Superficial gastritis has been classified as a type of chronic gastritis, since a report of Schindler in GASTRLTIS, 1947. Howev~er, Benedict reported that superficial gastritis is only acute gastritis or shows normal mucosa histologically. The com mon endopical findings of chronic superficial gastritis were adherent mucus, edema, redness. The common redness which were encounterd are patchy redness and comb-like redness(Kammrotung). We studied the relationship between the redness of superficial gastritis and acute inflammatory changes histologically. Each case of superfieial gastritis was biopsied to redening and non-redening mucosa respectively. We collected 24 cases with 48 biopsy specimens. The results are as follows: Acute inflammatory changes were found only one case in redness and none in non-redness groups. There was no difference in acute inflammatory changes in two groups. The degree of mucosal atrophy were 62.5%, 66.7% in normal mucosa, 12.5%, 16.7~% in mild atrophy, 25%, 12.5% in moderate atrophy, 0%, 4.l% in severe atrophy with respect to redness and non-redness mucosa respectively. There was no difference in degree of mucosal atrophy in two groups. Mucosal atrophies were higher in older ages above 41 years old than below 40 and with increasing age, there was increasing tendency of mucosal atrophy. In conclusion, There was no relationships between mucosal redness and acute in flammatory changes histologically and also between mucosal redness and degree of atrophy.
Adult ; Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Edema ; Gastritis* ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Mucus

Objective: To evaluate the following null hypothesis: the skeletal and dentoalveolar expansion patterns in the coronal and axial planes are not different with two different types of microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) systems. Methods: Pretreatment (T0) and post-MARPE (T1) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 32 patients (14 males and 18 females; mean age, 19.37) were analyzed. We compared two different MARPE systems. One MARPE system included the maxillary first premolars, maxillary first molars, and four microimplants as anchors (U46 type, n = 16), while the other included only the maxillary first molars and microimplants as anchors (U6 type, n = 16). Results: In the molar region of the U6 and U46 groups, the transverse expansion at the midnasal, basal, alveolar, and dental levels was 2.64, 3.52, 4.46, and 6.32 mm and 2.17, 2.56, 2.73, and 5.71 mm, respectively. A significant difference was observed in the posterior alveolar-level expansion (p = 0.036) and posterior basal-bone-level expansion (p = 0.043) between the groups, with greater posterior skeletal and alveolar expansion in the U6 group. Conclusions Compared with the U46 group, the U6 group showed greater posterior expansion at the alveolar and basal-bone levels, with an almost parallel split. Both groups showed a pyramidal expansion pattern in the coronal view.

Methotrexate (MTX) has been widely used in the treatment of psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. But prolonged use of MTX can induce hepatic fibrosis and even cirrhosis. To date, in Korea, there have been very few reports on hepatotoxicity due to MTX, and no report on biopsy-proven chronic active hapatitis. We report one patient who developed chronic acitve hepatitis while taking long-term daily dose of MTX(10mg per day) for psoriasis for a prolonged period.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Fibrosis ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Humans ; Korea ; Methotrexate* ; Psoriasis*

Portal vein occlusion has previously been considered as a contraindication for TIPS placement. Several recent reports have suggested that placement of TIPS may be effective in patients with occluded portal veins to embolize varices and recanalize venous obstruction. We experienced a case of variceal bleeding associated with portal vein thrombosis who was successfully treated with TIPS placement. So we report the case with a brief review of literatures.
Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Humans ; Portal Vein* ; Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical* ; Varicose Veins ; Venous Thrombosis*

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a generalized connective tissue disorder of unknown etiology. Clinically, there is a broad spectrum of disease ranging from widespread severe skin thickening to skin thickening limited to the distal extremities. In rare cases of systemic sclerosis, no cutaneous change only with internal organ involvement has been reported, which is called ?ystemic sclerosis sine scleroderma (ssSSc)?. We describe a patient with Raynaud? phenomenon, who showed intestinal pseudoobstruction as a presenting symptom but did not show any skin change. She had also an esophageal motility disorder, but other organ involvement was not evident. Antinuclear antibody was positive. Her obstruction symptoms were improved by decompression by nasogastric tube and pharmaceutical treatment with erythromycin and octreotide.
Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Connective Tissue ; Decompression ; Erythromycin ; Esophageal Motility Disorders ; Extremities ; Humans ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Octreotide ; Scleroderma, Systemic* ; Sclerosis ; Skin

