The diagnostic and prognostic potential of an onco-metabolite, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) as a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) detectable biomarker of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutated (IDH-MT) gliomas has drawn attention of neuroradiologists recently. However, due to severe spectral overlap with background signals, quantification of 2HG can be very challenging. In this technical review for neuroradiologists, first, the biochemistry of 2HG and its significance in the diagnosis of IDH-MT gliomas are summarized. Secondly, various 1H-MRS methods used in the previous studies are outlined. Finally, wereview previous in vivo studies, and discuss the current status of 1H-MRS in the diagnosis of IDH-MT gliomas.
Biochemistry ; Diagnosis ; Glioma* ; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy* ; Protons*

We developed an identifier mapping application for bioinformatics research in Java programming language. It is easy to use and provides many usability functionalities that are expected as essentials for a professional application. It supports three widely used mapping services and can convert many ids from one source database into many target databases at once. Id mapping across service providers is possible by remapping the resultant ids. Because it adheres to the NetBeans platform architecture, it can be incorporated into other NetBeans platform applications as an id mapping provider without adaption or modification.
Computational Biology ; Indonesia ; Programming Languages

PURPOSE: A numerical method of designing a multiple quantum filter (MQF) is presented for the optimum detection of myo-inositol (mI), an important brain metabolite, by using in vivo proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)HMRS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Starting from the characterization of the metabolite, the filter design includes the optimization of the sequence parameters such as the two echo times (TEs), the mixing time (TM), and the flip angle and offset frequency of the 3rd 90 degrees pulse which converts multiple quantum coherences (MQCs) back into single quantum coherences (SQCs). The optimized filter was then tested both in phantom and in human brains. RESULTS: The results demonstrate that the proposed MQF can improve the signal-tobackground ratio of the target metabolite by a factor of more than three by effectively suppressing the signal from the background metabolites. CONCLUSION: By incorporating a numerical method into the design of MQFs in 1HMRS the spectral integrity of a target metabolite, in particular, with a complicated spin system can be substantially enhanced.
Brain ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Protons ; Spectrum Analysis

Background: Most epidemiological studies depend on the subjects' response to asthma symptom questionnaires. Questionnaire-based study for childhood asthma prevalence may overestimate the true prevalence. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of “Current asthma” using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire and methacholine challenge test in Korean children. Methods: Our survey on allergic disease included 4,791 children (age 7–12 years) from 2010 to 2014 in Korean elementary schools. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) was defined as provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (PC20) ≤ 16 mg/mL. “Current asthma symptoms” was defined as positive response to “Wheezing, current,” “Treatment, current,” or “Exercise, current.” “Current asthma” was defined when the subjects with “Current asthma symptoms” showed BHR on the methacholine challenge test or had less than 70% of predicted FEV1 value. Results: The prevalence of “Wheezing, ever,” “Wheezing, current,” “Diagnosis, ever,” “Treatment, current,” “Exercise, current,” and “Current asthma symptoms” was 19.6%, 6.9%, 10.0%, 3.3%, 3.5%, and 9.6%, respectively, in our cross-sectional study of Korean elementary school students. The prevalence of BHR in elementary school students was 14.5%. The prevalence of BHR in children with “Wheezing, ever,” “Wheezing, current,” “Diagnosis, ever,” “Treatment, current,” and “Exercise, current” was 22.3%, 30.5%, 22.4%, 28.8%, and 29.9%, respectively. BHR was 26.1% in those with “Current asthma symptoms.”The prevalence of “Current asthma” was 2.7%. Conclusions Our large-scale study provides 2.7% prevalence of current asthma in Korean elementary school children. Since approximately one third of the children who have “Current asthma symptoms” present BHR, both subjective and objective methods are required to accurately predict asthma in subjects with asthma symptoms.

Kimura disease is characterized by painless subcutaneous masses, usually in the head and neck area as well as serum/tissue eosinophilia and elevated serum IgE levels. Various treatment methods, such as surgical excision, corticosteroids, and radiotherapy, have been suggested, but none of these are considered standard therapy due to high recurrence rates. Dupilumab is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to the alpha subunit of IL-4 receptor for IL-4 and IL-13 and inhibits T helper 2 (Th2) response, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, asthma, and nasal polyps. Kimura disease has also been shown to increase CD4+Th2 cells and Th2 cytokines. We report a case of a 12-year-old boy who had subcutaneous neck and orbital masses of Kimura disease concurrent with allergic rhinitis, decreased lung function, and IgG subclass deficiency. The masses did not improve with omalizumab or immunomodulatory agents, but resolved with dupilumab. Considering potential side effects of steroids or immunosuppressant agents, dupilumab may be an option for initial treatment with Kimura diseases in children.

