No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Pre-Eclampsia*

Various kinds of spinal instruments have been developed for the treatment of lumbar spinal disordors. Recently, the Graf instrument as soft stabilizer has been introduced in treating lumbar spinal disordors associated with instability. To determine the reliability of Graf instrument providung spinal stability we have analysed 19 cases of unstable lumbar degenerative disease treated with adequate decompression and Graf instrumentation between May 1991 and March 1992. There were 15 females and 4 males. Average age at operation was 50.8 years (Range, 35 to 70). Minimum follow up was 14 months. The main surgical indication was serious limitation of daily activity caused by intractable symptoms and signs with spinal instability. Clinical assesment based on authors modified criteria revealed satisfactory (Exellent/Good) in 16 cases (84.2%). The Graf instrument has many advantages over rigid implant such as enough stability without arthrodesis after extensive surgical decompression, rapid rehabilitation, less operative risk and preservation of spinal motion. These results suggests Graf instrument instead of rigid implant is highly recommendable in managing unstable lumbar disordors.
Arthrodesis ; Decompression ; Decompression, Surgical ; Equidae ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Rehabilitation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the clinical utility of multiplanar reformation images of helical CT in the evaluation of pancreatic diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Helical CT scans of the pancreas were obtained in 30 patients with pancreatic diseases. Helical CT was performed with 5mm collimation at 5mm/sec table speed during rapid injection of intravenous contrast agent using power injector. After scanning, helical volume data were reconstructed at 2mm interval and then multiplanar reformation of the pancreas and adjacent structures was done. In both prospective reconstructed axial images and multiplanar reformation images, detection of pancreatic lesion, extent of lesion, and vascular and bile ductal changes were analyzed with a grading system of 1,2, 3. RESULTS: The mean grade of detection of pancreatic lesions was 2.37 in the prospective axial image and 2.83 in multiplanar reformation image, extent of diseases was 2.40 in prospective axial image and 2.97 in multiplanar reformation image, and vascular and bile ductal changes was 2.00 in the prospective axial image and 2.97 in multiplanar reformation image. All the differences were statistically significant (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Multiplanar reformation images of helical CT are useful in the evaluation of pancreatic diseases and especially in the demonstratibn of complex anatomic relationships between the pancreas and surrounding structures.
Bile Ducts ; Humans ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Diseases* ; Prospective Studies ; Tomography, Spiral Computed*

BACKGROUND: Although one hair usually arises from a single follicular opening in normal healthy subjects, we can see two or more hairs emerging from the single opening through close inspection. The latter is called "compound hair", described by Lowenthal in 1946, however, few reports on this have been made since. Histopatholoigcally two or more hairs which have an independant external root sheath arise from one follicular opening like its clinical appearance. We examined the distribution and density of compound hair in order to define its difference according to anatomical sites and aging process. OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: We counted the number of hairs in the circle(2 cm in diameter) at te frontal, temporal and occipital scalp of 24 old young men(22.5+/-2.0 years old) and 24 old men(64.4+/-12.9 years old), respectively. RESULTS: The summated number of grouped hair, which was mostly regarded at compound hair, was greater in the young group than in old group in the frontal area, but was smaller in young group than in old group in from the temporal and occipital areas. The proportion of grouped hair to total hair in the older group was lower in the frontal area, but higher in the temporal and occipital areas(p<0.05, p<0.01) according to aging process, however, no significant change was seen between the frontal area and the sum of single hair to compound hair was significantly decreased in the temporal and occipital areas(p<0.05, p<0.01) according to aging process, however, no significant change was seen between the frontal area and the sum of the three tested areas. CONCLUSION: Compound hairs are observed frequently on the scalp of normal healthy subjects and are most frequently seen on the occipital scalp in both of the young and old.
Aging ; Hair* ; Scalp* ; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous

