PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of eating behavior on nutritional status according to temperament type.METHODS: One thousand one hundred three preschool children aged 2 to 6 years in Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do from April to June 2018 were surveyed about their eating behavior and nutritional status using DBT (Dietary Behavior Test) and NQ (Nutrition Quotient) which are proven tests. The dietary behaviors of the children were classified into four categories: approach avoidance, sensory sensitivity, hyperactivity, and irregularity. NQ scores were divided into five categories: balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, and practice.RESULTS: The mean of the children's age was 3.42 ± 1.4 (596 boys and 507 girls). The percentage distribution of the NQ grade was as follows: 5.5% (highest), 12.5% (high), 47.1% (medium), 22.2% (low), and 12.6% (lowest). The risk group of approach avoidance and sensory sensitivity had significantly (p < 0.001) lower scores than the normal group in balance factor (51.9 ± 12.0 vs. 57.8 ± 15.9 in approach avoidance type, 52.6 ± 17.6 vs. 57.7 ± 15.9 in sensory sensitivity type) and diversity factor (32.5 ± 24.4 vs. 50.1 ± 22.4 in approach avoidance type, and 32.5 ± 24.0 vs. 50.7 ± 22.2 in sensory sensitivity type). The scores of the hyperactivity risk group were significantly lower in moderation factor (78.2 ± 12.1 vs. 81.2 ± 11.9), and those of the irregular risk group were significantly lower in variety (35.9 ± 24.5 vs. 48.8 ± 23.2), regularity (57.6 ± 37.1 vs. 66.1 ± 17.6), and practice (57.1 ± 19.4 vs. 65.1 ± 22.5) factors than the normal group (p < 0.001). Especially, the risk group of approach avoidance and sensitivity type had significantly (p < 0.001) lower intakes of whole grain, fruit, bean and bean products, vegetables, and Kimchi.CONCLUSION: This present study suggested that the eating behavior based on temperament of demanding preschool children affected food choice resulting in food consumption diversity of children. Therefore, it is important to provide customized nutrition education programs based on temperament type.
Behavior Rating Scale ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Eating ; Education ; Feeding Behavior ; Fruit ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Nutritional Status ; Temperament ; Vegetables ; Whole Grains

The purpose of this study was to verify the validity of the Patient Severity Classification Tool by examining the correlations between the APACHE III and the Patient Severity Classification Tool and to propose admission criteria to the ICU. The instruments used for this study were the APACHE III developed by Knaus and thePatient Severity Classification Tool developed by Korean Clinical Nurses Association. Data was collected from the 156 Medical ICU patients during their first 24 hours of admission at the Seoul National University Hospital by three trained Medical ICU nurses from April 20 to August 31 1999. Data were analyzed using the frequency, X2, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Spearman rho. There was statistically significant correlations between the scores of the APACHE III and the Patient Severity Classification Tool. Mortality rate was increased as patients classification of severity in both the APACHE III and the Patient Severity Classification Tool scored higher. The Patient Severity Classification Tool was proved to be a valid and reliable tool, and a useful tool as one of the severity predicting factors, ICU admission criteria, information sharing between ICUs, quality evaluations of ICUs, and ICU nurse staffing. 1) This paper was awarded the first prize at the Seoul National Hospital Nursing Department Research Contest.
APACHE* ; Awards and Prizes ; Classification* ; Humans ; Information Dissemination ; Mortality ; Nursing ; Seoul

