No abstract available.
C-Peptide* ; Child* ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Histocompatibility Testing* ; Humans ; Insulin* ; Islets of Langerhans*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Porokeratosis*

Neurofibromas are benign tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath, which occur as either a solitary mass or multiple tumors in association with neurofibromatosis. Solitary vagal neurofibroma in the cervical region is very rare among neurogenic tumors. Unlike schwannomas, neurofibromas have been known to express progesterone receptor and tend to fluctuate during periods of hormonal imbalance. We report a case of a 27-year-old pregnant woman who presented with neck swelling with tenderness. The mass was more enlarged during the gestational period, and she underwent neck surgery after giving birth. At surgery, the mass was found to be originating from the cervical vagus nerve. We exerted to preserve the continuity of vagus nerve during tumor resection. Pathological examination revealed a neurofibroma. It occurred sporadically, not associated with neurofibromatosis. We should be informed that neurofibroma in pregnant woman may be more rapidly enlarged due to pregnancy-associated hormones such as progesterone.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Neck ; Neurilemmoma ; Neurofibroma* ; Neurofibromatoses ; Parturition ; Peripheral Nerves ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women* ; Progesterone ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Vagus Nerve*

BACKGROUND: Hyperuricemia is reported to be related to rapid progression of renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Allopurinol, a uric acid lowering agent, protects renal progression. However, it is not widely used in patients with CKD because of its serious adverse event. Febuxostat can be alternatively used for patients who are intolerable to allopurinol. We aimed to determine renoprotective effect and urate-lowering effect between the two drugs. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the effects of febuxostat compared to allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia. MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify research publications. RESULTS: Four relevant publications were selected from among 3,815 studies. No significant differences were found in the changes in serum creatinine from baseline between the febuxostat and allopurinol groups. Changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were observed between the two groups at 1 month (mean difference 1.65 mL/min/1.73 m², 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38, 2.91 mL/min/1.73 m²; heterogeneity χ² = 1.25, I² = 0%, P = 0.01); however, the changes in eGFR were not significantly different at 3 months. A significant difference did exist in the changes in albuminuria levels from baseline between the febuxostat and allopurinol groups (mean difference −80.47 mg/gCr, 95% CI −149.29, −11.64 mg/gCr; heterogeneity χ² = 0.81, I² = 0%, P = 0.02). A significant difference was also observed in the changes in serum uric acid from baseline between the febuxostat and allopurinol groups (mean difference −0.92 mg/dL, 95% CI −1.29, −0.56 mg/dL; heterogeneity χ² = 6.24, I² = 52%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Febuxostat might be more renoprotective than allopurinol.
Albuminuria ; Allopurinol* ; Creatinine ; Febuxostat* ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Gout ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia* ; Population Characteristics ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Uric Acid

In 2010, symptoms of leaf and stem rot were observed on potted plants (Peperomia quadrangularis) in a greenhouse in Yongin, Korea. The causative pathogen was identified as Myrothecium roridum based on morphological data, internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis, and pathogenicity test. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. roridum causing leaf and stem rot disease on P. quadrangularis in Korea and elsewhere worldwide.
Gyeonggi-do ; Korea ; Peperomia* ; Sequence Analysis ; Virulence

BACKGROUND: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) are compelling indication drugs for hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus. But prescription rate in 2005 year study of Pohang . Gyeongju area was only 30.8%. Therefore, a study on the change of prescription rate in the same area after 3 years was done. METHODS: During three months from January 2008, 152 hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus on their prescribed antihypertensive medications by 9 family physicians in visiting order were analyzed. After the analysis, the infl uencing factors for such prescriptions were ascertained by directly visiting each physicians who prescribed them. RESULTS: A regimen of 16 antihypertensive agents were prescribed by these family physicians. Prescription count of ACEIs or ARBs was 101 cases (66.4%). ACEIs single therapy was 19 cases (12.5%), ACEIs combination therapy was 7 cases (4.6%), ARBs single therapy was 31 cases (20.4%) and ARBs combination therapy was 44 cases (28.9%). The ACEIs or ARBs which were selected by physicians that followed "compelling indication" was 5 (55.6%), "excellent reduce pressure effect" was 3 (33.3%) and "public relations of new medicine" was 1 (11.1%). CONCLUSION: In prescribing antihypertensive agents for patients with diabetes mellitus, selection of ACEIs or ARBs was increased from 30.8% to 66.4%. Education of recommended standard by participating in such study and developing of excellent new medicines may increase such change.
Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Physicians, Family ; Prescriptions ; Primary Health Care

BACKGROUND: Measurement of the cardiac chamber is essential, and current guidelines recommend measuring and reporting values for both sides of the cardiac chamber during echocardiographic evaluation. Normal echocardiographic reference values have been suggested previously, but detailed information about right-sided chambers and values according to gender was not included. METHODS: This is a prospective multicenter (23 centers) study evaluating normal Korean adult subjects using comprehensive echocardiography. We included normal adult subjects (age; 20-79 years old) who had no significant cardiac disorders or illnesses, such as hypertension or diabetes, which could affect cardiac structure and function. We measured the cardiac chamber including both right and left ventricles as well as atria according to current echocardiography guidelines and compared values according to gender and age groups. RESULTS: A total of 1003 subjects were evaluated and the mean age was 48 +/- 16 years. Left ventricular (LV) dimensions increased, but LV volume decreased in older subjects. Right ventricular (RV) area decreased in women and older subjects, and the RV long-axis dimension showed a similar trend. Left atrial (LA) volume increased in men but there were no differences in LA volume index between men and women. The dimension of great arteries increased in men and older subjects. CONCLUSION: Since there were considerable differences between men and women and in the different age groups, and the trends differed significantly between different echo variables, normal echocardiographic cutoff values should be differentially applied based on age and gender.
Adult ; Arteries* ; Echocardiography* ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Reference Values

