No abstract available.
Nose* ; Paranasal Sinuses*

No abstract available.
Biopsy* ; Salivary Glands* ; Sjogren's Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Compartment Syndromes*

A previous animal study has shown the effects of erythropoietin (EPO) and its non-erythropoietic carbamylated derivative (CEPO) on neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. In the present study, we sought to investigate the effect of EPO on adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and to compare the ability of EPO and CEPO promoting dendrite elongation in cultured hippocampal neural progenitor cells. Two-month-old male BALB/c mice were given daily injections of EPO (5 U/g) for seven days and were sacrificed 12 hours after the final injection. Proliferation assays demonstrated that EPO treatment increased the density of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled cells in the subgranular zone (SGZ) compared to that in vehicle-treated controls. Functional differentiation studies using dissociated hippocampal cultures revealed that EPO treatment also increased the number of double-labeled BrdU/microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) neurons compared to those in vehicle-treated controls. Both EPO and CEPO treatment significantly increased the length of neurites and spine density in MAP2(+) cells. In summary, these results provide evidences that EPO and CEPO promote adult hippocampal neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation. These suggest that EPO and CEPO could be a good candidate for treating neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety associated with neuronal atrophy and reduced hippocampal neurogenesis.
Adult ; Animals ; Anxiety ; Atrophy ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Dendrites ; Dentate Gyrus ; Depression ; Erythropoietin ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Neurites ; Neurogenesis ; Neurons ; Spine ; Stem Cells

The authors report a case of a 45-year-old man who developed stupor and hyperammonemia during pharmacological therapy with valproate for bipolar affective disorder. He was found to have a significantly elevated ammonia level (>400 microgram/dl) without any signs of hepatic insufficiency such as hepatic failure. The patient showed severely increased serum ammonia level, but the serum valproate level was within the therapeutic range. And he didn't use any other mood stabilizer and have any risk factors for hyperammonemia such as hepatic dysfunction and metabolic abnormality. The authors conclude that the mental change and hyperammonemia in this case are attributable to valproate medication. The authors also reviewed current literatures on hyperammonemia caused by valproate therapy and treatment with carnitine. Clinicians should be cautious about the potential risk for hyperammonemic encephalopathy caused by valproate medication, and patients who are treated with valproate need to be monitored for blood level of ammonia, especially in the case which shows characteristic mental and/or behavioral change.
Ammonia ; Carnitine ; Hepatic Insufficiency ; Humans ; Hyperammonemia ; Liver Failure ; Middle Aged ; Mood Disorders ; Risk Factors ; Stupor ; Valproic Acid

Background: Postoperative sore throat is a complaint after general anesthesia of multifactorial etiology. The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) reduces sore throat and discomfort during maintenance of the airway and make patients more comfortable. The purpose of this study was to compare effect of patient's position during operation on postoperative sore throat after the use of LMA. Methods: The fifty three patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 (n=30) was underwent general anesthesia with supine position and group 2 (n=23) with prone position. After the LMA was positioned in the hypopharynx and the cuff inflated, fiberoptic laryngoscope was immediately passed down through the LMA. Number of attempts, degree of postoperative sore throat and other complications were also noted. Results: The incidence of postoperative sore throat after the use of LMA was 10% in supine position and 4% in prone position. But the difference between the groups was not statistically significant. All of the reported sore throats were rated as mild. Conclusions: Postoperative sore throat after the use of LMA is mild and the incidence is not affected by the prone position during the operation.
Anesthesia, General ; Humans ; Hypopharynx ; Incidence ; Laryngeal Masks* ; Laryngoscopes ; Pharyngitis* ; Prone Position* ; Supine Position

No abstract available.
Animals ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Rats*

Bone defect of the long bone continues to challenge orthopedic surgeons. It is usually very difficult to obtain union. Ilizarov ext. fixation has recently gained popularity as a multifactorial approach to the management of tibial bone defect because nonunion, bone defects, limb shortening, and deformity can all be addressed simultaneously with the Ilizarov apparatus. From February 1992 to May 1993 at the department of orthopedic surgery, Inje University Pusan Paik Hospital, 9 patients aged from 8 to 37 years were treated for tibial bone defect. The causes were open comminuted fractures with initial bone loss and bone defect after removal of infected necrotic bone. Bony defect size was ranged from 2cm to 14cm, averaging 7.2cm. Bony defects were gradually closed by the Ilizarov's internal bone transport technique, and final equalization of leg length discrepancy was achieved by means of external lengthening technique. Soft tissue defects were treated with secondary closure, split thickness skin graft, and muscle flap. The average healing index was 42.8 days/cm. According to Paley's classification the complications were developed as follows; The problem included pin tract infection(9), knee flexion contracture(4), and intractable pain(1), the obstacles included delayed union(3) and premature consolidation(1), the complication included nonunion(9) and equinus ankle(1). At an average 1 years follow up, according to Paley and Catagnl's classification, body and functional results were either excellent or good in 7 cases. So, we recommend that Ilizarov technique is very useful treatment for open fracture with bone loss, bone defect after removal of infected necrotic bone and limb shortening.
Busan ; Classification ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Fractures, Open ; Humans ; Ilizarov Technique ; Knee ; Leg ; Orthopedics ; Skin ; Surgeons ; Tibia ; Transplants

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of dexamethasone and fluoxetine on the expression of 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) in C6 glioma cells. METHODS: The C6 glioma cells belong to control group were incubated with DMEM culture solution, the cells belong to dexamethasone group were incubated with dexamethasone for 6 hours, and the cells belong to fluoxetine group were incubated with fluoxetine for 1, 6, 24, and 72 hours, separately, and then exposed to dexamethasone for an additional 6 hours. Crude extracts from control, dexamethasone and fluoxetine-treated C6 glioma cells were separated on a 10% SDS-PAGE and probed with anti-HSP70 mAb. RESULTS: 1) Dexamethasone (10 uM, 6 hours) reduced the level of HSP70 expression relative to control, but this reduction was not statistically significant. 2) Pretreatment with fluoxetine (10 uM, 1, 6, 24, and 72 hours) and exposure to dexamethasone (10 uM, 6 hours) decreased the level of HSP70 expression according to the duration of fluoxetine treatment. 3) Fluoxetine significantly reduced the level of HSP70 at 24 and 72 hours compared to control. However, compare to the level of HSP70 expression at 24 hours, the level of HSP70 expression at 72 hours was elevated. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that dexamethasone and fluoxetine may affect HSP70 expression through effects on GR.
Animals ; Complex Mixtures ; Dexamethasone ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Fluoxetine* ; Glioma* ; Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Hot Temperature* ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins* ; Rats*