PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationships between calling and nursing professionalism for nurses in general hospitals. METHODS: Participants were 119 nurses in general hospitals. A survey was used and data were collected in April 2018. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. RESULTS: The significant predictors for the nursing professionalism of nurses were self-efficacy (β=.61) and clinical career in current hospital (β=−.21). These variables explained 42% of the variance in nursing professionalism of nurses. Also, self-efficacy had a total mediating effect on the relationship between calling and nursing professionalism. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that calling and self-efficacy are important factors for nursing professionalism of nurses in general hospitals.
Hospitals, General ; Negotiating ; Nursing ; Professionalism

The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in patient distribution and practice pattern resulted from changes of socioeconomic circumstances. From January 2008 to December 2017, information about patient distribution and practice pattern was collected and reviewed.Both the number of new patients and revisiting patients increased. The average age of new patients showed a declining trend. Children aged between 0 and 6 had the majority. In case of restorative treatment, the use of composite resin decreased, whereas resin modified glass ionomer increased. As to pulp treatment of primary tooth, the proportion of pulpectomy increased significantly, but decreased in pulpotomy. The results showed an increase in the treatments under sedation and general anesthesia and with the use of midazolam and nitric oxide increased after 2014.
Anesthesia, General ; Child ; Glass ; Humans ; Midazolam ; Nitric Oxide ; Pediatric Dentistry ; Pulpectomy ; Pulpotomy ; Tooth, Deciduous

Preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction are conditions associated with placental hypoperfusion and villous hypoxia. The villous response to this environment includes elevated apoptosis. Recently, trophoblast stem (TS) cells had been successfully derived. FGF-4 locates in the inner cell mass (ICM) of blastocyst and TS cells have fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR-2). To identify whether FGF-4 protects hypoxia-induced apoptosis in TS cells, this study was carried out. TS cells were cultured up to 48 h in standard (PO2 = 20%) or hypoxic (PO2 = 3%) conditions. TS cells were very vulnerable against exposure to hypoxia for 48 h but embryonic stem (ES) cells were very resistant to hypoxiamediated apoptosis. Death of TS cells bears the typical hallmarks of apoptosis as determined by DNA laddering. FGF- 4 and epidermal growth factor (EGF) protected the hypoxia-mediated cell death of trophoblast but granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GMSF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) did not protect. In conclusion, we speculate that the effects of FGF-4 on apoptosis in trophoblasts may play an important role in protecting the placenta from hypoxic injury in pregnancy related with placental hypoperfusion.
Anoxia ; Apoptosis* ; Blastocyst ; Cell Death ; Colony-Stimulating Factors ; DNA ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Fetal Development ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; Placenta ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Stem Cells* ; Trophoblasts*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to (a) synthesize nursing education literature using a smartphone for Korean nursing college students based on Whittemore and Knafl's integrative five-step review method and to (b) evaluate the quality appraisal of each article using Gough's weight of evidence. METHODS: Articles published in Korea were identified through electronic search engines and scholarly websites using a combination of three search terms, including nursing student, smartphone, and education. Scientific, peer-reviewed articles in nursing education for Korean college nursing students, written in Korean or in English, and published between January 2000 and May 2018 were included in this review. Thirteen papers met the inclusion criteria and had above average ratings in quality appraisals. RESULTS: Three characteristics related to nursing education using a smartphone were derived: (a) as a familiar media, motivating learning and enabling self-directed learning, (b) for the purpose of education or evaluation utilizing the educational movie of application, and (c) the iterative exercise of smartphone usage reinforces student learning. CONCLUSION: Smartphone use is an effective tool for improving nursing knowledge and skills for nursing college students in nursing education. Future research is needed to standardize smartphone applications across schools for nursing education.
Education ; Education, Nursing* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Learning ; Methods ; Nursing* ; Search Engine ; Smartphone* ; Students, Nursing

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of folic acid supplementation in high-fructose-induced hepatic steatosis and clarify the underlying mechanism of folic acid supplementation.MATERIALS/METHODS: Male SD rats were fed control, 64% high-fructose diet, or 64% high-fructose diet with folic acid for eight weeks. Plasma glutamate-pyruvate transaminase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, lipid profiles, hepatic lipid content, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) were measured. RESULTS: The HF diet significantly increased hepatic total lipid and triglyceride (TG) and decreased hepatic SAM, SAH, and SAM:SAH ratio. In rats fed a high fructose diet, folic acid supplementation significantly reduced hepatic TG, increased hepatic SAM, and alleviated hepatic steatosis. Moreover, folic acid supplementation in rats fed high fructose enhanced the levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and liver kinase B (LKB1) and inhibited phosphorylation of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) in the liver. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the protective effect of folic acid supplementation in rats fed high fructose may include the activation of LKB1/AMPK/ACC and increased SAM in the liver, which inhibit hepatic lipogenesis, thus ameliorating hepatic steatosis. The present study may provide evidence for the beneficial effects of folic acid supplementation in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine factors influencing the anxiety levels of MZ generation workers, including occupational stress, social problem solving, work as meaning, and work-life balance. Methods: This study used secondary data from 503 MZ generation workers which was originally collected in a mental health study of workers applying machine learning techniques. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression analysis with SPSS 26. Results: Results indicated that the job demand and job insecurity subscales of occupational stress, negative problem orientation, avoidance style, and impulsive & careless style of social problem solving scale were identified as significant factors that increased anxiety. In contrast, the job control subscale of occupational stress, work-life balance, the greater good motivation subscale of work as meaning, and positive problem orientation of social problem solving scale were identified as important factors that reduced anxiety. These factors collectively explained approximately 49% of the variance in anxiety among MZ generation workers. Conclusion The findings suggest that it is essential to manage occupational stress with an optimistic perspective, develop social problem solving skills with a sense of meaning at work and maintain a great work-life balance to reduce anxiety among MZ generation workers.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine factors influencing the anxiety levels of MZ generation workers, including occupational stress, social problem solving, work as meaning, and work-life balance. Methods: This study used secondary data from 503 MZ generation workers which was originally collected in a mental health study of workers applying machine learning techniques. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression analysis with SPSS 26. Results: Results indicated that the job demand and job insecurity subscales of occupational stress, negative problem orientation, avoidance style, and impulsive & careless style of social problem solving scale were identified as significant factors that increased anxiety. In contrast, the job control subscale of occupational stress, work-life balance, the greater good motivation subscale of work as meaning, and positive problem orientation of social problem solving scale were identified as important factors that reduced anxiety. These factors collectively explained approximately 49% of the variance in anxiety among MZ generation workers. Conclusion The findings suggest that it is essential to manage occupational stress with an optimistic perspective, develop social problem solving skills with a sense of meaning at work and maintain a great work-life balance to reduce anxiety among MZ generation workers.

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between nurse's character and happiness for nurses in general hospitals. METHODS: Participants were 139 nurses working in general hospitals. A survey was used and data were collected in April 2019. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. RESULTS: The significant predictors for the happiness of nurses were nurse's character (β=.56) and resilience (β=.80). These variables explained 67% of the variance in happiness of nurses. Also, resilience had a total mediating effect on the relationship between nurse's character and happiness. CONCLUSION Findings indicate that nurse's character and resilience are important factors for the happiness of nurses in general hospitals.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine factors influencing the anxiety levels of MZ generation workers, including occupational stress, social problem solving, work as meaning, and work-life balance. Methods: This study used secondary data from 503 MZ generation workers which was originally collected in a mental health study of workers applying machine learning techniques. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression analysis with SPSS 26. Results: Results indicated that the job demand and job insecurity subscales of occupational stress, negative problem orientation, avoidance style, and impulsive & careless style of social problem solving scale were identified as significant factors that increased anxiety. In contrast, the job control subscale of occupational stress, work-life balance, the greater good motivation subscale of work as meaning, and positive problem orientation of social problem solving scale were identified as important factors that reduced anxiety. These factors collectively explained approximately 49% of the variance in anxiety among MZ generation workers. Conclusion The findings suggest that it is essential to manage occupational stress with an optimistic perspective, develop social problem solving skills with a sense of meaning at work and maintain a great work-life balance to reduce anxiety among MZ generation workers.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine factors influencing the anxiety levels of MZ generation workers, including occupational stress, social problem solving, work as meaning, and work-life balance. Methods: This study used secondary data from 503 MZ generation workers which was originally collected in a mental health study of workers applying machine learning techniques. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression analysis with SPSS 26. Results: Results indicated that the job demand and job insecurity subscales of occupational stress, negative problem orientation, avoidance style, and impulsive & careless style of social problem solving scale were identified as significant factors that increased anxiety. In contrast, the job control subscale of occupational stress, work-life balance, the greater good motivation subscale of work as meaning, and positive problem orientation of social problem solving scale were identified as important factors that reduced anxiety. These factors collectively explained approximately 49% of the variance in anxiety among MZ generation workers. Conclusion The findings suggest that it is essential to manage occupational stress with an optimistic perspective, develop social problem solving skills with a sense of meaning at work and maintain a great work-life balance to reduce anxiety among MZ generation workers.