Three anopheline mosquitoes in Korea were studied for their abilities as vectors for Plasmodium vivax. The female mosquitoes of Anopheles lesteri, An. pullus and An. sinensis were allowed to suck malaria patient blood until fully fed, and they were then bred for 2 weeks to develop from malaria parasites to sporozoites. The result from the above confirmed the sporozoites in one An. lesteri of one individual and five An. sinensis of six individuals. We also reconfirmed that An. sinensis was the main vector to transmit malaria and An. lesteri as well as An. sinensis were able to carry Korean malaria parasites. Therefore, we propose that diversified study is needed to manage malaria projects.
Adult ; Animals ; Culicidae/*parasitology/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; *Insect Vectors ; Korea ; Malaria/parasitology/transmission ; Male ; *Plasmodium vivax

The minor fissure is an important anatomical landmark in the localization of the pulmonary diseases. For the evaluation of the normal feature of the minor fissure, we analyzed the high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans in 51 normal patients. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the normal appearance of the minor fissure on high-resolution CT scans and to compare it with that on the coventional CT and chest radiographs. We analysed the morphologic feature of the minor fissure on the high-resolution CT scans in 51 normal patients, and compared it with that on the conventional CT scans. On the high-resolution CT scans, we particularly paid attention to the completeness and types according to Berkmen classification. And finally, we compared the types determined by the high-resolution CT scans with those by the plain radiographs. In most patients (n=47), the minor fissure was seen as a hyperattenuating line or hand on the high-resolution CT scans. In contrast, it was mostly seen as a lucent zone on the conventional CT scans (n=44). Of 47 patients having a hyperattenuating line or band on the high resolution CT scans, the minor fissure was considered to be complete in 17 patients (36%), and incomplete in 30 patients (64%), who had defect at medial portion of the minor fissure. The most common type of the minor fissure seen on the high-resolution CT scans was type I variety (n=23), followed by type IIa (n=10) and type II (n=8). We could not determine the type in six patients. The type determined by the high resolution CT scans was highly well correlated with that determined by the plain radiographs (p<0.05). In conclusion, the minor fissure was seen on CT studies as variable appearances and high-resolution CT scans were superior to the conventional CT scans in the evaluation of the minor fissure. The type of the minor fissure determined by the high-resolution CT scans were well correlated with those seen on the radiographs.
Classification ; Hand ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The minor fissure is an important anatomical landmark in the localization of the pulmonary diseases. For the evaluation of the normal feature of the minor fissure, we analyzed the high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans in 51 normal patients. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the normal appearance of the minor fissure on high-resolution CT scans and to compare it with that on the coventional CT and chest radiographs. We analysed the morphologic feature of the minor fissure on the high-resolution CT scans in 51 normal patients, and compared it with that on the conventional CT scans. On the high-resolution CT scans, we particularly paid attention to the completeness and types according to Berkmen classification. And finally, we compared the types determined by the high-resolution CT scans with those by the plain radiographs. In most patients (n=47), the minor fissure was seen as a hyperattenuating line or hand on the high-resolution CT scans. In contrast, it was mostly seen as a lucent zone on the conventional CT scans (n=44). Of 47 patients having a hyperattenuating line or band on the high resolution CT scans, the minor fissure was considered to be complete in 17 patients (36%), and incomplete in 30 patients (64%), who had defect at medial portion of the minor fissure. The most common type of the minor fissure seen on the high-resolution CT scans was type I variety (n=23), followed by type IIa (n=10) and type II (n=8). We could not determine the type in six patients. The type determined by the high resolution CT scans was highly well correlated with that determined by the plain radiographs (p<0.05). In conclusion, the minor fissure was seen on CT studies as variable appearances and high-resolution CT scans were superior to the conventional CT scans in the evaluation of the minor fissure. The type of the minor fissure determined by the high-resolution CT scans were well correlated with those seen on the radiographs.
Classification ; Hand ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: To find the rebleeding factors in bronchial arterial embolization for treatment of hemoptysis, a retrospective study was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Medical records, anglographic findings and embolic materials of 35 patients who had undertaken arterial embolization for control of hemoptysis were reviewed. The period of follow-up for rebleeding was from 3 to 32 months after arterial embolization. We investigated the anglographic findings of extravasation, neovascularity, intervascular shunt, aneurysm and periarterial diffusion. Neovascularity was classified as mild(numerable neovascularity) and severe(innumerable). RESULTS: Rebleeding occured in 15(43%) among 35 cases. Only two of 11 cases with no past episode of hemoptysis showed recurrence, while 9 of 15 cases who had more than three episodes did. Severe neovascularity were seen in 11 of 15 recurred cases, but seven of 20 non-recurred cases showed severe neovascularity. More than three anglographic findings representing hemoptysis were seen on 11(73%) among recurred 15 cases and seven(35%) among non-recurred 20 cases. The lesion was supplied by more than two different arteries on 8(54%) of the recurred cases, but only three(15%) of the non-recurred cases. Six of seven cases persistent neovascularity after arterial embolization were recurred. CONCLUSION: The history of repeated hemoptysis, severe neovascularity, variable anglographic findings, and post-embolization persistency of neovascularity were the factors related with the rebleeding after arterial embolization for hemoptysis. Careful and active arterial embolization are required on these conditions.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Diffusion ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemoptysis* ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

