No abstract available.
Arnold-Chiari Malformation* ; Meningomyelocele*

PCR implication using the primers for gag, pol and rev genes in BLV (bovine leukemia virus) proviral DNA and syncytium assay were carried out for the Korean native goats experimentally infected with bovine leukemia virus to investigate pathogenesis of BLV in the goats, and to establish a model animal for BLV infection. The oligonucleotide primers used in PCR revealed very high specificity, The minimal amount of FLK-BLV cellular chromosomal DNA to detect the integrated BLV proviral DNA was 10 ng. The peripheral blood lymphocytes from the goat infected with BLV were examined at regular intervals by PCR amplification and syncytium assay. Pol or gag genes were detected in none of three infected goats at the 1st week post-infection (p.i.). At the 4th week p.i., one of three goats showed the amplified gag gene. Thereafter detection rates for the genes were increased, indicating that the BLV proviral genes were integrated in all of the lymphocytes from three goats, at the 16th weeks p.i., when it was evident in syncytium assay that the lymphocytes from all of three goats were infested with infective BLV. Investigating the tissues from the necropsied goats at the 8th month p.i., the amplified BLV proviral genes and infective BLV were detected in all of the peripheral lymphocytes from three infected-goats. Among various tissues examined, the amplified BLV proviral genes were observed in spleen and superficial cervical, mandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes, and the infective BLV, in superficial cervical and mandibular lymph nodes. It was assumed that the Korean native goat was quite susceptible to BLV infection, indicating that the goat could be a good model animal for BLV.
Animals ; Cattle ; Deltaretrovirus Infections ; DNA Primers ; DNA* ; Enzootic Bovine Leukosis* ; Genes, gag ; Genes, rev ; Giant Cells ; Goats* ; Leukemia ; Leukemia Virus, Bovine* ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spleen

We made a clinical obserration of 84 cases of congenital syphilis at the pediatric department of Hanyang University Hospital in Seoul, Korea during the preiod from July, 1972 to June, 1978. The results were as following: 1. The incidence of congenital syphilis in the newborn infants delivered at the nursery was 0.47% among fullterm babies (28cases/6,056 born alive) and 2,31% among premature babies(8 cases/346 born alive) during the above mentioned period. 2. The incidence of congenital syphilis was 0.42% among all patients of pediatric ward(37cases/8,711) and 0.02% among all out patients of pediatric department (11cases/52,832)during the same above mentioned period. 3. Male to female sex ratio was about 2.2:1. 4. In the newborn nursery, 33.3%(20 of total 36 Pts) were under 2,500gm of birth weight and 20.5%(16 of total 36Pts) were under 37 wks of gestational periods. 5. 73%(35 of total 48Pts)of congenital syphilis in th OPD and ward of pediatric department had the onset of the first clinical feature within one month after birth. 6. The principal clinical features of congenital syphilis observed from the O.P.D. and ward of pediatric dept. were hepatosplenomegaly 62%(52 cases), skin manifestations 60.7%(51 cases), jaundice 31%(26 cases) and nasal stuffness and /or rhinitis 28.6%(24 cases) inorder. 7. In the examination of peripheral blood, anemia was shown in 70%, leukocytosis in 45% and leukemoid reactions in 10% of them. 8. Syphilitic bone changes in the bone X-ray films were detected in 35.7% of all 28 observed cases. 9. The complications or combined diseases were pneumonia (10 cases), sepsis (9 cases), tetanus (2 cases), meningitis (1 case), respiratory distress syndrome( 1 case) and congenital heart anomaly(1 case). 10. The mortality rate was 12% (10 cases/84)
Anemia ; Birth Weight ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice ; Korea ; Leukemoid Reaction ; Leukocytosis ; Male ; Meningitis ; Mortality ; Nurseries ; Outpatients ; Parturition ; Pneumonia ; Rhinitis ; Seoul ; Sepsis ; Sex Ratio ; Skin Manifestations ; Syphilis, Congenital* ; Tetanus ; X-Ray Film

