Cycle Stages ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitochondria ; Neurons ; Oxidative Stress ; Parkinson Disease* ; Pathology ; Quality Control ; Substantia Nigra ; Telomerase ; Biomarkers

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate influence of cellular phone videos and games on dry eye syndrome in university students. METHODS: A randomized comparison group pre-post design is used. Sixty university students were randomly assigned to either a video or a game group. Frequencies of blinking, dry eye symptoms scores and amounts of tears were measured. Thirty subjects watched cellular phone video programmes and the other 30 subjects played cellular phone games for 61 minutes. In addition, frequencies of blinking were measured three times during treatment, once immediately after a treatment and twice at an interval of 20 minutes after subsequent treatments. RESULTS: Post-test scores of frequencies of blinking significantly decreased, dry eye symptoms scores including amounts of tears significantly increased greater than pre-test scores in both groups. But there were no significant differences between the groups. Frequencies of blinking were significantly different with respect to the time spent using cellular phone. In both groups, the lowest frequencies of blinking were shown after 40 minutes of cellular phone use. CONCLUSION: This study shows that using cellular phone has negative influence on dry eye syndrome and eyes require a resting period after cellular phone use over 40 minutes.
Blinking ; Cellular Phone* ; Dry Eye Syndromes* ; Humans ; Tears

Neisseria cinerea is an oropharyngeal normal flora known as a non-pathogenic gram-negative diplococcus. Encephalo-meningitis related to N. cinerea is very rare. A 15-year-old healthy male visited emergency room for altered mentality with fever, headache, and vomiting. Physical examination showed abdominal tenderness and neck stiffness but there was no skin rash. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination revealed opening pressure of 210 mmH2O, red blood cell 200/mm3, white blood cell 8,320/mm3, neutrophil 84%, glucose 34 mg/dL, suggesting acute bacterial meningitis. Empirical antibiotics were administered and N. cinerea was identified in CSF culture. The patient showed complete recovery 10 days after administration of ceftriaxone. We report this case as the first N. cinerea meningitis in Korea.
Adolescent ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Ceftriaxone ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Erythrocytes ; Exanthema ; Fever ; Glucose ; Headache ; Humans ; Korea ; Leukocytes ; Male ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Bacterial* ; Neck ; Neisseria cinerea* ; Neutrophils ; Physical Examination ; Vomiting

The authors analysed retrospectively 41 cases of spontaneous IVH(intraventricular hemorrhage) which were treated with EVD(extraventricular drainage). In cases of poor drainage of CSF(cerebrospinal fluid) through the EVD catheter, infusion of urokinase was tried. The most common age groups of IVH patients were the 5th and 6th decades. Sexual incidence was 23 : 18 in male vs. female. The etioligies of the spontaneous IVH in order of frequency were hypertension, aneurysm rupture, AVM. The overall mortality rate was 49%, but a poor outcome was noted in 64% of the cases. The cases of high Graeb score & low GCS(Glasgow coma scale) score on admission showed poor outcome. Incidence of complication was 27%. Ventriculostomy was effective in many cases of IVH, especially in the early stage of stroke.
Aneurysm ; Catheters ; Coma ; Drainage ; Female ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Male ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Stroke ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator ; Ventriculostomy

The mortality rate of acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning depends on the PQ concentration in the blood. It has been shown that the kidneys eliminate PQ effectively. However, early renal function deterioration is frequently observed in acute PQ intoxication. This study is designed to compare the efficacy of PQ elimination with hemoperfusion (HP) and kidneys, taking into account the functional deterioration of the kidneys. The amount of renal and HP excretion of PQ were measured during the procedure of HP in patients with acute PQ intoxication. The PQ clearance and the actual amount of PQ elimination by the HP cartridge during the HP procedure were 111+/-11 mL/min (range; 13.2-162.2 mL/min) and 251.4+/-506.3 mg (range; 4.6- 1,655.7) each. While, the renal clearance and actual amount of renal elimination of PQ was 79.8+/-56.0 mL/min (range; 9.7-177.0) and 75.4+/-73.6 mg (range; 4.9- 245.8). As the creatinine clearance decreased, the PQ elimination by HP was as effective as or more effective than the renal elimination. In conclusion, early HP must be provided for life saving treatment in patients with acute PQ intoxication.
Adult ; Aged ; Creatinine/blood ; Emergency Medicine/methods ; Female ; Hemoperfusion/*methods ; Herbicides/*poisoning ; Humans ; Kidney/drug effects/physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Overdose/therapy ; Paraquat/*poisoning ; Renal Dialysis/*methods ; Suicide

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Stromal cell-derived growth factor 1 (SDF-1), also known as chemokine ligand 12, and chemokine receptor type 4 are involved in cancer cell migration. Compound K (CK), a metabolite of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside by gut microbiota, is reported to have therapeutic potential in cancer therapy. However, the inhibitory effect of CK on SDF-1 pathway-induced migration of glioma has not yet been established. MATERIALS/METHODS: Cytotoxicity of CK in C6 glioma cells was determined using an EZ-Cytox cell viability assay kit. Cell migration was tested using the wound healing and Boyden chamber assay. Phosphorylation levels of protein kinase C (PKC)α and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were measured by western blot assay, and matrix metallopeptidases (MMP) were measured by gelatin-zymography analysis. RESULTS: CK significantly reduced the phosphorylation of PKCα and ERK1/2, expression of MMP9 and MMP2, and inhibited the migration of C6 glioma cells under SDF-1-stimulated conditions. CONCLUSIONS: CK is a cell migration inhibitor that inhibits C6 glioma cell migration by regulating its downstream signaling molecules including PKCα, ERK1/2, and MMPs.
Blotting, Western ; Cell Movement ; Cell Survival ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Glioma* ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Metalloproteases ; Panax ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases ; Protein Kinase C ; Wound Healing

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Stromal cell-derived growth factor 1 (SDF-1), also known as chemokine ligand 12, and chemokine receptor type 4 are involved in cancer cell migration. Compound K (CK), a metabolite of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside by gut microbiota, is reported to have therapeutic potential in cancer therapy. However, the inhibitory effect of CK on SDF-1 pathway-induced migration of glioma has not yet been established. MATERIALS/METHODS: Cytotoxicity of CK in C6 glioma cells was determined using an EZ-Cytox cell viability assay kit. Cell migration was tested using the wound healing and Boyden chamber assay. Phosphorylation levels of protein kinase C (PKC)α and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were measured by western blot assay, and matrix metallopeptidases (MMP) were measured by gelatin-zymography analysis. RESULTS: CK significantly reduced the phosphorylation of PKCα and ERK1/2, expression of MMP9 and MMP2, and inhibited the migration of C6 glioma cells under SDF-1-stimulated conditions. CONCLUSIONS: CK is a cell migration inhibitor that inhibits C6 glioma cell migration by regulating its downstream signaling molecules including PKCα, ERK1/2, and MMPs.
Blotting, Western ; Cell Movement ; Cell Survival ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Glioma* ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Metalloproteases ; Panax ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphotransferases ; Protein Kinase C ; Wound Healing