No abstract available.
Tenosynovitis*

No abstract available.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to measure family resilience for Korean families with a chronically ill child, and to test the validity and reliability of the instrument. METHOD: The items of instruments used based on the researchers' previous study of concept analysis of Korean family resilience. Nineteen item scales were developed with five domains. In order to test reliability and validity of the scale, data were collected from 231 families, who had a child with a chronic illness. Data was collected between August and September of 2001 in a 3rd level University Hospital in Seoul, Korea. RESULT: The results were as follows: As a result of the item analysis, 19 items were selected from the total of 37 items, excluding items with low correlation with the total scale. Five factors were evolved by factor analysis, which explained 56.4% of the total variance. The first factor 'Family strength' explained 28.5%, 2nd factor 'Family maturity' 8.7%, 3rd factor 'The ability to use of external resources' 7.0%, 4th factor 'Control' 6.6%, 5th factor 'The driving force for finance' 5.7%. The attributes in these factors were different with those identified by concept analysis of the family resilience in Korean families from the previous study. Cronbach's alphacoefficient of this scale was .8039 and Guttman spilt- half coefficient was .8184. CONCLUSION: The study support the reliability and validity of the scale. Because the main concept of family resilience was family strength, there were distinct differences in dimensions of family functioning scales.
Child ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Korea ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seoul ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop the instrument to measure family functioning for Korean family with a chronic ill child, and to test the validity and reliability of the instrument. METHOD: The items of instrument were consisted based on researchers' previous study of concept analysis of the Korean family functioning. Twenty six item scale was developed with six domains. In order to test reliability and validity of the scale, data were collected from the 231 families, who have a child with a chronic illness. Data was collected between August and September in 2001 in a General Hospital in Seoul, Korea. RESULT: The results were as follows:As a result of the item analysis, 24 items were selected from the total of 26 items, excluding items with low correlation with total scale. Six factors were evolved by factor analysis. Six factors explained 61.4% of the total variance. The first factor 'Affective bonding' explained 15.4%, 2nd factor 'External relationship' 11.8%, 3rd factor 'Family norm' 10.5%, 4th factor 'Role and responsibilities' 8.3%, 5th factor ' Communication' 7.9%, and the 6th factor 'Financial resource' explained 7.3%. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of this scale was .87 and Guttman spilt- half coefficient was .84. CONCLUSION: The study support the reliability and validity of the scale. There were distinct differences in dimensions of family functioning scales developed in the U. S.
Child ; Chronic Disease ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Reproducibility of Results ; Seoul ; Weights and Measures

The Bcl-2 interacting death suppressor (Bis) protein is known to be involved in a variety of pathophysiological conditions. We recently generated bis-deficient mice, which exhibited early lethality with typical nutritional deprivation status. To further investigate the molecular basis for the malnutrition phenotype of bis deficient mice, we explored Bis expression in the digestive system of normal mice. Western blot analysis and quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that Bis expression is highest in the esophagus, followed by the stomach, colon, jejunum and ileum. Immunohistochemical data indicated that Bis expression is restricted to the stratified squamous epitheliums in the esophagus and forestomach, and was not notable in the columnar epitheliums in the stomach, small intestine and colon. In addition, strong Bis immunoreactivity was detected in the striated muscles surrounding the esophagus and smooth muscles at a lesser intensity throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Ganglionated plexuses, located in submucous layers, as well as intermuscular layers, were specifically immunoreactive for Bis. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that Bis is co-localized in glial fibrillary acidic protein-expressing enteric glial cells. Immunostaining with neuron specific esterase antibodies indicate that Bis is also present in the cell bodies of ganglions in the enteric nervous system (ENS). Our findings indicate that Bis plays a role in regulating GI functions, such as motility and absorption, through modulating signal transmission between the ENS and smooth muscles or the intestinal epitheliums.
Absorption ; Animals ; Antibodies ; Blotting, Western ; Colon ; Digestive System ; Enteric Nervous System ; Epithelium ; Esophagus ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Ganglion Cysts ; Ileum ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Intestine, Small ; Jejunum ; Malnutrition ; Mice ; Muscle, Smooth ; Muscle, Striated ; Neuroglia ; Neurons ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reverse Transcription ; Stomach