BACKGROUND: Implantation of esophageal stents is nowadays considered as the method of choice for the management of esophagorespiratory fistula. However, implantation of conventional plastic prosthesis is inconvenient for the patient and associated with relativelty high mortality and complications. Silicone coated self expandable metal stents have been developed to overcome these limitations of plastic tubes. And then, the efficacy of silicone-coated self expandable metal stents in esophagorespiratory fistulas was investigated. METHODS: Six patients with esophagorespiratory fistulas were treated with silicone-coated self expandable metal stents(Song's esophageal stents). All six patients were unable to swallow food or water before treatment due to aspiration via esophagorespiratory fistula. The stents were inserted under endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidence. Clinical improvement was determined by grading food intake capacity on five-point scale : none, liquid, soft food, solid food, or all food. RESULTS: The stents were successfully inserted in all patients. All stents spontaneously showed sufficient expansion without further endoscopic control. After procedure, all fistulas were sealed and symptoms due to branchial aspiration were disappeared. Dysphagia improved by at least two grades in 5 of the 6 patients(83.3%). One patient died due to massive hemoptysis 11 days after stent placement, which could be regarded as a complication. Retrosternal and epigastric pain were observed in three patients. In the follow-up, tumor overgrowth at the end of the stent was found in one patient, who was retreated with implantation of another stent. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that implantation of silicone-coated self expandable metal stents is a rapid, and effective procedure for the palliative treatment of malignant esophagorespiratory fistulas and other cause of esophagorespiratory fistula.
Deglutition Disorders ; Eating ; Fistula* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Mortality ; Palliative Care ; Plastics ; Prostheses and Implants ; Silicones ; Stents* ; Water

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Paracentesis is an acceptable therapeutic modality for the symptomatic relief of dyspnea or abdominal fullness due to tense ascites in patients with cirrhosis. Whereas studies about the effects of paracentesis focused on the changes about hemodynamics, electrolytes and renal function in great detail, the effects of paracentesis on the changes about respiratory system have undergone limited investigations which are defined large-volume paracentesis. METHODS: We performed pulmonary function tests with arterial blood gas analysis just before and 24 hr after paracentesis. The paracentesis of average 2,300ml was carried out in ten liver cirrhosis patients with tense ascites who were free from underlying cardiopulmonary impairment. RESULTS: 1. The results of pulmonary function test just before paracentesis were as followings; FVC( functional vital capacity), FEV1(forced expiratory volume in 1 sec), FEF25 75(forced expiratory effort 25% 75%) and TLC(total lung capacity) were decreased as 78%, 79%, 62.3% and 89% of normal control value respectively, whereas RV(residual volume) was not decreased. DLCO(lung diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide)was decreased as 61.6%. 2. The results of pulmona function test 24 hr after paracentesis were as followings,' The symptomatic relief of dyspnea was achieved in all participated ten patients. Among lung volume parameters, FVC and VC were increased significantly(p=0.003, p=0.004). Whereas TLC was increased without statistical significance(p=0.228), and RV and FRC(functional residual capacity) showed no change. FEV1 was increased significantly(p=0.039), but FEF25 75 and the ratio of FEF1/FVC showed no change. DLCO was not increased. PaOy(partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood) was impr'oved without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the patients of liver cirrhosis with ascites have restrictive ventilatory impairment with additional obstructive ventilatory impairment. After paracentesis, the restrictive ventilatop impairment is improved by the relief of diaphragmatic motion limitation caused by ascites. Also, paracentesis of(not large volume, like 5000ml, but) relatively small volume, of 2000 3000ml can achieve objective improvement of dyspnea due to tense ascites.
Ascites ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Carbon ; Diffusion ; Dyspnea ; Electrolytes ; Fibrosis* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Lung ; Oxygen ; Paracentesis* ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Respiratory System ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