Articular cartilage is a highly differentiated tissue, lacking a vascular supply and having only limited regenerative capability. Cut or other mechanical damage restricted to the cartilage does not repair. Experimentally and clinically, cartilage defect that penetrate the subchondral bone undergoes repair through the formation of tissue usually characterized as fibrous, fibrocartilaginous or hyaline-like cartilaginous tissue. There is little definitive informations about local or systemic factors that control the differentiation of mesenchymal cells to osteoblast, chondroblast or fibroblast. Our study was designed to evaluate the effect of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-pl) and autogenous periosteal graft on the healing of osteochondral defect of distal femur of rabbit and also the possibility of these method to be clinically applicable to human. The experimental model used in the present study for including cartilage in rabbit was based mainly on the model used by Frukawa et al14). in rabbit. A full thickness osteochondral defect of 80 rabbit were made with 2mm diameter of drill-bit and electrically driven drill. Experimental animals were divided into four group: 1) group I, osteochondral defect only, 2) group II, osteochondral defect with infiltration of phosphate buffer solution, 3) group III, osteochondral defect with infiltration of TGF-Bl, 4) group IV, osteochondral defect with autogenous periosteal graft. The healing of the defect was assessed at 1 week, 3 weeks, 5 weeks, 12 weeks after operation by gross and histochemical examination. At 1 week, fibrinoid material in edge to edge arcade arrangement was present in group I,II,III,IV. At 3 weeks, spindle shaped undifferentiated mesenchymal cell present in the periphery of fibrinous network, but there is no appearance of mesenchymal cell in group I,II. At 5 weeks, essentially complete repopulation of the defect with progressive differentiation of cells to chondroblast, chondrocyte, osteoblast and synthesis of cartilage and matrix in their appropriate location in group III and IV were found. At 12weeks, hyaline like cartilage formation was observed in group III and IV. but early trace of degeneration of the cartilage were seen in many defect with the prevalence and intensity of the degeneration increasing at group I and 3 . Our study demonstrated in detail the repair of full-thickness defect in rabbit articular cartilage extending into cancellous bone of the marrow cavity under influence of local growth factor (TGF-pl) and autogenous periosteal graft. Excellent reconstruction of articular cartilage was observed in TGF- Bl infiltration group and autogenous periosteal graft group as early as 5 weeks after the creation of defect. Although the further study should be carried out for their clinical application, we conclude that TGF-Bl regulates the overall mechanism of matrix constituent in connective tissue and autogenous periosteal graft have a chondrogenic potential to repair major osteochondral defect. these suggest that TGF-Bl and autogenous periosteal graft may be a important pathophysiological regulator of chondro- genesis.
Animals ; Bone Marrow ; Cartilage ; Cartilage, Articular ; Chondrocytes ; Connective Tissue ; Femur ; Fibrin ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Models, Theoretical ; Osteoblasts ; Prevalence ; Transplants*