Objective: This review aimed to investigate the effects of combined treatment with thermotherapy and electrical stimulation simultaneously in musculoskeletal pain disorders. Method: A systematic review was performed using electronic databases including PubMed and Embase. Following search terms were used: (simultaneous OR synchronous OR combined) AND (thermotherapy OR “thermal therapy” OR heat OR “hot pack” OR ultrasound OR microwave OR shortwave OR cold OR cryotherapy) AND (“electrical stimulation” OR electrotherapy OR TENS OR “interferential current”). Studies on the simultaneous application of thermotherapy and electrical stimulation, comparing with single physical modalities or massage were included. Results: After title and abstract exclusion, four articles were selected, according to the eligibility criteria. Combined treatment did not reveal a differential effect on pain reduction when compared to a single physical modality. However, combined treatment showed superior effects on functional aspects such as range of motion (ROM) and timed up-and-go score. Conclusion This review suggests that combined treatment with thermotherapy and electrical stimulation simultaneously seems to have a superior effect on ROM, balance, and gait ability, but not pain reduction, in musculoskeletal pain disorders. However, the number of included studies in this review was small and study designs were heterogeneous. Therefore, further research is needed to confirm these findings.

Esotropia that is related to accommodative effort may be divided into two major categories: (1) refractive accommodative esotropia with a normal AC/A ratio and (2) nonrefractive accommodative esotropia with a high AC/A ratio. To evaluatedthe clinical characteristics and the results of therapy, we performed a clinical analysis of 54 cases of accommodative esotropia. Female were 28 cases and male 26. The age of onset were 0 to 6 years with most of the cases were 0 to 2 years. The refractive errors were ranged from less than +2.00D to over +6.00D. The amount of deviation before correction with glasses were 20-29delta in 16 cases, 30-39delta in 25, 40-49delta in 12 and one cases was over 50 delta. The refractive type was 46 cases and 8 cases were nonrefractive type. It is recommended that the patients with accommodative esotropia should be followed up for a long time even with their glasses, because of variable clinical course.
Age of Onset ; Esotropia* ; Eyeglasses ; Female ; Glass ; Humans ; Male ; Refractive Errors

Eosinophilic cellulitis (EC) is a rare idiopathic disorder, first described as a "recurrent granulomatous dermatitis with eosinophilia", that mimics cellulitis of infectious origin. We describe here a previously healthy 11-year-old girl who experienced fever and tender erythematous patch lesions after trauma to her knees. Because of the relapsing cellulitis-like skin lesions, skin biopsies were taken, resulting in a diagnosis of EC. The patient responded well to oral prednisolone but experienced side effects and relapse during dose tapering. She was switched from prednisolone to cyclosporine. Her EC remained under control, and she showed no evidence of relapse after discontinuation of cyclosporine.
Biopsy ; Cellulitis ; Cyclosporine ; Dermatitis ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Fever ; Humans ; Knee ; Prednisolone ; Recurrence ; Skin

Background: Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory disorder that affects the skin of the central face. Anxiety sensitivity (AS) refers to the fear of sensations and symptoms arising from an expected experience of anxiety. High AS can cause anxiety disorders. Several studies have evaluated depression in patients with rosacea; however, AS has not yet been investigated. Objective: We aimed to investigate AS, depression, and quality of life in patients with rosacea. Methods: Eighty-five patients with rosacea and 85 controls (aged＞18 years) were enrolled in the study. The severity of rosacea was evaluated according to the standard guidelines of the National Rosacea Society. Patients with rosacea and controls were asked to complete the Korean version of the anxiety sensitivity index-revised (ASI-R), beck depression inventory (BDI), and dermatology life quality index (DLQI). Results: The ASI, BDI, and DLQI scores were significantly higher in patients with rosacea than in controls (p＜ 0.001). In particular, the cardiovascular subscale of the ASI was significantly increased in patients with rosacea. The ASI and BDI scores were significantly correlated. DLQI scores were weakly correlated with ASI compared with BDI scores in patients with rosacea. Conclusion Our study is the first to report that AS is elevated in patients with rosacea. It is necessary to consider the anxiety-related symptoms of patients with rosacea, as they may benefit from psychological intervention to alleviate distress.

