PURPOSE: The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the effects of adding 4,4'-bis(N,N-diethylamino) benzophenone (DEABP) as a co-initiator to a binary photoinitiating system (camphorquinone-amine) to analyze on the degree of conversion (DC) of a light-cured resin for dental 3D printing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cylindrical specimens (N=60, n=30 per group, o5 mm x 1 mm) were fabricated using bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BisGMA) both with and without DEABP. The freshly mixed resins were exposed to light in a custom-made closed chamber with nine light-emitting diode lamps (wavelength: 405 nm; power: 840 mW/cm2) for polymerization at each incidence of light-irradiation at 10, 30, 60, 180, and 300 seconds, while five specimens at a time were evaluated at each given irradiation point. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to measure the DC values of the resins. Two-way analysis of variance and the Duncan post hoc test were used to analyze statistically significant differences between the groups and given times (alpha=.05). RESULTS: In the DEABP-containing resin, the DC values were significantly higher at all points in time (P<.001), and also the initial polymerization velocity was faster than in the DEABP-free resin. CONCLUSION: The addition of DEABP significantly enhanced the DC values and, thus, could potentially become an efficient photoinitiator when combined with a camphorquinone-amine system and may be utilized as a more advanced photopolymerization system for dental 3D printing.
Glycerol ; Incidence ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; Spectrum Analysis

PURPOSE: Angiosarcoma of the scalp is unusual vascular tumor originating from endothelial cell. Angiosarcoma is an aggressive tumor with high propensity for both local recurrence and distant metastasis. We report 2 cases of angiosarcoma having poor prognosis recently. METHODS: Case 1 was a 67-year-old male patient. He visited the hospital with a 3x5cm sized discolored mass in forehead. It began at one month ago from coming to the hospital. Case 2 was a 64-year-old male patient. He visited for our hospital to remove a 4x5cm sized scalp mass. He had a pruritis on scalp from 9 months ago before coming to the hospital. Despite of the conservative treatments, the wound was not healed and advanced necrotic lesion with hemorrhage. RESULTS: Case 1 was diagnosed as an angiosarcoma. He underwent a radical operation 5 times. But the tumor expanded multiple area in dura & frontal area of the brain. The patient rejected the treatment any more. And he died one month later. Case 2 was diagnosed as an angiosarcoma and metastased to skull in MRI. He got a radical resection including cranium. Three months later, it recurred to ipsilateral Sternocleidomastoideus muscle. He got a additional operation & started radiotherapy. And now he is receiving chemotherapy, but the recurred lesion is expanding. CONCLUSION: Angiosarcoma is a highly malignant tumor. Especially it arises in vascularized area, it easily metastases. So it is best to treat angiosarcoma with surgery included wide margins. Despite the small lesion, we remember that angiosarcoma is a tumor that was consider to be metastases.
Aged ; Brain ; Endothelial Cells ; Forehead ; Hemangiosarcoma ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscles ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Pruritus ; Recurrence ; Scalp ; Skull