Background: Most epidemiological studies depend on the subjects' response to asthma symptom questionnaires. Questionnaire-based study for childhood asthma prevalence may overestimate the true prevalence. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of “Current asthma” using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire and methacholine challenge test in Korean children. Methods: Our survey on allergic disease included 4,791 children (age 7–12 years) from 2010 to 2014 in Korean elementary schools. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) was defined as provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (PC20) ≤ 16 mg/mL. “Current asthma symptoms” was defined as positive response to “Wheezing, current,” “Treatment, current,” or “Exercise, current.” “Current asthma” was defined when the subjects with “Current asthma symptoms” showed BHR on the methacholine challenge test or had less than 70% of predicted FEV1 value. Results: The prevalence of “Wheezing, ever,” “Wheezing, current,” “Diagnosis, ever,” “Treatment, current,” “Exercise, current,” and “Current asthma symptoms” was 19.6%, 6.9%, 10.0%, 3.3%, 3.5%, and 9.6%, respectively, in our cross-sectional study of Korean elementary school students. The prevalence of BHR in elementary school students was 14.5%. The prevalence of BHR in children with “Wheezing, ever,” “Wheezing, current,” “Diagnosis, ever,” “Treatment, current,” and “Exercise, current” was 22.3%, 30.5%, 22.4%, 28.8%, and 29.9%, respectively. BHR was 26.1% in those with “Current asthma symptoms.”The prevalence of “Current asthma” was 2.7%. Conclusions Our large-scale study provides 2.7% prevalence of current asthma in Korean elementary school children. Since approximately one third of the children who have “Current asthma symptoms” present BHR, both subjective and objective methods are required to accurately predict asthma in subjects with asthma symptoms.

Objectives: This study identifies factors for differential diagnosis among lesions by retrospectively comparing panoramic and cone-beam computed tomography images and analyzing the characteristics of lesions associated with impacted mandibular third molars (IMTs). Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients who simultaneously underwent IMT extraction surgery and related benign tumor resection or cyst enucleation at our institution from 2017 to 2021. To compare the characteristics of each group, two comparative analyses were conducted. The first comparison considered the most frequently observed lesions associated with IMTs: dentigerous cysts, odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), and ameloblastoma. The second comparison involved placing dentigerous cysts, which have a relatively low recurrence rate, into group A and placing OKC, ameloblastoma, and odontogenic myxoma, which have high recurrence rates, into group B. Results: Significant differences in the size of the lesion were found in the order of ameloblastoma, OKC, and dentigerous cyst (P<0.05). The buccolingual width of ameloblastoma differed significantly from that of the other groups, with no significant difference observed between the OKCs and dentigerous cysts (P=0.083). Conclusion Patient age and lesion size differed significantly among lesion types associated with IMTs, with younger age and larger lesions for OKCs and odontogenic tumors. OKCs are likely to have a larger mesiodistal width than dentigerous cysts. The buccolingual width of ameloblastomas was larger than those of dentigerous cysts and OKCs.

Toxic megacolon is a rare clinical complication of fulminant Clostridium difficile infection. The mortality rate of fulminant C. difficile infection is reported to be as high as 50%. Fecal microbiota transplantation is a highly effective treatment in patients with recurrent or refractory C. difficile infection. However, there are few published articles on the use of such transplantation for fulminant C. difficile infection. Here, we report on a patient with toxic megacolon complicated by C. difficile infection who was treated successfully with fecal microbiota transplantation.
Aged ; *Clostridium difficile ; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/*complications ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/*methods ; Feces/*microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Megacolon, Toxic/*microbiology/*therapy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Bleeding is one of the major complications of a colorectal polypectomy. The aim of this study was to identify the risk of delayed bleeding, particularly after a colorectal endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) without prophylactic clipping.METHODS: Between April 2014 and August 2014, patients who underwent colorectal EMR (≥6 mm and < 2 cm) without prophylactic clipping were included. This study evaluated the incidence of delayed bleeding and the associated factors after colorectal EMR without prophylactic clipping.RESULTS: A total of 717 colorectal polyps (≥6 mm and < 2 cm) of 243 patients resected by colorectal EMR in the study period were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 63 years; 165 patients were men and 78 patients were women. The mean polyp size removed by colorectal EMR was 9.0 mm (range 6.0–19.0), and the number of polyps larger than 1 cm was 212 (29.6%). Delayed bleeding after colorectal EMR occurred in 12 polyps (1.7%) in eight patients (3.3%), and there were no significant risk factors affecting delayed bleeding.CONCLUSIONS: This study identified that the incidence of delayed bleeding on colorectal polyps (≥6 mm and < 2 cm) after EMR without prophylactic clipping was 3.3%, but no significant risk factors affecting delayed bleeding were found.
Colonic Polyps ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Observational Study ; Polyps ; Risk Factors

A 48-year-old male visited the emergency room of the authors' hospital due to nausea, vomiting, and myalgia for four days. Acute hepatitis A was identified from the serologic marker of the hepatitis A virus. Mild elevation of the serum creatinine and creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) suggested rhabomyolysis, which was confirmed with the serum aldolase, myoglobin, and urine myoglobin. With supportive care, both the liver and renal functions were recovered gradually and fully. This case shows that rhabdomyolysis can be one of the mechanisms of renal complication in cases of acute symptomatic hepatitis A.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Creatinine ; Emergencies ; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis A ; Hepatitis A virus ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myoglobin ; Nausea ; Rhabdomyolysis ; Vomiting