No abstract available.
Adrenalectomy* ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia* ; Pheochromocytoma*

Anxiety symptoms and disorders frequently coexist in patients with major depression. Two conditions show extentive overlap with respect to symptomatology and a spectrum of disorders. The majority of patients were found to have mixed mixed anxiety-depressive syndrome(42.3%) or depression with comorbid anxiety(19.2%), with only 12.8% of the population having anxiety alone and 10.3% having depression alone. Moreover, the diagnosis of two disodders can be exchanged sometimes. Thus, anxiety and depression can not think over as a completely separate entities, especially for the treatment of two disorders. The presence of anxiety symptoms or disorders has been found to be associated with increased seveity and poorer outcomes of depression. including an increased risk of suicide, higher helplessness, poorer prognosis, more chronic course, more functional and psychosocial impairment. However, there is no confirmative pathogenesis for the anxious depression. Maybe it is supposed for the interactions of the neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine. All the antidepressants and anxiolytics can be used for the treatment of anxious depression, eventhough venalfaxine, mirtazapine & SSRIs were recommended for the first choice recently. However, TCAs and Benzodiazepines have some limits in the side of the adversive effects, addiction and the risk of suicide. Thu, benzodiazepines have to be used as a adjunctives or shortterm trial for the control of anxiety. Cognitive behavioral therapy is useful way to treat the anxious depression, however, it might be effective with pharmacotherapy. St. John's wort as a herbal medicine, rapide Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(rTMS), Vagus Nerve Stimulation(VNS) will be applied in the future time.
Anti-Anxiety Agents ; Antidepressive Agents ; Anxiety ; Benzodiazepines ; Cognitive Therapy ; Depression* ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Herbal Medicine ; Humans ; Hypericum ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Norepinephrine ; Prognosis ; Serotonin ; Suicide ; Vagus Nerve

Anxiety symptoms and disorders frequently coexist in patients with major depression. Two conditions show extentive overlap with respect to symptomatology and a spectrum of disorders. The majority of patients were found to have mixed mixed anxiety-depressive syndrome(42.3%) or depression with comorbid anxiety(19.2%), with only 12.8% of the population having anxiety alone and 10.3% having depression alone. Moreover, the diagnosis of two disodders can be exchanged sometimes. Thus, anxiety and depression can not think over as a completely separate entities, especially for the treatment of two disorders. The presence of anxiety symptoms or disorders has been found to be associated with increased seveity and poorer outcomes of depression. including an increased risk of suicide, higher helplessness, poorer prognosis, more chronic course, more functional and psychosocial impairment. However, there is no confirmative pathogenesis for the anxious depression. Maybe it is supposed for the interactions of the neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine. All the antidepressants and anxiolytics can be used for the treatment of anxious depression, eventhough venalfaxine, mirtazapine & SSRIs were recommended for the first choice recently. However, TCAs and Benzodiazepines have some limits in the side of the adversive effects, addiction and the risk of suicide. Thu, benzodiazepines have to be used as a adjunctives or shortterm trial for the control of anxiety. Cognitive behavioral therapy is useful way to treat the anxious depression, however, it might be effective with pharmacotherapy. St. John's wort as a herbal medicine, rapide Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(rTMS), Vagus Nerve Stimulation(VNS) will be applied in the future time.
Anti-Anxiety Agents ; Antidepressive Agents ; Anxiety ; Benzodiazepines ; Cognitive Therapy ; Depression* ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Herbal Medicine ; Humans ; Hypericum ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Norepinephrine ; Prognosis ; Serotonin ; Suicide ; Vagus Nerve

No abstract available.
Chromium* ; Micronucleus Tests*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Bacteria* ; Carcinoma, Lewis Lung* ; Lactic Acid* ; Mice* ; Sarcoma 180* ; Sarcoma*

Fracture of the femoral neck occurred after internal fixation of intertrochanteric fracture of the femur is very rare and have been described previously in terms of stress fracture, stress-riser fracture, Youngs modulus fracture or iatrogenic fracture in the literature. This fracture documented about 20 cases in the English literature and usually occurred in elderly patients with osteoporosis and it always occur in the subcapital region. We report a case of subcapital stress fracture of the femur occurred after internal fixation with compression hip screw of intertrochanteric femur fracture.
Aged ; Elastic Modulus ; Femur Neck ; Femur* ; Fractures, Stress* ; Hip ; Humans ; Osteoporosis