PURPOSE: To evaluate the CT and US features of the colonic villous tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the CT findings of 11 cases with histologically proved colonic villous tumor. CT parameters evaluated were morphological appearances and enhancing pattern (size, shape, margin, presence or absence of fronds, bowel wall thickening). CT features of six cases with malignant change were compared with five tumors without malignant change. US features available in 10 patients were also analyzed. RESULTS: On CT, thetumors showed irregular margin(n=9), presence of fronds(n=6), lobulated shape(n=11), with pericolonic invasion(n=1). Six cases with malignant change were larger(mean, 6.8cm in diameter) than those without malignant change(mean, 3.3 cm). US features in 10 cases were intraluminal mass(n=5), colonic wall thickening(n=5), with variable echogenicity. CONCLUSIONS: Colonic villous tumor appeared as a nonspecific mass on CT and US with adifficulty in distinguishing from colon carcinoma.
Colon* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis of transplanted/grafted bone is well known in the immediate post bone transplantation/bone grafting period. In limb transplantation, the growth plates in the transplanted limbs retain their longitudinal growth properties. However, there is a paucity of reports on what happens to the bone and the growth potential of the growth plate when limb transplantation between a juvenile donor and an adult recipient is performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten juvenile to juvenile hind limb transplants and five juvenile to adult hind limb transplants were performed in male syngeneic Lewis rats. Osteoporosis in the isochronograft as well as the heterochronograft limbs was measured by 3D micro-CT. In addition, the increase in tibial length, after transplantation was measured and compared with the increase in the tibial length of the opposite non-operated limbs. RESULTS: The 3D CT parameters indicate a significantly inferior bone quality in the heterochronografts compared with the isochronografts. After transplantation, the increase in the tibial length of the isochronografts was similar the increase in length of the opposite juvenile non operated tibiae and the heterochronograft tibias. CONCLUSION: Age is a significant factor that affects the bone quality, resulting in post transplant osteoporosis in heterochronografts compared with isochronografts. However, the growth plate after transplantation remains unaffected by the difference in age and continues to grow at its own inherent rate in adult recipients as it does in the juvenile recipients.
Adult ; Animals* ; Extremities* ; Growth Plate* ; Humans ; Male* ; Osteoporosis ; Rats* ; Tibia ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The surgical treatment of burn patient is associated with substantial blood loss. Therefore, multiple hemostatic techniques have been proposed for this problem. Unfortunately, a clear conclusion as to the best hemostatic agent cannot be made. Then, we present our experience of using Fibrin sealant (TISSEEL(TM)) in extremity operation. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 10 patients treated in our burn center who conducted the extremity operation using Fibrin sealant from January 2010 to December 2010. RESULTS: The mean tourniquet time is within 60 minutes and no need of transfusion during the operation in all patients. The average take rate for skin graft is over the 98%. No one has nerve injury and other problems. CONCLUSION: Fibrin sealant is a human derived factors that are designed to reproduce the final step of the physiologic coagulation cascade of a stable fibrin clot. In addition, Fibrin sealant has the advantage of being biocompatible and biodegradable, without inducing inflammation, foreign body reaction, and tissue necrosis. Fibrin sealant is shown to be effective methods to achieve hemostasis for the extremity burn surgery.
Burn Units ; Burns ; Extremities ; Fibrin ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Hemostasis ; Hemostatic Techniques ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; Inflammation ; Medical Records ; Necrosis ; Nitro Compounds ; Skin ; Tourniquets ; Transplants

PURPOSE: Fiber-optic bronchoscopy is widely used for early diagnosis of inhalation injury. The aim of the study was to ascertain whether a correlation could be shown between bronchoscopic and pathologic grading. METHODS: One hundred seventy patients who underwent bronchoscopy with suspicious inhalation injury were review retrospectively from January 2008 to December 2009. The patients were divided into four groups (normal, mild, moderate, severe) according to bronchoscopic and pathologic findings respectively. RESULTS: Diagnosis of an inhalation burn was confirmed in 142/170 patients, of whom upon initial assessment an inhalation trauma was suspected. Bronchoscopic grading was noted: mild (n=109), 56 ALI (51.4%), 18 ARDS (16.5%); moderate (n=31), 22 ALI (71.0%), 13 ARDS (41.9%); severe (n=2), 2 ALI (100%). Pathologic grading was noted: mild (n=131), 77 ALI (58.8%), 27 ARDS (20.6%); moderate (n=4), 2 ALI (50%), 1 ARDS (25%); severe (n=1), 1 ALI (100%). Consistency of two groups was not significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Any burn patient highly suspicious for inhalation injury should receive an early bronchoscopy for diagnosis and treatment. Fiber-optic bronchoscopy is a safe and effective method for early diagnosis of inhalation injuries. The consensus of classification about inhalation injury will be developed.
Bronchoscopy ; Burns ; Burns, Inhalation ; Consensus ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Retrospective Studies

Intramural hematoma of the gastrointestinal tract is an uncommon occurrence with the majority being localized to the esophagus or duodenum. Hematoma of the gastric wall is very rare, and has been reported most commonly in association with coagulopathy, trauma, hematologic disease, and therapeutic endoscopy. Here we describe a case of intramural gastric hematoma after epinephrine injection therapy for a gastric ulcer with underlying liver cirrhosis that was successfully managed with conservative therapy.
Duodenum ; Endoscopy ; Epinephrine ; Esophagus ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hematologic Diseases ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis, Endoscopic ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Stomach Ulcer