Because primary lymphoma of the appendix is a very rare disorder and commonly presented as acute appendicitis,it is seldom diagnosed by preoperative imaging study. We encountered a patient with pathologically proved primaryappendiceal lymphoma associated with acute and chronic appendicitis. Ultrasonogram revealed a non-compressiblesausage-shaped hypoechoic mass with a linear hyperechoic center caused by mucosa-lumen interface in right lowerquadrant. Post-contrast CT examination showed a markedly enlarged target-like appendix with obliteration of thelumen; the outer layer showed higher attenuation than the central portion. There were also multiple strands in theperiappendiceal fat and thickening of adjacent lateroconal fascia and colonic wall, and this suggested acuteappendicitis associated with appendiceal lymphoma.
Appendicitis* ; Appendix ; Colon ; Fascia ; Humans ; Lymphoma* ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of bite force on the displacement and stress distribution of orthodontic mini-implants (OMIs) in the molar region according to placement site, insertion angle, and loading direction. METHODS: Five finite element models were created using micro-computed tomography (microCT) images of the maxilla and mandible. OMIs were placed at one maxillary and two mandibular positions: between the maxillary second premolar and first molar, between the mandibular second premolar and first molar, and between the mandibular first and second molars. The OMIs were inserted at angles of 45degrees and 90degrees to the buccal surface of the cortical bone. A bite force of 25 kg was applied to the 10 occlusal contact points of the second premolar, first molar, and second molar. The loading directions were 0degrees, 5degrees, and 10degrees to the long axis of the tooth. RESULTS: With regard to placement site, the displacement and stress were greatest for the OMI placed between the mandibular first molar and second molar, and smallest for the OMI placed between the maxillary second premolar and first molar. In the mandibular molar region, the angled OMI showed slightly less displacement than the OMI placed at 90degrees. The maximum Von Mises stress increased with the inclination of the loading direction. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that placement of OMIs between the second premolar and first molar at 45degrees to the cortical bone reduces the effect of bite force on OMIs.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Bicuspid ; Bite Force* ; Finite Element Analysis* ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar*

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of urinary incontinence and its correlation to the underlying diseases of women in Daegu. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urinary incontinence questionnaire regarding age, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), parity, delivery mode, menopausal status, history of hormonal replacement therapy, abortion history, and any underlying diseases were administered from May to November, 2001 to 412 women over 20 who had been randomly selected from the Outpatient Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Yeungnam University. The clinical characteristics of women who experience, and those who do not experience urinary incontinence were compared by means of the Student's t-test for continuous variables and by the Pearson's Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean age of the urinary incontinent group (N=193) was 44.2 years. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of incontinence with the increase of age (p=0.000). The prevalence of urinary incontinence was significantly related to the number of deliveries and the mode of delivery (p=0.007, p=0.001) No significant relationship was demonstrated between urinary incontinence and BMI (body mass index) ; the number of abortions; hormonal status; or any underlying diseases such as thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, and chronic respiratory disease. Also, most of the urinary incontinent women didn't recognize their incontinence as pathological and consequently, didn't consult a physician. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that the prevalence of urinary incontinence is significantly correlated to age, parity, and the mode of delivery. Most of the middle-aged women who suffered from urinary incontinence didn't recognize their incontinence a pathological. Those results suggest that women in this age group need more information and more education about urinary incontinence.
Abortion, Induced ; Body Height ; Body Weight ; Daegu* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Education ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Obstetrics ; Outpatients ; Parity ; Prevalence* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Thyroid Diseases ; Urinary Incontinence*

The purposes of this study were to establish the scope of population groups to be set and nutrients to be included for Codex Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs). Examination of a variety of documents and reports on the principles of scientific evidence was gone through to choose representative groups from a variety of population groups and kinds of nutrients for setting Codex NRVs. Also, hearings from the groups of NRVs expertise has been formed and was gone through by e-working process. The differences of food and foods being consumed in general and by specific population groups and limited actual space on packages for food labeling were considered. This paper suggest the options on the scope of population groups to be set and nutrients to be included for Codex NRVs on the basis of the above procedures. Also, the advantages and disadvantages of these options are commented when the options are applied for establishment and revision of the Codex NRVs.
Food Labeling ; Humans ; Population Groups ; Reference Values

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the extraglandular manifestations and serological features of Korean patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS: Clinical and laboratory data of 125 patients with pSS attending rheumatology clinic of Kangnam St. Mary's hospital, with a mean follow-up period of 64.8 months, were assessed retrospectively. RESULTS: Arthralgia was the most common extraglandular manifestation of pSS. Other extraglandular manifestations, such as myalgia, peripheral neuropathy, Raynaud's phenomenon, and hypothyroidism were frequently presented, but lymphoma was rare manifestation in Korean patients with pSS. Some extraglandular manifestations of pSS were associated with hypocomplementemia and antibodies against Ro, and La, and antinuclear antibody. CONCLUSION: The clinical manifestations and extraglandular manifestations of Korean patients with pSS patients were similar to other studies except low prevalence of lymphoma. Positivity of anti-Ro/SS-A, anti-La/SS-B antibodies and hypocomplementemia were closely associated with extraglandular manifestations in patients with pSS.
Antibodies ; Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Arthralgia ; Autoantibodies* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; Lymphoma ; Myalgia ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Rheumatology ; Sjogren's Syndrome*