BACKGROUND: Hemodynamic and functional evaluation with Doppler and tissue Doppler study as a part of comprehensive echocardiography is essential but normal reference values have never been reported from Korean normal population especially according to age and sex. METHODS: Using Normal echOcaRdiographic Measurements in a KoreAn popuLation study subjects, we obtained normal reference values for Doppler and tissue Doppler echocardiography including tricuspid annular velocities according to current guidelines and compared values according to gender and age groups. RESULTS: Mitral early diastolic (E) and late diastolic (A) velocity as well as E/A ratio were significantly higher in women compared to those in men. Conversely, mitral peak systolic and late diastolic annular velocity in both septal and lateral mitral annulus were significantly lower in women compared to those in men. However, there were no significant differences in both septal and lateral mitral early diastolic annular (e') velocity between men and women. In both men and women, mitral E velocity and its deceleration time as well as both E/A and E/e' ratio considerably increased with age. There were no significant differences in tricuspid inflow velocities and tricuspid lateral annular velocities between men and women except e' velocity, which was significantly higher in women compared to that in men. However, changes in both tricuspid inflow and lateral annular velocities according to age were similar to those in mitral velocities. CONCLUSION: Since there were significant differences in Doppler and tissue Doppler echocardiographic variables between men and women and changes according to age were even more considerable in both gender groups, normal Doppler echocardiographic values should be differentially applied based on age and sex.
Deceleration ; Echocardiography* ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Male ; Reference Values

BACKGROUND: It is important to understand the distribution of 2-dimensional strain values in normal population. We performed a multicenter trial to measure normal echocardiographic values in the Korean population. METHODS: This was a substudy of the Normal echOcardiogRaphic Measurements in KoreAn popuLation (NORMAL) study. Echocardiographic specialists measured frequently used echocardiographic indices in healthy people according to a standardized method at 23 different university hospitals. The strain values were analyzed from digitally stored images. RESULTS: Of a total of 1003 healthy participants in NORMAL study, 2-dimensional strain values were measured in 501 subjects (265 females, mean age 47 ± 15 years old) with echocardiographic images only by GE echocardiographic machines. Interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular (LV) posterior wall thickness, systolic and diastolic LV dimensions, and LV ejection fraction were 7.5 ± 1.0 mm, 7.4 ± 1.0 mm, 29.9 ± 2.8 mm, 48.9 ± 3.6 mm, and 62 ± 4%, respectively. LV longitudinal systolic strain (LS) values of apical 4-chamber (A4C) view, apical 3-chamber (A3C) view, apical 2-chamber (A2C) view, and LV global LS (LVGLS) were −20.1 ± 2.3, −19.9 ± 2.7, −21.2 ± 2.6, and −20.4 ± 2.2%, respectively. LV longitudinal systolic strain rate (LVLSR) values of the A4C view, A3C view, A2C view, and LV global LSR (LVGLSR) were −1.18 ± 0.18, −1.20 ± 0.21, −1.25 ± 0.21, and −1.21 ± 0.21(−s), respectively. Females had lower LVGLS (−21.2 ± 2.2% vs. −19.5 ± 1.9%, p < 0.001) and LVGLSR (−1.25 ± 0.18(−s) vs. −1.17 ± 0.15(−s), p < 0.001) values than males. CONCLUSION: We measured LV longitudinal strain and strain rate values in the normal Korean population. Since considerable gender differences were observed, normal echocardiographic cutoff values should be differentially applied based on sex.
Echocardiography* ; Female ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heart Ventricles* ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Reference Values ; Specialization

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular risk remains increased despite optimal low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level induced by intensive statin therapy. Therefore, recent guidelines recommend non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) as a secondary target for preventing cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of omega-3 fatty acids (OM3-FAs) in combination with atorvastatin compared to atorvastatin alone in patients with mixed dyslipidemia. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, and phase III multicenter study included adults with fasting triglyceride (TG) levels ≥200 and <500 mg/dL and LDL-C levels <110 mg/dL. Eligible subjects were randomized to ATOMEGA (OM3-FAs 4,000 mg plus atorvastatin calcium 20 mg) or atorvastatin 20 mg plus placebo groups. The primary efficacy endpoints were the percent changes in TG and non-HDL-C levels from baseline at the end of treatment. RESULTS: After 8 weeks of treatment, the percent changes from baseline in TG (−29.8% vs. 3.6%, P<0.001) and non-HDL-C (−10.1% vs. 4.9%, P<0.001) levels were significantly greater in the ATOMEGA group (n=97) than in the atorvastatin group (n=103). Moreover, the proportion of total subjects reaching TG target of <200 mg/dL in the ATOMEGA group was significantly higher than that in the atorvastatin group (62.9% vs. 22.3%, P<0.001). The incidence of adverse events did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION The addition of OM3-FAs to atorvastatin improved TG and non-HDL-C levels to a significant extent compared to atorvastatin alone in subjects with residual hypertriglyceridemia.