Objective: To systematically review the effect of intrathecal baclofen pump insertion in children with cerebral palsy (CP) with respect to scoliosis. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases up to June 2022. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) studies with a quantitative study design; (2) studies with a study group of children with CP; (3) studies comparing scoliosis in children with and without an intrathecal baclofen pump; and (4) studies with Cobb’s angle as a parameter. Results: Of the 183 studies found, four studies, all of which were retrospective comparative studies, met the aforementioned inclusion criteria. All studies were homogeneous (I2=0%, p=0.53) and intrathecal baclofen pump insertion accelerated the progression of scoliosis (standard mean difference=0.27; 95% confidence interval=0.07–0.48). Conclusion Intrathecal baclofen pumps have been used to alleviate spasticity in children with CP, thus aiding their daily activities and movements. However, their advantages and disadvantages should be reviewed after sufficient time considering the pumps’ negative effect on the course of scoliosis.

Objective: To systematically review the effects of protein supplementation in older adults with sarcopenia. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases until May 2023. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) randomized controlled trials with a quantitative study design; (2) studies with a study group of older adults with sarcopenia; (3) studies comparing muscle mass, muscle strength, and performance of older adults with sarcopenia after protein supplementation; and (4) studies published up to May 2023. Results: Six retrospective comparative studies, including 715 patients, met the inclusion criteria. The nutritional supplementation group exhibited significant improvement in appendicular skeletal muscle mass (standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24–0.58; p<0.001; I2=1%), while handgrip strength (SMD=0.37; 95% CI, -0.32–1.07; p=0.29; I2=94%) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) (SMD=0.35; 95% CI, -0.47–1.18; p=0.40; I2=94%) showed a tendency for improvement. Conclusion Nutritional supplementation with protein increased appendicular muscle mass in older adults with sarcopenia and improved handgrip strength and SPPB scores.

PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the influence of family environment, parenting behavior, and psychological characteristics on metabolic control in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS: We performed a statistical survey among Korean children (adolescents; age, 11-17 years) undergoing treatment for type 1 DM for more than a year and the parents of these children. We obtained the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels; children's depression inventory (CDI) scores; family affection, partnership, growth, adaptation, resolve (APGAR) scores; parenting behavior inventory (PBI) scores; and scores of the Korean version of family environment scale (FES-K) for these families. The results of the survey were collected and analyzed using statistical methods. RESULTS: We found a statistically significant evidence of a positive relationship between HbA1c levels and depressive symptoms (r=0.43, P=0.001). However, there was no relationship between HbA1c levels and family APGAR scores. FES-cohesion scale (beta=-0.422, P=0.005), achievement orientation scale (beta=-0.323, P=0.013), and control scale (beta=0.356, P=0.009)-were significant predictors of HbA1c levels. In the family APGAR index, low CDI score (P=0.001) were indicative of a highly functional family. Furthermore, the family APGAR scale showed a statistically significant association with the reasoning and affection subscales of the PBI scale and inverse association with the inconsistency subscale of the PBI scale. Multiple-regression analysis of the data revealed that the monitoring (beta=-0.325, P=0.045) and reasoning (beta=-0.507, P=0.011) variables of the paternal and maternal PBI scale, respectively, were significant predictors of a child's depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: Improvements in family environment and parenting behavior may help improve metabolic control and reduce depressive symptoms in children with type 1 DM.
Achievement ; Child ; Depression ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Family Relations ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Orientation ; Parenting ; Parents ; Social Environment

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Myofibroma* ; Thigh*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Myofibroma* ; Thigh*