PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the causes of hemoptysis in a pediatric age group. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients who were admitted to Samsung Medical Center between 1996 and 2008 with a chief complaint of hemoptysis. Patients with trauma or underlying bleeding tendency such as leukemia were excluded. Patients were divided into three groups according to age (0 to 5 yr, 6 to 10 yr, and 11 to 18 yr). The amount of hemoptysis was classified as mild (< or =20 mL/day), moderate (20-100 mL/day), or massive (>100 mL/day). Causes and duration of hemoptysis, disease course, and mortality were also investigated. RESULTS: A total of 40 patients (18 males and 22 females) were identified. Their median age was 6.3 yr (range, 10 months to 18 yr). Twenty-five patients manifested mild hemoptysis; moderate and massive hemoptysis were found in nine and six patients, respectively. Respiratory tract infection was the most common cause of hemoptysis. Other causes included congenital heart disease, Heiner syndrome, neoplasm in the airway, vasculitis syndrome, and bronchiectasis. In most patients (87.5%), hemoptysis disappeared during medical treatment that included antibiotics or transfusion. Hemoptysis recurred in 12 patients, and the overall mortality rate was 5%. CONCLUSIONS: The most common cause of hemoptysis in children was respiratory tract infection. Most cases had a benign course, but recurrence and mortality occurred in a minority of patients. An accurate diagnosis of the underlying etiology is essential for treatment.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bronchiectasis ; Child ; Heart Diseases ; Hemoptysis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Male ; Recurrence ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Retrospective Studies ; Vasculitis

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the causes of hemoptysis in a pediatric age group. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients who were admitted to Samsung Medical Center between 1996 and 2008 with a chief complaint of hemoptysis. Patients with trauma or underlying bleeding tendency such as leukemia were excluded. Patients were divided into three groups according to age (0 to 5 yr, 6 to 10 yr, and 11 to 18 yr). The amount of hemoptysis was classified as mild (< or =20 mL/day), moderate (20-100 mL/day), or massive (>100 mL/day). Causes and duration of hemoptysis, disease course, and mortality were also investigated. RESULTS: A total of 40 patients (18 males and 22 females) were identified. Their median age was 6.3 yr (range, 10 months to 18 yr). Twenty-five patients manifested mild hemoptysis; moderate and massive hemoptysis were found in nine and six patients, respectively. Respiratory tract infection was the most common cause of hemoptysis. Other causes included congenital heart disease, Heiner syndrome, neoplasm in the airway, vasculitis syndrome, and bronchiectasis. In most patients (87.5%), hemoptysis disappeared during medical treatment that included antibiotics or transfusion. Hemoptysis recurred in 12 patients, and the overall mortality rate was 5%. CONCLUSIONS: The most common cause of hemoptysis in children was respiratory tract infection. Most cases had a benign course, but recurrence and mortality occurred in a minority of patients. An accurate diagnosis of the underlying etiology is essential for treatment.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bronchiectasis ; Child ; Heart Diseases ; Hemoptysis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Male ; Recurrence ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Retrospective Studies ; Vasculitis

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed at identifying the difference in the risk of microalbuminuria among individuals with various obesity phenotypes in terms of metabolic health and obesity. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 15,268 individuals and used data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey conducted from 2011 to 2014. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. Metabolically unhealthy was defined as meeting two or more of the following criteria: systolic and diastolic blood pressure ≥130/85 mm Hg or current use of hypertensive drugs; triglyceride level ≥150 mg/dL; high-density lipoprotein level < 40/50 mg/dL (in both men and women); and fasting blood glucose level ≥100 mg/dL or current use of oral antidiabetic medications. The participants were further classified into four subgroups: metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy non-obese (MUNO), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). RESULTS: A significant difference was observed in the microalbuminuria ratio among the four groups. The MHNO group was considered as the reference group, and the MHO, MUNO, and MUO groups were at an increased risk for microalbuminuria by 1.42 fold (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.03–1.96), 2.02 fold (95% CI, 1.61–2.53), and 3.40 fold (95% CI, 2.70–4.26), respectively, after adjusting confounding factors. CONCLUSION: The MUNO group had a higher risk of developing microalbuminuria than the MHNO group. Thus, based on this result, differences were observed in the risk of developing microalbuminuria among individuals with various obesity subtypes.
Albuminuria ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Creatinine ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Fasting ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Obesity* ; Phenotype* ; Triglycerides

