No Abstract Available.
Cataract*

BACKGROUND: The acute effect, of ethanol (EOH) include lowered blood pressure through peripheral vasodilation and decreased circulating blood volume. This study was aimed at examing the effects of EOH on the hemodynamic response to up and down head tilts. METHODS: Ten 21 to 23 year old male adults served as subjects. Each subject participated in both control and EOH experiments. In the EOH experiment, 3 mls of 25% EOH per liter of total body water was administered orally, 35 min were allowed for the blood EOH level to reach maximum before the tilt protocol was initiated. The tilt protocol consisted of 5 stages, each stage was 3-min in duration : supine (0 degrees)-head down tilt (HDT, 15 degrees)-supine (0 degrees)-head up tilt (HUT, 25 degrees)-supine (0 degrees). Hemodynamic parameters were measured with an impedance cardiograph (NCCOM3-R7, BoMed) with two electrodes placed around the neck and two around the thorax. Blood pressure (BP) was measured with an automatic sphygmomanometer (DATEX). Data was collected during every second half-minute throughout the duration of the protocol. RESULTS: In the control, HDT produced an increase in the end-diastolic index (EDI), the stroke index (SI), the cardiac index (CI), and the peak flow index (PFI) ; there were no significant changes in heart rate (HR), the systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), and BP. In contrast, HUT resulted in a decrease in EDI, SI, EF, CI, and PFI and an increase in HR, SVRI, and BP ; the latter changes sugges a sympathetic overactivation. In the EOH experiment, the basal EDI, SI, and systolic BP were lower and HR was higher than in control. HDT and HUT caused similar changes as in control experiments. CONCLUSIONS: There results indicate that EOH cause volume depletion to result in reduced central blood volume and compensatory tachycardia. These EOH-induced changes were not altered by 15 degreeshead-down and 25 degreeshead-up tilts.
Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Volume ; Body Water ; Cardiography, Impedance ; Eating* ; Electric Impedance ; Electrodes ; Ethanol* ; Gravitation ; Head ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Male ; Neck ; Sphygmomanometers ; Stroke ; Tachycardia ; Thorax ; Vascular Resistance ; Vasodilation ; Young Adult

An internal hernia is defined as the protrusion of an internal organ through a defect in the abdominal cavity. Broad ligament hernia (BLH) is an extremely rare type of internal hernia that is difficult to diagnose preoperatively because the symptoms are nonspecific. However, early diagnosis is crucial, and early surgery is required to reduce complications such as strangulation. Laparoscopy has the advantage of enabling simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of BLH. With the advancement of the laparoscopic techniques, several cases of laparoscopic treatment of BLH have been reported. Nevertheless, open surgery is primarily performed in patients requiring bowel resection. We present a case of laparoscopic surgery for a strangulated internal hernia through a broad ligament defect. We successfully resected the strangulated small intestine and closed the defect of the broad ligament laparoscopically with a minor incision.

Pagetoid reticulosis(PR) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that has been divided into the localized and disseminated type. There has been ongoing debate about the nature of PR. Some authors have regarded PR as a variant of mycosis fungoides(MF). However recent reported cases suggest that PR may represent a spectrum of lymphoproliferative disorders that may not be related to MF. We report a case of a 65-year-old woman who had an erythematous plaque on the anterior chest, buttock and lower extremities for 2 years. Histologically there was dense infiltrate of predominantly CD8-/CD30+ atypical mononuclear cells in the epidermis that produce a pagetoid appearance. We believe this is the first reported case of disseminated pagetoid reticulosis in the Korean literature.
Aged ; Buttocks ; Epidermis ; Female ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; Pagetoid Reticulosis* ; Thorax

Purpose: Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a key enzyme involved in the base excision repair pathway. It also has redox activity and maintains various transcription factors in an active reduced state. APE1 may be associated with chemoresistance. In the present study, we first investigated the expression level of APE1 protein and its correlation with oncologic outcomes of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with stage III colon cancer. Further, we investigated the effects of human APE1 siRNA on the sensitivity of oxaliplatin in SNU-C2A colon cancer cells. Methods: Tissue specimens from tumor and normal colon of 33 patients with stage III colon cancer were obtained from 2006 to 2009. The patients received at least eight cycles of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. APE1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting using a cultured SNU-C2A cell line. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 and caspase-3 cleavage using Western blotting. Results: All the colon cancer tissues showed APE1 staining in the nucleus, whereas all the normal colon tissues were negative for APE1 staining in the cytoplasm. The group with a higher expression of APE1 demonstrated poorer prognosis than the group with low expression (P=0.026 for overall survival and P=0.021 for disease-free survival). Treatment with oxaliplatin resulted in a dose-dependent increase in APE1 expression in SNU-C2A cells. APE1 siRNA significantly enhanced oxaliplatin-induced growth inhibition, and also increased oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis in SNU-C2A cells. Conclusion APE1 could be considered a prognostic factor in colon cancer patients treated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.