No Abstract available.
Ankle* ; Sarcoidosis* ; Tenosynovitis*

No abstract available.
Urinary Tract*

No abstract available.
Fluconazole* ; Tinea Capitis* ; Tinea*

OBJECTIVES: Despite the great contribution made by chemical substances to the development of modern civilization, their indiscriminate use has caused various kinds of damage to the global environment and human beings. Accordingly, the major developed countries and international society have tried to ensure the safe use of chemicals and a reduction in the use of hazardous chemicals through the establishment of the United Nations Environment Programme and various international agreements. In this reason, we tried to introduce about Green Chemistry progress at the present in worldwide and Korea. METHODS: We checked and analyzed relative journals, reports using keyword as like Green Chemistry, alternative chemicals, eco-friendly etc. and major country's government homepage search. RESULTS: Green Chemistry theory, which argues for the reduction or removal of harmfulness in chemicals throughout their entire life-cycle, has been spreading, and major developed countries, such as the US and Denmark, have developed and operate programs to provide reliable chemical information to help replace hazardous chemicals. Korea has also been conducting studies as like eco-innovation project. Through this project the "Alternative Chemical Search program," has been developed, distributed, and operated since 2011 to provide reliable information to small and medium-sized businesses that have difficulties collecting information to ensure conformity to international regulations. The program provides information that includes the regulations of major countries and Korea, information on 340 alternative chemicals, 70 application cases, and 1:1 consulting. CONCLUSIONS: The Alternative Chemical Search program is expected to contribute to the establishment of response systems for regulation of Korean small and medium-sized businesses, and it also will be used to provide basic data for Korean hazardous chemical regulation, together with the Act on the Registration and Evaluation, etc. of Chemical Substances and the Chemical Control act, making it possible to establish an infrastructure for Green Chemistry in Korea and to increase national competitiveness.
Chemistry* ; Civilization ; Denmark ; Developed Countries ; Hazardous Substances ; Humans ; Korea* ; Small Business ; Social Control, Formal ; United Nations

OBJECTIVES: Despite the great contribution made by chemical substances to the development of modern civilization, their indiscriminate use has caused various kinds of damage to the global environment and human beings. Accordingly, the major developed countries and international society have tried to ensure the safe use of chemicals and a reduction in the use of hazardous chemicals through the establishment of the United Nations Environment Programme and various international agreements. In this reason, we tried to introduce about Green Chemistry progress at the present in worldwide and Korea. METHODS: We checked and analyzed relative journals, reports using keyword as like Green Chemistry, alternative chemicals, eco-friendly etc. and major country's government homepage search. RESULTS: Green Chemistry theory, which argues for the reduction or removal of harmfulness in chemicals throughout their entire life-cycle, has been spreading, and major developed countries, such as the US and Denmark, have developed and operate programs to provide reliable chemical information to help replace hazardous chemicals. Korea has also been conducting studies as like eco-innovation project. Through this project the "Alternative Chemical Search program," has been developed, distributed, and operated since 2011 to provide reliable information to small and medium-sized businesses that have difficulties collecting information to ensure conformity to international regulations. The program provides information that includes the regulations of major countries and Korea, information on 340 alternative chemicals, 70 application cases, and 1:1 consulting. CONCLUSIONS: The Alternative Chemical Search program is expected to contribute to the establishment of response systems for regulation of Korean small and medium-sized businesses, and it also will be used to provide basic data for Korean hazardous chemical regulation, together with the Act on the Registration and Evaluation, etc. of Chemical Substances and the Chemical Control act, making it possible to establish an infrastructure for Green Chemistry in Korea and to increase national competitiveness.
Chemistry* ; Civilization ; Denmark ; Developed Countries ; Hazardous Substances ; Humans ; Korea* ; Small Business ; Social Control, Formal ; United Nations

No abstract available.
6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione* ; Cycloheximide* ; Dizocilpine Maleate*

INTRODUCTION: Premature ejaculation is the most prevalent form of male sexual dysfunction, but its cause has not been well established. Recently some studies indicated that penile sensitivity is decreased in men with premature ejaculation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To clarify the association between penile sensitivity and premature ejaculation, we evaluated penile sensitivity in 18 patients with premature ejaculation without erectile dysfunction and neurologic deficit, and 15 normal potent male volunteers by SMV-5 digital vibrometer (Teknologue, Tokyo, Japan), which has higher precision and reproducibility than analogue type biothesiometers. Vibration thresholds were recorded at the glans penis, penile shaft, and frenulum of the penis in flaccid and erectile state induced by PGE1 10 ug. We also recorded those at ulnar process and medial maleolus of the tibia. RESULTS: There was no difference in vibration threshold at the ulnar process and the medial maleolus of the tibia between the two groups (p>0.05). And we found no difference in penile sensitivity at the glans penis, penile shaft, frenulum of the penis between the two groups, in both erectile and flaccid states (p>0.05). Penile sensitivity was decreased in erectile state compared to flaccid state, but it is not statistically significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Based on our results, penile hypersensitivity measured by SMV-5 vibrometer does not appear to be a major factor contributing to premature ejaculation. And further study aimed at other somatic or cognitive factors awaits implementation.
Alprostadil ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Male ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Penis ; Premature Ejaculation* ; Tibia ; Vibration ; Volunteers