PURPOSE: This study was to explore situations that might put the middle-aged Korean-Chinese female migrant workers at risk for work-related musculoskeletal diseases (WMSDs). At the development phase of a continuing health project, the study aimed to clarify health promotion program needs of the migrant population. METHODS: A qualitative description research design was used with three focus groups of 23 Korean-Chinese female migrant workers. Each focus group interview was conducted for 70-minutes using semi-structured interview guidelines. The data were analyzed using directed qualitative content analysis techniques. RESULTS: The majority of the participants were household workers and their work included heavy material handling, standing for a long time, and working in awkward postures. They experienced discrimination from employers, lack of control at work, limitations in open-communication, job insecurity, and acculturation. They had needs to have health promotion programs for preventing and managing chronic diseases, depression and menopause as well as WMSDs. CONCLUSION: The participants were situated in work environments with physical demanding tasks, acculturative and job-related stress and lack of opportunities to participate in health promotion programs. It is suggested to develop a comprehensive program to better meet the needs of middle-aged Korean-Chinese female migrant workers rather than targeting the reduction of WMSDs.
Acculturation ; Chronic Disease ; Depression ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Focus Groups ; Handling (Psychology) ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Menopause ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Posture ; Research Design ; Risk Factors ; Transients and Migrants

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify relationships between acculturation, social network, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among Korean-Chinese immigrants. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 147 Korean-Chinese immigrants who were residing more than 1 year in Korea. Physical and mental dimensions of HRQOL were assessed by Short Form-12 Health Survey that consisted of a physical component summary (PCS) and a mental component summary (MCS). Data were analyzed with Pearson's correlation and multiple regression. RESULTS: The mean PCS score was 41.14+/-10.72 and the mean MCS score was 49.09+/-11.31 (possible range 10-70). Depression (beta=-6.43) and Social network frequency (beta=2.44) explained 28.4% of the variance in PCS while depression (beta=-11.54) and visiting clinic/hospital (beta=-4.00) explained 34.3% of the variance in MCS. Acculturation was not significantly associated with HRQOL. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that the social network frequency influences HRQOL among Korean-Chinese Immigrants. The findings suggest that social network analysis should be considered in the process of developing health intervention strategies for Korean-Chinese immigrants.
Acculturation* ; Depression ; Emigrants and Immigrants* ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Korea ; Quality of Life*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to describe the cultural competence among community health practitioners (CHPs). METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used with a convenience sample of 257 CHPs. Data collection was conducted with a structured questionnaire, including Cultural Competence Assessment. Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA with the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. RESULTS: Most participants reported a moderate level of cultural competence (M=3.0, SD=0.41). Scores for culturally competent behaviors were high (M=3.4, SD=0.48) and cultural knowledge scores were low (M=2.6, SD=0.54). Those CHPs who were living with their family, were working in rural area, and had more opportunities to contact with multicultural patients and experience abroad showed significantly higher cultural competence. CONCLUSION: The findings support the need for future education and training to enhance CHPs' cultural competence.
Community Health Nursing ; Cultural Competency ; Data Collection ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify correlations among emotional labor, servant leadership, and communication competence in hospital nurses. METHODS: A self-administrated survey was conducted with a convenient sample of 210 nurses, using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. RESULTS: The mean emotional labor score was 3.4+/-0.60. There was very strong and negative correlation between emotional labor and servant leadership (r=-.896, p<.001). Communication competence was positively correlated with servant leadership (r=.298, p<.001) and moderately and negatively correlated with both frequency of emotional labor (r=-.166, p=.016) and the degree of attention to emotional expression (r=-.143, p=.039). CONCLUSION: As a strategy to reduce emotional labor of hospital nurses, the findings suggest training programs for nurses to enhance servant leadership and communication competence.
Education ; Leadership* ; Mental Competency* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the social determinants of health (SDH) associated with health-related quality of life (HQOL) among the community-dwelling elderly, based on the conceptual framework of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH). METHODS: A survey was conducted with 199 elders aged 65 years or older sampled through convenient sampling. Data were collected through face to face interviews by trained interviewers using a structured questionnaire, which included scales of the residential area, social support, sense of community, social network, health behaviors, and HQOL. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and stepwise multivariate regression. RESULTS: Major SDH affecting HQOL included the participants' residential area, sense of community, and health behavior. The HQOL of the elderly residing in the B area with a low rate of basic livelihood security recipients was higher than that of those residing in other areas. CONCLUSION: CSDH framework was useful to determine the factors associated with HQOL among the community-dwelling elderly. In addition to their health behavior, their sense of community was found to be a SDH of HQOL, indicating the need of health promotion programs tailored to the characteristics of residential areas and strategies to enhance involvement in community activities.
Aged* ; Health Behavior ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Quality of Life* ; Social Determinants of Health* ; Weights and Measures ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to identify successful strategies and propose a community-based participatory global health project model for primary health care capacity development. METHODS: The study used case study methodology. A unit of analysis was an international cooperation health project entitled "Community-based Primary Health Care Improvement in San Lorenzo, Ecuador" using community-based participatory research conducted in 2007~2008. Data were collected through windshield surveys, focus group discussion, and provider surveys. RESULTS: Identified successful strategies for the international cooperation health project were reciprocal partnerships between researchers and community, partners' capacity building, south-to-south cooperation, and continuous monitoring and feedback. Community participation was found to be an essential tenet to guarantee the improvement of primary health care in the underserved rural community. Evidence from the activities of community health practitioners in Korea was applicable to the development of training programs for primary health care providers in Ecuador. CONCLUSION: Strategies for primary health care capacity development may be tailored depending on socio-cultural, political, and economical situations of each country. The model, however, would be applicable to the entire process of community-based global health projects in underserved rural communities of other countries.
Capacity Building ; Community-Based Participatory Research ; Consumer Participation ; Ecuador* ; Education ; Focus Groups ; International Cooperation ; Korea ; Primary Health Care* ; Rural Population*

