No abstract available.
Glioblastoma*

The incidence of distal anterior cerebral artery(ACA) aneurysm is relatively rare, and only a few cases of bilateral symmetrical distal ACA aneurysms which were adhered together have been reported. They are also called kissing aneurysms. We treated bilateral symmetrical distal ACA kissing aneurysms in a 44-year-old woman. We successfully clipped the double aneurysmal sacs individually by interhemispheric approach in spite of intraoperative aneurysmal rupture. The patient was discharged without any neurological deficits two weeks after the operation.
Adult ; Aneurysm* ; Anterior Cerebral Artery* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Rupture

With the development of devices and techniques, including complex shape coils, balloons, multiple catheter techniques, and intracranial stents, endosaccular treatment of ruptured or unruptured wide-necked cerebral aneurysms has advanced rapidly with respect to indications and outcomes. In contrast to other options, stent-assisted aneurysm embolization has a distinct feature in which the stent is permanently implanted in the cerebral vessels. Therefore, we must consider the short-term effect of stent-assisted aneurysm embolization in the prevention of coil migration and adverse thrombogenicity, but also the permanent mechanical, hemodynamic, and biological influence on the parent vessels and the aneurysm. We have reviewed the current experimental and clinical data on stent-assisted coil embolization of cerebral aneurysms.
Aneurysm ; Catheters ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Parents ; Stents

Background: and Purpose: Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the ability to regenerate, proliferate, and differentiate, enabling them to play important roles in the recovery of the damaged nervous system. However, in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), the NSCs are damaged as well. Glia-like cells from human mesenchymal stem cells (ghMSCs) are functionally enhanced adult stem cells. In the present study, we investigated whether ghMSCs could protect NSCs from amyloid beta (Aβ)-mediated toxicity. Methods: Rat NSCs were obtained from E13–14 fetal rat cortices. NSCs were seeded in pre-coated plates, and the next day, cells were simultaneously treated with 20 μM Aβ and 0.4 μm pore insert well-seeded ghMSCs. After 48 hours of co-treatment, cell viability and proliferation were evaluated. After 2 hours of co-treatment, western blotting was performed to measure inflammasome-related factors, such as NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3, caspase-1, and interleukin-1β. Results: The results showed that ghMSCs increased viability and proliferation and reduced the toxicity of NSCs injured by Aβ by reducing the NRLP3 inflammasome activation of NSCs induced by Aβ. Conclusions In this study, we confirmed that ghMSCs could protect NSCs in an in vitro model of AD through the regulation of inflammatory response.

Background: and Purpose: Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the ability to regenerate, proliferate, and differentiate, enabling them to play important roles in the recovery of the damaged nervous system. However, in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), the NSCs are damaged as well. Glia-like cells from human mesenchymal stem cells (ghMSCs) are functionally enhanced adult stem cells. In the present study, we investigated whether ghMSCs could protect NSCs from amyloid beta (Aβ)-mediated toxicity. Methods: Rat NSCs were obtained from E13–14 fetal rat cortices. NSCs were seeded in pre-coated plates, and the next day, cells were simultaneously treated with 20 μM Aβ and 0.4 μm pore insert well-seeded ghMSCs. After 48 hours of co-treatment, cell viability and proliferation were evaluated. After 2 hours of co-treatment, western blotting was performed to measure inflammasome-related factors, such as NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3, caspase-1, and interleukin-1β. Results: The results showed that ghMSCs increased viability and proliferation and reduced the toxicity of NSCs injured by Aβ by reducing the NRLP3 inflammasome activation of NSCs induced by Aβ. Conclusions In this study, we confirmed that ghMSCs could protect NSCs in an in vitro model of AD through the regulation of inflammatory response.