Cow's milk is one of the most common food allergens in children with atopic dermatitis (AD). This study was conducted to describe the natural course of cow's milk allergy in children with AD, and to identify factors predictive of outcome. To accomplish this, we reviewed the medical records of 115 children who were diagnosed with AD and cow's milk allergy before 24 months of age to evaluate their clinical characteristics and prognostic factors. During a follow-up period of 24 to114 months, the median age for tolerance to cow's milk was found to be 67 months. Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model revealed that the peak cow's milk-specific IgE level within 24 months after birth was the most important factor for prediction of the outcome of cow's milk allergy. In conclusion, half of the children younger than 24 months of age with AD and cow's milk allergy could tolerate cow's milk at 67 months of age. The peak cow's milk-specific IgE level within the first 24 months of birth is useful to predict the prognosis of cow's milk allergy in children with AD.
Animals ; Cattle ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dermatitis, Atopic/complications/*diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunoglobulin E/blood ; Infant ; Male ; Milk/immunology ; Milk Hypersensitivity/complications/*diagnosis ; Odds Ratio ; Prognosis ; Time Factors

Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is one of the most prevalent unmet psychosocial needs. This study aimed to confirm the cultural equivalence, reliability, and validity of the Korean version of Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (K-FCRI). We conducted a forward–backward translation of the English version FCRI to Korean version through meticulous process including transcultural equivalence test. The psychometric property of the K-FCRI was then validated in 444 survivors from cancers at various sites. The Korean translation was accepted well by participants. There was a good cultural equivalence between the Korean version and the English version of FCRI. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the original seven-factor structure with slightly insufficient level of goodness-of-fit indices (comparative fit index = 0.900, non-normed fit index = 0.893, root mean square error of approximation = 0.060). The K-FCRI had high internal consistency (α = 0.85 for total scale and α = 0.77–0.87 for subscales) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.90 for total scale and r = 0.54–0.84 for subscales). The K-FCRI had significant correlations with the Korean version of Fear of Progression Questionnaire, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Version 3.0, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Fatigue Severity Score, supporting the good construct validity and psychometric properties of K-FCRI. The K-FCRI was confirmed as a valid and reliable psychometric test for measuring FCR of Korean survivors from cancers at various sites.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Psychometrics ; Quality of Life ; Recurrence* ; Reproducibility of Results ; Survivors

BACKGROUND: Based on scientific evidence, the Korean National Health Examination recommends age 40 as an appropriate time for screening. However, awareness of the health examination itself or of the appropriate age for screening has not been discussed extensively with examinees. This study aims to evaluate the perception about age at the start and end of periodic health examinations (PHE). METHODS: A self-administered survey was completed by 887 subjects who visited either the health promotion center or the outpatient clinic at a university hospital in Korea between February 15 and May 18, 2016. Participants were divided into two groups: 587 were periodic health examinees, and 300 were visitors to the family medicine clinic. Their awareness of PHE was compared using the Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Both groups had similar (P>0.05) perceptions regarding the awareness, knowledge and usefulness of the PHE. Both groups preferred to continue taking a PHE with no upper limit on the age when it could be taken. This tendency was more prominent among subjects with higher levels of education and household income. In both groups with individuals under age 50 said that the appropriate age to begin screening is 40 or younger. CONCLUSIONS: The perception regarding the ages at which to start and end the PHE was confirmed according to the subject of visit; a wider range of appropriate ages was preferred than is included in the current recommendations.
Age Factors ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Health Promotion ; Health Services ; Humans ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Mass Screening ; Socioeconomic Factors