We report an unbalanced translocation involving chromosome 2 and 7 due to a balanced reciprocal translocation 2;7 in the father. The female fetus had a partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 2 with a partial monosomy of distal 7q. Ultrasound at the first trimester had indicated normal fetal anatomy, including normal intracranial structures. Parental karyotypes showed a paternal balanced translocation: 46,XY,t(2;7)(q37.3;->q34). The unbalanced translocation in the fetus resulted in trisomy for 2q37.3 qter and monosomy for 7q34->qter. Postnatal examination showed that the female abortus had a cleft lip and palate, and mild dysmorphic features. The clinical phenotype was in agreement with previous descriptions and allowed us to propose a fetal phenotype for this chromosomal abnormality.
Abnormalities, Multiple/embryology ; Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics* ; Abortion, Habitual/genetics ; Abortion, Therapeutic ; Adult ; Chromosome Disorders/embryology ; Chromosome Disorders/genetics* ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2/ultrastructure* ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/ultrastructure* ; Female ; Fetal Diseases/genetics ; Fetal Diseases/pathology ; Fetus/abnormalities* ; Human ; Male ; Monosomy* ; Phenotype ; Pregnancy ; Translocation (Genetics)* ; Trisomy*

PURPOSE: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) is a treatment modality that increases the breast-conserving rate in breast cancer. This prospective study was performed to evaluate the actual breast-conserving rate using NCT in a clinical setting in a single institution. METHODS: Between 2014 and 2015, 265 patients who were scheduled to receive NCT and surgery were enrolled in this study. Patients were classified into three groups based on the immunohistochemical results of estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2): ER or PR positive (luminal), ER/PR negative and HER2 positive (HER2+), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Before starting and immediately after completing NCT, a surgeon decided if breast-conserving surgery (BCS) or total mastectomy (TM) should be performed. We analyzed the rate of type of surgery performed. RESULTS: Before administering NCT, 107 patients (40.4%) and 158 patients (59.6%) were candidates for BCS and TM, respectively. Of the 158 patients, 61 were eligible for BCS after chemotherapy, with a conversion rate of 38.6%. NCT increased the BCS eligible rate from 40.4% to 62.6%. Of the 61 patients, 53 chose to undergo BCS, and BCS was successful in 46 (86.8%). Of the 107 BCS candidates at baseline, 100 patents finally underwent BCS (93.5%). According to the subtype, the conversion rates were 35.4%, 50.0%, and 40.5% for luminal, HER2+, and TNBC groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: NCT increased the eligibility for BCS from 40.4% to 62.6% in a clinical setting. This benefit is similar to that observed in other clinical trials.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Drug Therapy* ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Mastectomy, Simple* ; Phenobarbital ; Prospective Studies ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms

The annual incidence of hospital admissions for lower gastrointestinal bleeding in the United States and Europe is 0.02%. Massive hemorrhage from a solitary colon polyp is an extremely rare case. We report two consecutive patients with a single polyp, which was the source of bleeding. The first case is a 68-year-old male patient who visited Daejeon Sun Hospital with the chief complaint of considerable hematochezia. An 1.2 cm colon polyp with active bleeding was observed on the colonoscopy. The second case is a 74-year-old female patient with symptoms of hematochezia. A blood-clot attached, 3.0 cm sized Yamada type-IV colon polyp was examined on the colonoscopy. One case was a sessile polyp, and the other one was a thick-stalked pedunculated polyp. Both types of polyps were supplied with more vessels than other polyps, and both patients were taking aspirin. The two patients underwent snare polypectomy and were discharged without further bleeding evidence.
Aged ; Aspirin ; Colon ; Colonic Polyps ; Colonoscopy ; Europe ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Polyps ; SNARE Proteins ; Solar System ; United States