Open carpal tunnel release surgery has heen the gold standard method of treatment for who did not respond to conservative treatment and whose neurologic symptoms were progressive. However, open carpal tunnel release using a standard incision frequently associated with delayed return of hand function, residual scar tenderness and pillar pain. So, two new alternative methods such as endoscopic carpal tunnel release and limited incision technique have developed. To define the role of the limited two incision technique, we anaiyzed the postoperative functional results of 40 cases in 33 patients. The patients were divided in two groups. Group A was standard incision group (23 cases in 19 patients) and Group B was limited two incision group (l7 cases in 14 patients). The postoperative functional results were analyzed statistically using chi-square test at postoperative 3, 6, 9 and l2 weeks. There were no significant differences in reliet of numbness and paresthesias in both groups. There was a statistically significant difference in relief of scar tenderness and pillar pain at postoperative 3 and 6 weeks in Group B. There was no significant complication in both groups. We can conclude that the limited two incision technique of carpal tunnel release is a safe procedure which allows rapid return of hand functions with reduced incidence of scar tenderness in the early postoperative stages.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ; Cicatrix ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Incidence ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Paresthesia

The parasympathetic nervous system has been considered to have an important role in bronchospasm. Although vagal reflexes are well documented in animal models of airway hyperresponsiveness, their importance in asthmatic attacks in man is less documented. We report a case of bronchospasm during sclera buckling operation and we believe that this patient's bronchospasm was induced by the vagal reflex.
Anesthetics ; Bronchial Spasm* ; Lung ; Models, Animal ; Parasympathetic Nervous System ; Reflex* ; Sclera

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to compare risperidone(as an atypical antipsychotic) with haloperidol(as a typical antipsychotic), so we examined the clinical effects and changes of plasma HVA, 5-HIAA & HVA/5-HIAA ratio after 8 week of risperidone or haloperidol trial. METHOD: Twenty-six male chronic schizophrenic patients were treated for 8 weeks with risperidone(N=14) and haloperidol(N=12). The duration of wash-out period was 14 days. The psychopathologic assessment was chechked by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) and plasma HVA & 5-HIAA was measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) with electrochemical detector. The checking points were just before drug trial and 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 8th week(total 5 times). RESULTS: 1) Risperidone trial group were more improved than haloperidol tiral group in PANSS scores(total, positive, negative and general psychopathy). 2) Changes of plasma HVA and 5-HIAA in the risperidone and haloperidol trial group were not statistically different. But because baseline 5-HIAA of risperidone trial group was higher than that of haloperidol trial group, the increase of haloperidol trial group would be more. 3) There was significant difference in changes of HVA/5-HIAA ratio between risperidone and haloperidol trial group. But the change of HVA compared with 5-HIAA in risperidone trial group was higher than that of haloperidol trial group. CONCLUSION: These results revealed that risperidone was more effective in clinical symptoms, and suggest that cause of these results may be due to blocking both of dopamine D2 receptors and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors of risperidone.
Haloperidol* ; Humans ; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid* ; Male ; Plasma* ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2 ; Risperidone* ; Tramadol

Superficial gastritis has been classified as a type of chronic gastritis, since a report of Schindler in GASTRLTIS, 1947. Howev~er, Benedict reported that superficial gastritis is only acute gastritis or shows normal mucosa histologically. The com mon endopical findings of chronic superficial gastritis were adherent mucus, edema, redness. The common redness which were encounterd are patchy redness and comb-like redness(Kammrotung). We studied the relationship between the redness of superficial gastritis and acute inflammatory changes histologically. Each case of superfieial gastritis was biopsied to redening and non-redening mucosa respectively. We collected 24 cases with 48 biopsy specimens. The results are as follows: Acute inflammatory changes were found only one case in redness and none in non-redness groups. There was no difference in acute inflammatory changes in two groups. The degree of mucosal atrophy were 62.5%, 66.7% in normal mucosa, 12.5%, 16.7~% in mild atrophy, 25%, 12.5% in moderate atrophy, 0%, 4.l% in severe atrophy with respect to redness and non-redness mucosa respectively. There was no difference in degree of mucosal atrophy in two groups. Mucosal atrophies were higher in older ages above 41 years old than below 40 and with increasing age, there was increasing tendency of mucosal atrophy. In conclusion, There was no relationships between mucosal redness and acute in flammatory changes histologically and also between mucosal redness and degree of atrophy.
Adult ; Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Edema ; Gastritis* ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Mucus