No abstract available.
Hematuria* ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this research is to provide foundational data for reeducation concerning prehospital emergency care in order to improve the performance of emergency medical technicians (EMTs) working at 119 fire safety centers. METHODS: Data were collected using a mail-in questionnaire developed by researchers from 288 subjects, who were EMTs working at 119 fire safety centers and local units in the Gwangju Metropolitan City and South Jeolla Province, from March 1, 2009 to April 31, 2009. RESULTS: The mean score for EMTs' knowledge on drug intoxication was 7.04 out of a total of 10 points. The mean score for EMT's attitude of emergency treatment performance on drug intoxication was 2.96 out of a total of 4 points. The level of EMT's knowledge is relatively high regarding prehospital care for drug intoxication. The EMT's attitude of performances demonstrated an understanding of the patients' conditions. However EMTs did not actively explain the prognosis and medical conditions for their patients. CONCLUSIONS: This research will contribute to making plans for reeducating emergency crew working at 119 fire centers so that can they have a more active attitude towards prehospital emergency medical care.
Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Medical Technicians ; Emergency Treatment ; Fires ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Female ; Ovary*

PURPOSE: To compare the induced astigmatism and clinical results after cataract surgery using different clear corneal incisions. METHODS: This prospective, nonrandomized study comprised 60 eyes (48 patients) scheduled for cataract surgery between October 2000 and March 2001; 20 eyes received 1-plane stab clear corneal incisions(Group 1), 20 eyes, 2-plane stab clear corneal incisions(Group 2) and 20 eyes, 2-plane hinge incisions(Group 3). Preoperative corneal astigmatism, surgically induced corneal astigmatism and changes of visual acuity were analyzed at 1 day, 1 and 2 weeks, 1 and 2 months postoperatively using ARK-700(NIDEK) and visual acuity chart projector. Data and group comparisons were evaluated by ANOVA, Chi-Square test, Repeated measures ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, Analysis of CoVariance(ANCOVA). RESULTS: The surgically induced astigmatism in all groups showed no difference in WTR change and uncorrected visual acuity also showed no different results in all groups. Mean keratometric astigmatisms were 0.23+/-1.05 D (ATR) preoperatively, 0.03+/-1.31 D (WTR) at 1 day, 0.14+/-1.13 D at 1 week, 0.16+/-1.11 D at 2 weeks, 0.13+/-1.07 D at 1 month, 0.11+/-1.04 D (WTR) at 2 months. Mean surgically induced keratometric astigmatisms were 0.75+/-0.65 at 1 day, 0.65+/-0.43 D at 1 week, 0.54+/-0.48 D at 2 weeks, 0.53+/-0.45 D at 1 month and 0.45+/-0.46D (WTR) at 2 months after operation. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences in postoperative visual acuity and surgically induced astigmatism at 2 months postoperatively among these three groups and all incisions offered satisfactory short-term astigmatic results and rapid visual rehabilitation. A longer study of a larger series should be done to confirm the findings.
Astigmatism* ; Cataract* ; Prospective Studies ; Rehabilitation ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND: We evaluated 1) the sequential changes of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) mRNA expression in lung (main site for circulating ACE synthesis) and left ventricle, and 2) whether such expression is modified by ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker treatment after acute myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. METHODS: Placebo, captopril (2 g/liter drinking water) or TCV-116 (10 mg/kg/day gavage) was administered 3 days before left coronary occlusion and continued for 6 weeks. At 1, 3 and 6 weeks after operation, hemodynamic measurement was performed and pulmonary and myocardial ACE mRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR using rcRNA as an internal standard. RESULTS: Mean BP and LVEDP increased in untreated rats compared with captopril- and TCV-116-treated rats (post-MI 6week, p<0.05). Pulmonary ACE mRNA increased in acute phase (post-MI 1 week, max. 1.4 fold, p<0.05 vs. pre-MI) and returned to pre-MI value thereafter. In contrast, cardiac ACE mRNA expression showed slightly decreasing tendency in acute phase, and was increased up to 1.6 fold in chronic phase after MI (post-MI 3 and 6weeks, p<0.05 vs. pre-MI). No changes in pulmonary ACE gene expression were found with RAS blockade. However, in acute phase after MI, cardiac ACE mRNA increased with both captopril and TCV-116 treatment (post-MI 24hour and 1week, max. 2 fold, p<0.05 vs. untreated group). CONCLUSION: 1) In contrast to the pulmonary ACE mRNA that is activated in acute phase, the cardiac ACE mRNA is activated in chronic phase after MI. 2) RAS blockade does not affect the change of pulmonary ACE expression, but modulate the change of cardiac ACE expression after MI.
Animals ; Captopril ; Coronary Occlusion ; Drinking ; Gene Expression* ; Heart Ventricles ; Hemodynamics ; Lung* ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocardium* ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Rats ; Receptors, Angiotensin ; RNA, Messenger