PURPOSE: The study aimed to identify factors influencing work-life balance in female service workers. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with an online survey of 234 service workers using volunteer panels. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire from July 16 to 24, 2017. Major variables included work-life balance, resilience, emotional intelligence, job stress, and fatigue. Using the SPSS 24.0 program, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted. RESULTS: The mean score of the work-life balance level of female service workers was 2.9±0.85 on a total score of 6. A multiple regression analysis revealed that smoking, resilience, job stress and fatigue were statistically significant factors in the model (p<.001), with an explanatory power of 50.3%. Emotional intelligence was not significantly associated with work-life balance. CONCLUSION: The level of work-life balance was considerably low in female service workers. This study suggests that nursing interventions to enhance work-life balance are required at both the individual and organizational levels.
Emotional Intelligence ; Fatigue ; Female* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Volunteers

PURPOSE: This study was done to assess the level of physical activity among Chinese immigrant women and to determine the relationships of physical activity with individual characteristics and behavior-specific cognition. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 161 Chinese immigrant women living in Busan. A health promotion model of physical activity adapted from Pender's Health Promotion Model was used. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data during the period from September 25 to November 20, 2012. Using SPSS 18.0 program, descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were done. RESULTS: The average level of physical activity of the Chinese immigrant women was 1,050.06+/-686.47 MET-min/week and the minimum activity among types of physical activity was most dominant (59.6%). As a result of multiple regression analysis, it was confirmed that self-efficacy and acculturation were statistically significant variables in the model (p<.001), with an explanatory power of 23.7%. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the development and application of intervention strategies to increase acculturation and self-efficacy for immigrant women will aid in increasing the physical activity in Chinese immigrant women.
Acculturation ; Adult ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Emigrants and Immigrants/*psychology/*statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical ; *Motor Activity ; Questionnaires ; Self Efficacy ; Social Support ; Women/*psychology

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study >was to examine the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) and to identify the relationship between work-related psychosocial and acculturative factors and WMSDs among Korean-Chinese workers living in Korea. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 195 Korean-Chinese workers who have worked full-time for the past 6 months. A structured questionnaire, including measures for musculoskeletal symptoms, physical demand, work-related psychosocial(job demand, job control, interpersonal conflict), acculturative (acculturation strategy and acculturative stress), and personal factors, was used. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were conducted using the SPSS WIN 17.0. RESULTS: The prevalence of WMSDs was 64.1%. In comparison to Korean workers, job demand of this group was lower while both interpersonal conflict and lack of job control were higher among them. Integration was the most commonly used acculturation strategy and mean scores of acculturative stress were below the median. Acculturative stress was positively correlated with integration and assimilation while negatively correlated with separation and marginalization. Interpersonal conflict and integration appeared to be related to WMSDs among male and female Korean-Chinese workers, respectively. CONCLUSION: The WMSD interventions need to be planned in consideration of different influences of work-related psychosocial and acculturative factors on WMSDs by gender.
Acculturation ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Transients and Migrants

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine factors related to burnout of nurses at hemato-oncology wards. METHODS: The participants were 134 nurses working at hematology-oncology wards in three tertiary general hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that consisted of personal characteristics, occupational stress, satisfaction and burnout. Using a SPSS/WIN 12.0 program, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression procedures were employed. RESULTS: The mean score of burnout reported by the participants was 3.15 +/- 0.50 (range 1~5), showing the highest scores in the area of physical burnout (3.53 +/- 0.57). The satisfaction with nursing profession was found to be the most impact on the burnout of the hematology-oncology ward nurses (beta=-.533), followed by occupational stress (beta=.351) and years of clinical experiences (beta=-.154). CONCLUSION: Given the findings, the sorts of strategies to increase the satisfaction with nursing profession and decrease their occupational stress are required, particularly for newly employed nurses.
Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires