PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the effect of nursing organizational culture on empowerment as perceived by new clinical nurses. METHODS: For the objective a sample of 175 new nurses from secondary/tertiary hospitals having not less than 250 beds located in B city was selected to complete a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson correlation coefficients and simultaneous multiple regression with the SPSS 14.0 software program. RESULTS: As for nursing organizational culture as perceived by the respondent, relation-oriented culture had the highest average score (3.60+/-.63) out of a possible 5 points followed by hierarch-oriented culture, innovation-oriented culture and task-oriented culture with 3.45+/-.30, 3.19+/-.53 and 3.05+/-.46, respectively. The respondents' level of perceived empowerment was 3.06+/-.41. The factors influencing empowerment according to nursing organizational culture were innovation-oriented and relation-oriented culture in that order. These 2 variables were statistically significant predictors and explained 48.6% of the variance in empowerment. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that emphasis should be given to nursing organizational culture strengthened by innovationoriented and relation-oriented culture, rather than task-oriented and hierarch-oriented culture, in order to foster harmonious empowerment among nurses at all levels.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Organizational Culture ; Power (Psychology)

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with suspicious developmental delay in infants and early childhood. METHODS: Participants were 133 infants, aged from birth to 6 years old and their mothers, who were being seen at 16 Public health centers in B city. Korean Denver II was used to test infant development. chi2-test, Fisher's exact test and multiple logistic regression were used with SPSS 19.0 to analyze data. RESULTS: Of participant infants, 7.5% were below the 3rd percentile for the weight percentile, 8.4% is a weight curve that crosses more than 2 percentile lines on the growth charts after previous achievement, and 9.8% had suspicious developmental delay according to Korean Denver II. Further the predictive factors related to suspicious development delay in the children were decrease of weight percentile (Odds Ratio [OR]=6.69, Confidence Interval [CI])=1.22-36.45), low economic state (OR=6.26, CI=1.50-26.00), and developmental delay perceived by their mothers (OR=4.99, CI=1.24-20.06). CONCLUSION: It is necessary to build a government level system to follow management of development of infants and children from the time of birth. Especially, it is necessary to develop a program for children in low income families.
Achievement ; Aged ; Child ; Child Development ; Growth Charts ; Humans ; Infant ; Logistic Models ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Public Health

PURPOSE: This study aims to identify the effect of pediatric fall prevention education with leaflets and picture books on the fall-related knowledge and preventive behaviors in caregivers of inpatient children. METHODS: This study is a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. It divided 62 caregivers of inpatient children aged 5 and under into an experimental group and a control group in P general hospital located in B City. RESULTS: Fall related knowledge score in the experimental group was increased by 2 points after the intervention and the score in the comparison group was increased by 0.1 points. The difference after the intervention in fall related knowledge scores between the two groups was statistically significant (t=7.67, p<.001). The fall related prevention behavior score of the experimental group increased by 9.3 points after the intervention, and the score of the comparison group increased by 2.5 points. The difference in the scores of fall related prevention behaviors between the two groups was statistically significant (t=5.71, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Pediatric inpatient fall prevention education using leaflets and picture books can improve caregivers' fall-related knowledge and preventive behaviors. In turn, this can reduce children's falls in pediatric wards in general hospitals.
Accident Prevention ; Accidental Falls ; Caregivers ; Child ; Education* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Inpatients* ; Pediatrics

No abstract available.
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic*

PURPOSE: This study is a descriptive study to contribute to children health improvement by finding out the actual state of breakfast and related features of skipping breakfast. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 724 children. The collected data were analyzed through real numbers, percentage, mean and standard deviation, cross tabulation, chi2-test and t-test using the SPSS WIN 10.0. RESULT: The rate of the children's skipping breakfast recorded 48.6%. Related Factors to skipping breakfast were sex, income, mother's education level and father's education level. 53.1% of girls skipped breakfast. In case of the group their family's income was over 3 million won/month and their father graduated college, the rate of skipping breakfast was low significantly. In groups having breast with rice, soup and side dishes, getting up before 7 A.M. and having good eating habit, the rate of skipping breakfast was low significantly. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to induce a desirable breakfast habit by health education about the importance and necessity of breakfast. Therefore, it is supposed that parents should pay attention to their children to form the right eating habits and encourage them not to skip breakfast.
Breakfast* ; Breast ; Child ; Eating ; Education ; Fathers ; Female ; Health Education ; Humans ; Parents ; Child Health