No abstract available.
Animals ; Interleukin-2 ; Mice*

An isolated rupture of the posterior capsule that is caused by a blunt ocular trauma has been rarely reported and is usually detected incidentally during surgery for a complicated cataract. We found an isolated posterior capsule rupture on the third day after trauma in a 25-year-old man who was admitted for the treatment of traumatic hyphema and we performed a phacoemusification and anterior vitrectomy with PC-IOL, implantation because of the traumatic cataract which had progressed after the injury. The PC-IOL was implanted safely into the capsular bag without severe enlargement of the posterior capsular rupture. The break seems to function as a capsulotomy which provides a clear visual axis. We report this case with a review of the literatures.
Adult ; Case Report ; Cataract/*etiology ; Eye Injuries/*complications ; Human ; Lens Capsule, Crystalline/*injuries ; Male ; Rupture/etiology ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating/*complications

Successful repair of lacerated tendons must restore continuity of the tendon and should yield a strong tenorrhaphy. Mechanical strength of repair should be adequate to early postoperative motion and mobility, The optimal repair technique must be able to withstand the rigors of early motion and also must not interfere with tendon healing. The relative strength of three suture methods of lacerated tendon were measured by mechanical disruption in effort to determine the strength of suture technique. Fifty-four Calcaneal tendons of 27 the New Zealand white rabbit were transected at mid portion and repaired with the three suture technique: group 1, Kessler suture, group 2, Pennington’s modified-Kessler suture and group 3, augmented- Becker suture technique. Each group was composed of 18 calcaneal tendons. Nine rabbits were sacrified immediately after suture, nine in postoperative 2 weeks and nine in postoperative 4 weeks Six calcaneal tendons in each three experimental group were obtained immediately after suture, at postoperative 2 and 4 weeks respectively. Tensile strength, maximum strength and modulus of elasticity of all experimental specimens were measured with Instron-UTM-4-100(Toyo-Baldiwin, Japan). The results were evaluated statistically to compare the strength of the three suture technique at three different periods. The tensile strength was predominantly strongest in augmented-Becker method among three suture technique at immediate suture, postoperative 2 weeks and 4 weeks respectively. The augmented Becker repair was strongest in maximum stress among Kessler and modified Kessler repair at immediate operation, postoperative 2 weeks and 4 weeks respectively. The augmented Becker repair was highest in modulus of elasticity than Kessler method and modified-Kessler method at immediate operation, postoperative 2 weeks and postoperative 4 weeks respectively. Tensile strength, maximum stress and modulus of elasticity were gradually increased from immediate operation to postoperative 4 weeks, but there were not statistically significance between experimental three suture methods at postoperative 4 weeks.
Elastic Modulus ; Methods ; New Zealand ; Rabbits ; Suture Techniques ; Sutures ; Tendons ; Tensile Strength

Authors analyzed the findings of findings of chest radiographs and high-resolution CT(HRCT) of chronic mercury vapor poisoning in 12 patients who were diagnosed by previous working history for mercury-thermometer and high level of mercury in blood and urine. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the HRCT findings of chronic mercury vapor poisoning. Duration of mercury exposure was ranged from 10 to 41 months(mean, 21.8 months). Estimated value of serum mercury was ranged from 3.6 to 8.7µg/dl(mean, 5.3 µg/dl: normal value is less than 0.5µg/dl). Estimated value of mercury in urine was ranged from 104 to 482µg/1(mean, 291.4µg/1: normal value is less than 20µg/1). Chest radiographs showed positive findings such as ground-glass opacities and peribronchial cuffings in only 2 out of 12 patients, but HRCT showed positive findings such as ground-glass opacities in 8 patients, peribronchial cuffings in 7 patients, centrilobular abnormalities in 5 patients, interface sign in 4 patients, interlobular septal thickening with intralobular lines in 2 patients and lobular consolidation in one patient. In conclusion, chest HRCT is superior to chest radiograph to show the pulmonary manifestation of chronic mercury vapor poisoning. In patients with chronic mercury vapor poisoning, HRCT findings of centrilobular distributed ground-glass opacities and peribronchial cuffinges are characteristic.
Humans ; Lung* ; Poisoning* ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Reference Values ; Thorax

The induction of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (QR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione (GSH) levels in hepa1c1c7 cells (murine hepatoma) by waxy brown rice cultured with Phellinus igniarius to induce anticarcinogenic enzymes were measured. In addition, the inhibition of polyamines metabolism was tested with the growth of Acanthamoeba castellanii. The result shows that QR, GST activities, and GSH levels of experimental animals were increased much more by feeding the methanol extract of waxy brown rice cultured with Phellinus igniarius than those of the rats received the ethanol of uncultured brown rice. The growth of A. castellanii was inhibited mostly at 40 mg/3 ml concentration of methanol extract of waxy brown rice cultured with P. igniarius. The results suggested that waxy brown rice cultured with P. igniarius possess chemopreventive activity by inducing anticarcinogenic enzymes and inhibiting polyamine metabolism.
Acanthamoeba castellanii ; Animals ; Chemoprevention ; Ethanol ; Glutathione ; Glutathione Transferase ; Metabolism ; Methanol ; Polyamines ; Rats