The authors report a case of falx meningioma which was first diagnosed with apopletic symptom due to intratumoral hemorrhage. A 72-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a sudden deterioration of his level of consciousnesss down to a deep drowsiness, generalized seizure, and right hemiparesis. Radiological examinations, including brain CT(Computed Tomographic) scan and MRI(Magnetic Resonance Image) revealed a giant falx meningioma with intratumoral hemorrhage. During the operation the authors found a massive hemorrhage inside the tumor. Histologically, the tumor was meningotheliomatous meningioma and showed a hemorrhagic area with diffuse hemosiderin deposition. The authors also review the relevant literature and discuss the possible mechanism of hemorrhage in the meningioma.
Aged ; Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Hemorrhage* ; Hemosiderin ; Humans ; Meningioma* ; Paresis ; Seizures ; Sleep Stages

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors of hematoma enlargement in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH). METHODS: A series of 214 ICH patients diagnosed by brain CT scan in our neurosurgery department from June 1995 to July 1998 were reviewed with clinical status, past medical histories, laboratory findings, CT findings and prognosis. RESULTS: In 27 patients(12.6%), the second CT scan showed an enlarged hematoma. Age, sex, and site of hematoma were not related to hematoma enlargement. A long interval(>6 hours) between the onset and the 1st CT scan strongly reduced the incidence of hematoma enlargement. The incidence of hematoma enlargement significantly increased in patients with previous history of hypertension, cerebral infarction and ICH. This analysis also demonstrated the following independent factors predisposed to hematoma enlargement: initial high systolic blood pressure, high serum total protein, low serum albumin, low serum sodium, prolonged prothrombin time(>14 sec) and activated partial thromboplastin time(>29.5 sec), irregular hematoma shape, and combined intraventricular hemorrhage. Prognosis in the group of hematoma enlargement showed high mortality(48.1%) and poor outcome. CONCLUSION: Patients with previous history of hypertension, cerebral infarction and ICH, and with high systolic blood pressure, prolonged coagulation time, irregular hematoma shape and intraventricular hemorrhage in CT scan should be observed carefully. And, early surgical therapy of large hematoma and meticulous control of blood pressure may decrease the mortality and morbidity in patients with spontaneous ICH.
Blood Pressure ; Brain ; Cerebral Hemorrhage* ; Cerebral Infarction ; Hematoma* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Mortality ; Neurosurgery ; Prognosis ; Prothrombin ; Risk Factors* ; Serum Albumin ; Sodium ; Thromboplastin ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical course of mild head injury patients and to investigate the risk and prognostic factors of delayed deterioration. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 366 consecutive patients with Glasgow Coma Scale scores ranging from 13 to 15 who were admitted to the neurosugery department from January 1995 to December 1997. RESULTS: Among 51(13.9%) patients with delayed deterioration, 13(25.5%) died and 36(70.6%) patients had favorable outcomes. Statistically correlated risk factors of delayed deterioration were: old age, drowsiness or speech disturbance, a low GCS score, abnormal laboratory findings including coagulopathy, electrolyte imbalance, hyperglycemia, and presence of subdural hematoma in initial brain CT. Twentyeight(54.9%) patients with delayed deterioration underwent neurosurgical intervention and 229(72.1%) patients without delayed deterioration were treated conservatively. Only sex, age and the GCS score on admission or deterioration were statistically correlated with prognosis of delayed deteriorated patients. CONCLUSION: Delayed deterioration following mild head injury may need an urgent operation, or lead to serious complication or disability. Therefore, physicians treating these patients must aware of the risk factors and prognostic factors of delayed deterioration to prevent more serious sequelae or to make an early diagnosis allowing for proper treatment. We also recommend special caution in patients with the abovementioned risk factors to ensure a even better prognosis for patients with mild head injury.
Brain ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Early Diagnosis ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Head* ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Sleep Stages

Rerupture of intracranial aneurysms during cerebral angiography is a rare complication and it usually occurs with in 24 hours after initial bleeding. We experienced three cases of aneurysmal rerupture during cerebral angiography, and in each case, angiography was performed after 24 hours from the initial attack. We have noticed extravasation of contrast medium to subarachnoid space or intraventricular space during angiography. In result, two patients died and one patient was disabled moderately.
Aneurysm ; Angiography* ; Cerebral Angiography ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Subarachnoid Space

The authors report a case of symptomatic choroid plexus cyst, located in the trigone of the left lateral ventricle in a 18-year-old man who presented with headache and seizure attack. The cyst was diagnosed by magnetic resonance image(MRI), and was confirmed with surgery. The cyst had no communication with the ventricular system orsubarachnoid space. Total removal of cyst adhering to the choroid plexus was accomplished, with subsequent disappearance of the seizure and headache. A brief review of the literature is included.
Adolescent ; Choroid Plexus* ; Choroid* ; Headache ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles* ; Seizures