Purpose: Previous studies have reported that presarcopenia negatively affects rectal cancer treatment. However, most studies have analyzed patients including majority of open surgery, and the association between presarcopenia and clinical outcomes after laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of presarcopenia on the clinical and oncological outcomes after laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. Methods: Three hundred and one patients undergoing laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery between December 2009 and May 2016 were enrolled. Body composition was assessed using computed tomography by measuring the muscle and fat areas at the third lumbar (L3) vertebra. The L3 skeletal muscle area was used to calculate the skeletal muscle index and evaluate presarcopenia. Results: Presarcopenia was more common in older ( ≥ 70 years, P = 0.008) or female patients (P = 0.045). Patients with presarcopenia had decreased skeletal muscle area (P < 0.001), lower hemoglobin level (P = 0.034), longer time to first flatus (P < 0.001), and more frequent surgical site infection (P = 0.001). However, survival rates were not significantly different between those with and without presarcopenia. Conclusion Computed tomography-assessed presarcopenia was associated with delayed functional recovery and increased surgical site infection, although it was not revealed as a prognostic factor for oncological outcomes.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in behavioral characteristics and parental stress between allergic and nonallergic elementary school children. METHODS: Ninety-one elementary school children who had allergic disease were enrolled (asthma, n=27; allergic rhinitis, n=35; combined, n=29). Also one hundred six nonallergic elementary school children were enrolled for the control group. The Korean Child Behavior Check List (K-CBCL) and Korean Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (K-PSI-SF) were completed by their mothers. RESULTS: According to the analysis of K-CBCL, the score for Internalizing, anxious/depressed and somatic complaints were significantly higher in the combined group than in the control group. The score for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-affective problems in the combined group and DSM-somatic problems were significantly higher in the asthma group than in the control group. According to the analysis of K-PSI-SF, the score for parental distress was significantly higher in the allergic rhinitis group than in the control group. The scores for behavioral problems and parental stress were significantly correlated to allergic disease groups. CONCLUSION: Behavioral problems and parental stress were significantly associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis. The results of this study suggest the importance of psychosocial support for mothers and children with allergic diseases.
Asthma* ; Child Behavior ; Child* ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Humans ; Mothers ; Parenting ; Parents* ; Problem Behavior ; Rhinitis, Allergic*

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to examine the factors affecting suicide decision and to understand in detail their psychological and behavioral changes with high lethality suicide attempters who were supposed to be similar to suicide completers. METHODS: Twenty patients who visited Kangwon National University Hospital or Chuncheon National Hospital participated in this study. After applying suicide lethality with Risk-Rescue Rating Scale, high lethality attempters were screened. Each subject participated in an in-depth interview with a semi-structured interview schedule. RESULTS: The participants had high mean Risk-Rescue Rating Score (45.0+/-8.7), indicating that the study was conducted with the most lethal suicide attempters. Most attempters had chosen their methods of suicide impulsively without consideration for lethality, and most attempters reported that they chose suicide methods from recall of reports by mass media ; 70% of attempters had more than one previous suicide attempt and their suicide methods have been changed to increase the suicide success rate. Most common accompanying emotions before suicide attempts were hopelessness, helplessness, worthlessness, and loneliness. Most important precipitating factors of suicide were economic difficulties. CONCLUSION: These characteristics regarding suicide attempts led us to a detailed understanding. These results are expected to provide valuable information for development of evidence based suicide prevention policies and strategies.
Appointments and Schedules ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Loneliness ; Mass Media ; Precipitating Factors ; Retrospective Studies* ; Suicide*

Purpose: This study examined characteristics and patterns of interorganizational networks for smoking prevention and cessation in Korea. Methods: We surveyed two community health centers, ninety-five hospitals or clinics, ninety- two pharmacies, and sixty-five health welfare organizations in two districts of Seoul in 2020. Data on the organizations’ characteristics of smoking cessation and interorganizational activities for information sharing, client referral, and program collaboration were collected and analyzed using network statistics and blockmodeling. Results: Network size was in the order of information sharing, client referral, and program collaboration networks. Network patterns for interorganizational activities on information sharing, client referral, and program collaboration among four organizations were similar between the two districts. Community health centers provided information and received clients from a majority of the organizations. Their interactions were not unidirectional but mutual with other organizations. Pharmacies were involved in information sharing with health welfare organizations and client referrals to hospitals or clinics. Health welfare organizations were primarily connected with the community health centers for client referrals and program collaboration. Conclusion A community health center is the lead agency in interorganizational activities for smoking prevention and cessation. However, hospitals or clinics, pharmacies, and health welfare organizations also participate in interorganizational networks for smoking prevention and cessation with diverse roles. This study would be evidence for developing future interorganizational networks for smoking prevention and cessation.

PURPOSE: Hematopoietic stem cells from umbilical cord blood are one of the useful resources for stem cell transplantation in the various adult and childhood diseases. Immunologic complications of transplantation, e.g., graft-vs-host disease, occur much less with transplantation of cord blood stem cells. Cord blood-derived dendritic cells (CB-DCs) are known to be different from adult peripheral blood-derived dendritic cells (PB-DCs) in immunologic characteristics. These phenomena might be related to the characteristics of hematopoietic cells in cord blood. Therefore, we analysed characteristics of dendritic cells, which are well-known immune-provoking cells, derived from cord blood precursors. METHODS: Dendritic cells were differentiated from plastic-adherent cord blood monocytes in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4. Immunophenotype was analysed by flow cytometry and expression of IDO (indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase), an enzyme expressed in immune-regulating or tolerogenic DCs, IL-12, IL-10 and IL-6 was measured by RT-PCR along in vitro differentiation. Changes in expression of cytokines and IDO after antibody engagement were also analysed. RESULTS: CB-DCs were very similar to PB-DCs in immunophenotype and expression of cytokines. But CB-DCs expressed IDO transcripts much earlier than PB-DCs during differentiation from precursors. Engagement of CB-DCs with DU-1 mAb induced upregulation of IDO and downregulation of IL-6. CONCLUSION: Although immunophenotype and cytokine expression pattern of CB-DCs were quite similar to those of PB-DCs, CB-DCs expressed IDO earlier than PB-DCs. This might be related to the phenomena that CB-DCs are less immunogenic or, sometimes, tolerance-inducing.
Adult ; Cytokines ; Dendritic Cells* ; Down-Regulation ; Fetal Blood ; Flow Cytometry ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-12 ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukin-6 ; Monocytes ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells ; Up-Regulation