Recently, the number of obese people have been increasing due to westernized diets and increased sedentary activity. In particular, obese adolescent have been newly recognized as having significant health problems. This study focuses on determining the gender difference of obese adolescents through implementation of a structured questionnaire on general characteristics, attitudes toward dieting, eating habits and emotional depression due to obesity. Data collection was carried out by 291 students in attendance at 3 high schools in Pusan from 11. 2. 1998 to 11. 30. 1998. The targes were 148 boys and 143 girls who were judged as obese in the school's physical check-up. The test of reliability of this research was calculated by chronbach's alpha . Data analysis was managed by computer and statistics by SPSS/WIN. The results of the survey are as follows: 1.For the questionnaire regarding attitudes toward dieting which include 28 items, 10 out of 28 items (about 36%)showed gender difference. 2. For the questionnaire regarding eating habits which include 17 items, 5 out of 17 items (about 30%)showed gender difference. 3.For the questionnaire regarding emotional depression about obesity, 30.6% of boys and 27.3% girls answered but no statistical significance. The results of this survey indicated that this study will be important as a good guideline for treating obese adolescents. It is hoped that much more research on gender difference in obese adolescents will be implemented in the future. In addition, the development of effective treatments for obesity should be based on the gender of the adolescent.
Adolescent* ; Busan ; Data Collection ; Depression* ; Diet* ; Eating* ; Female ; Hope ; Humans ; Obesity ; Statistics as Topic ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the point prevalence of postpartum depression and its predictors during early postpartum in mother of preterm infants. METHODS: Participants were 101 women, 2-3 weeks after delivery whose preterm babies were hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit. Data were collected from June 2010 to January 2011. The instruments included 'Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale', 'Prenatal depression', 'Subjective health status of infant', 'Medical staff support', and 'Husband support'. Collected data were analyzed using t-test, chi2-test, and multiple logistic regression with SPSS/WIN version 18.0. RESULTS: The point prevalence was 86.1% that postpartum depression occurred during the early postpartum period in mothers of preterm infants. Three significant predictors of postpartum depression in mothers of preterm infants were identified; 'Type of delivery (OR, 5.57; 95% CI, 1.25-24.77)', 'Subjective health status of infant (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.16-0.70)', and 'Medical staff support (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.28-0.97)'. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that postpartum mothers should be screened for postpartum depression early in the postpartum period and that, medical personnel should pay particular attention to mothers with a caesarean section and should help mothers of preterm babies to develop positive perceptions of their babies.
Cesarean Section ; Depression, Postpartum* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Logistic Models ; Mothers* ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence

PURPOSE: The Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (PPQ) was designed to measure post-traumatic symptoms related to childbirth and symptoms during postnatal period. The purpose of this study was to develop a translated Korean version of the PPQ and to evaluate reliability and validity of the Korean PPQ. METHODS: Participants were 196 mothers at one to 18 months after giving childbirth and data were collected through e-mails. The PPQ was translated into Korean using translation guideline from World Health Organization. For this study Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability were used to evaluate the reliability of the PPQ. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and known-group validity were conducted to examine construct validity. Correlations of the PPQ with Impact of Event Scale (IES), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to test a criterion validity of the PPQ. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha and Spearman-Brown split-half correlation coefficient were 0.91 and 0.77, respectively. EFA identified a 3-factor solution including arousal, avoidance, and intrusion factors and CFA revealed the strongest support for the 3-factor model. The correlations of the PPQ with IES, BDI-II, and BAI were .99, .60, and .72, respectively, pointing to criterion validity of a high level. CONCLUSION: The Korean version PPQ is a useful tool for screening and assessing mothers' experiencing emotional distress related to child birth and during the postnatal period. The PPQ also reflects Post Traumatic Stress Disorder's diagnostic standards well.
Adult ; Anxiety ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Depression/pathology ; Electronic Mail ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Internet ; Mothers/psychology ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; *Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Republic of Korea ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *Translating

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the incidence of pressure ulcers and associated factors, by inspecting the skin of newborn babies in a newborn unit or newborn intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS: The participants were 101 newborn babies in either a newborn unit or NICU in D general hospital. The incidence of pressure ulcer was measured using the skin inspection tool for pressure ulcer, suggested by Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. RESULTS: Incidence rate of pressure ulcer was 19.8%, and 80% of the newborns with pressure ulcers were premature babies. The commonest region of onset was the ear (36.8%), followed by the foot (31.6%), occipital region (15.8%) and knee (15.8%). Those are the regions related to external medical devices like nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Pulse Oximetry. Factors related to pressure ulcers were gestational period of 37 weeks or less, hospitalization for 7 days or more, birth weight under 2,500 g and a low level of serum albumin. CONCLUSION: The results of the study show that the skin and underlying tissues of premature infants is at risk for pressure-related skin breakdown. As most pressure ulcers are caused by medical devices, nursing interventions are required to prevent further aggravation of the lesions.
Birth Weight ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Delivery of Health Care ; Ear ; Foot ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intensive Care Units ; Knee ; Nursing Care ; Oximetry ; Pressure Ulcer ; Skin ; Child Health

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate levels and correlations of epilepsy specific knowledge, attitude and anxiety in mothers of children with epilepsy METHODS: Participants were 176 mothers of children with epilepsy living in B and Y cities. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients with the SPSS 21.0 program. RESULTS: Participants scored 57.2 (+/-1.7) out of 100 points on epilepsy-related knowledge; 35.6 (+/-5.0) out of 48 points on attitude toward epilepsy; 58.1 (+/-15.3) out of 85 on anxiety related to a child's epileptic condition. The participants had higher levels of epilepsy-related knowledge if their family monthly income was three million KRW or higher (t=-2.92, p=.004); if there was no side effect from the medication (t=-2.91, p=.004); and if the mothers' perception of the child's health was good (F=6.181, p=.001). There was a positive correlation between knowledge and attitude related to epilepsy (r=.321, p<.001), and a negative correlation between knowledge and anxiety (r=-.257, p=.001). CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that interventions which reduce mothers' anxiety by providing epilepsy specific knowledge and help to achieve more positive attitudes to better ways of coping with child's disease.
Anxiety* ; Child* ; Epilepsy* ; Humans ; Mothers*