BACKGROUND: We have analyzed the outcome and prognostic factors for 61 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who were treated with idarubicin(IDA)/N 4-behenoyl- 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine(BH-AC) regimen at Chonnam National University Hospital between April 1994 and December 1998. METHODS: Fifty-six patients with newly diagnosed AML and 5 patients failed by IDA/ara- C were eligible to analysis. Remission induction chemotherapy consisted of IDA (12 mg/m2/day IV over 30 minutes on days 1~3) and BH-AC (age < or =40 years: 300 mg/m2/day IV over 4 hours on days 1~7; age >40 years: 200 mg/m2/day). After achievement of a complete remission (CR), four polychemotherapy cycles, allogeneic BMT or autologous PBSCT were given as consolidation. RESULTS: Median age was 38 years (range, 17 to 65). Of 61 patients, 43 (70.5%) achi-eved CR and 6 (9.8%) died of early complications. The Kaplan-Meier estimated overall survival rate was 51.8+/-7.7%, 43.1+/-8.5% and 29.6+/-8.8% at 1 year, 2 year and 3 year respectively, and the disease free survival rate was 58.4+/-9.7%, 43.3+/-10.4% and 24.0+/-12.2 % at 1 year, 2 year and 3 year, respectively. Unfavorable prognostic variables for achieving CR were age >55 years (P =0.006), FAB subtypes (P=0.005) and poor risk cytogenetic abnormalities (P=0.021), and FAB subtypes for overall survival (P=0.0064). CONCLUSION: IDA/BH-AC combination chemotherapy is an effective and well-tolerated regimen for induction treatment of AML.
Chromosome Aberrations ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Humans ; Idarubicin ; Induction Chemotherapy* ; Jeollanam-do ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* ; Remission Induction ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND: Hematologic changes in burned patients show unique patterns with time after burn injury. In this study, we analyzed the changes of leukocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and platelet count according to elapsed time and burn size. METHODS: A total of 265 burned patients were included in this retrospective study. The changes in leukocyte count, hemoglobin, and platelet count according to elapsed time were analyzed every 6 hours from immediately after burn injury until day 2, and then every 24 hours from day 3 to day 14. The differences according to burn size were also analyzed. All the results were expressed as mean+/-standard deviation. RESULTS: Leukocyte count, hemoglobin, and platelet count began to increasing immediately after burn injury, reaching the peak within 12 hours after injury, and then decreased. WBC count was lowest at days 3 to 4 and then began increasing, reaching the second peak at day 7-8. Hemoglobin level continuously decreased and remained at the level of anemia from day 4 to day 14. Platelet count was lowest at days 3-4 and then continuously increased until day 14. The wider the burn sizes were, the greater the changes in leukocyte count, hemoglobin, and platelet count, with 11-40% of the patients showing the most remarkable increase in the number of platelets after day 4. CONCLUSIONS: The leukocyte count, hemoglobin concentration and platelet count were dramatically changed within the first 72 hours after burn injury and the wider the burn sizes were, the greater these changes were. These results could be used as reference data for interpreting the results of complete blood count in burned patients.
Anemia ; Blood Cell Count ; Blood Platelets ; Burns ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Leukocytes ; Platelet Count ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in major burn patients is a common complication with high morbidity and mortality. The mainstream treatment is early diagnosis and rapid termination and prevention of the underlying insult. Therefore, it's essential to identify early biomarkers predicting AKI. METHODS: A total of 85 patients who were admitted to the burn intensive care unit from June 2012 to July 2013 were included in this prospective cohort study. Ten biomarkers (blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, urine creatinine, cystatin C, cystatin C glomerular filtration rate, AST, lacate dehydrogenase [LD], creatine kinase, lactic acid, and myoglobin) were obtained at time of admission and evaluated as diagnostic biomarkers to predicting AKI and early AKI. RESULTS: Out of 85 patients, 35 patients were dead and overall mortality was 41.2%. The mean age was 49.4 years and mean percentage of total body surface area was 53.2%. Area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve of biomarkers on predicting AKI were 0.746, 0.718, and 0.717 in LD, lactic acid, and serum creatinine, respectively. AUC of cystatin C predicting AKI was much lower at 0.555. AUC of biomarkers on predicting early AKI were 0.833, 0.816, 0.790, and 0.759 in LD, serum creatinine, AST, and serum myoglobin. CONCLUSION: LD, lactic acid and serum creatinine were acceptable as diagnostic biomarkers of AKI and LD, serum creatinine, AST, and serum myoglobin were reasonable as diagnostic biomarkers of early AKI. However, cystatin C was an unfavorable biomarker in major burn patients.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Area Under Curve ; Biomarkers* ; Body Surface Area ; Burns* ; Cohort Studies ; Creatine Kinase ; Creatinine ; Cystatin C ; Early Diagnosis ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Lactic Acid ; Mortality ; Myoglobin ; Nitrogen ; Oxidoreductases ; Prospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Urea