Thyroid antibodies are frequently observed in urticaria patients, but their roles in urticaria are not clearly elucidated. We investigated the role of serum specific IgE to thyroid peroxidase (TPO) in patients with aspirin intolerant acute urticaria (AIAU) and aspirin intolerant chronic urticaria (AICU). We recruited 59 AIAU and 96 AICU patients with 69 normal controls (NC). Serum specific IgE to TPO was measured by manual direct ELISA, and CD203c expressions on basophil with additions of TPO were measured to prove a direct role of TPO in effector cells. The prevalences of serum specific IgE to TPO were significantly higher in AIAU (15.2%) and AICU groups (7.5%) compared to NC (0%, P=0.018: P=0.013, respectively). Flow cytometry showed CD203c induction in a dose dependent manner with serial additions of TPO in some AIAU and AICU patients having high specific IgE to TPO. Our findings show that the prevalence of serum specific IgE to TPO was significantly higher in both AIAU and AICU patients than in NC. It is suggested that specific IgE to TPO play a pathogenic role in AIAU and AICU.
Adult ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects ; Aspirin/*adverse effects ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Basophils/drug effects/*immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E/blood/*immunology ; Iodide Peroxidase/blood/*immunology ; Urticaria/*chemically induced/*immunology/pathology

We studied retrospectively on clinical assessment of treatment in myasthenic patients who visited on our department regularly since 1985. They were divided as a group based on therapeutic modalities such as a thymectomy, steroid therapy. Combined therapy(steroid and thymectomy), plasma exchange. And whole body irradiation. We evluated clinical effectiveness of these therapeutic modalities and come up with following conclusions. Alltherapeutic modalities showed effectiveness. In steroid therapy, thymectomy and the combined therapy. W needed at least 6-24 months for clinical improvement. In thymectomy, rognosis was depend on the number of germinal centers. In whole body irradiation. Effectiveness was shown at 5h week and continued to 6th to 12th months. We also noted that symptomatic improvement was correlated with decreased lymphocyte counts. The effect of plasma exchange was rapid but only short duration.
Germinal Center ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Plasma Exchange ; Retrospective Studies ; Thymectomy ; Whole-Body Irradiation

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a ligand of CD44, accumulates in some types of tumors and is responsible for tumor progression. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NRF2) regulates cytoprotective genes and drug transporters, which promotes therapy resistance in tumors. Previously, we showed that high levels of CD44 are associated with NRF2 activation in cancer stem like-cells. Herein, we demonstrate that HA production was increased in doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer MCF7 cells (MCF7-DR) via the upregulation of HA synthase-2 (HAS2). HA incubation increased NRF2, aldo-keto reductase 1C1 (AKR1C1), and multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) levels. Silencing of HAS2 or CD44 suppressed NRF2 signaling in MCF7-DR, which was accompanied by increased doxorubicin sensitivity. The treatment with a HAS2 inhibitor, 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), decreased NRF2, AKR1C1, and MDR1 levels in MCF7-DR. Subsequently, 4-MU treatment inhibited sphere formation and doxorubicin resistance in MCF7-DR. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data analysis across 32 types of tumors indicates the amplification of HAS2 gene is a common genetic alteration and is negatively correlated with the overall survival rate. In addition, high HAS2 mRNA levels are associated with increased NRF2 signaling and poor clinical outcome in breast cancer patients. Collectively, these indicate that HAS2 elevation contributes to chemoresistance and sphere formation capacity of drug-resistant MCF7 cells by activating CD44/ NRF2 signaling, suggesting a potential benefit of HAS2 inhibition.

Nutcracker esophagus is thought to be a common cause of noncardiac chest pain although has not been clearly established, and the effective treatment is lacking. The usual forms of therapy for noncardiac chest pain by nutcracker esophagus have been directed traditionally toward reducing esophageal hypermotility and muscle tone such as nitrate and calcium channel blocker. However, the results of this treatment in the long term care of patient with esophageal symptoms have been generally disappointing and often unsatisfactory. Recently, psychosomatic aspect of esophageal motility disorder including antidepressant treatment has been accepted in the treatment of noncardiac chest pain. We report a 48 year old female with nutcracker esophagus associated chest pain by ambulatory 24 hour esophageal manometry who failed diagnosis by conventional manometry. The symptoms of chest pain, quality of life, and depression of the patient were improved after antidepressant medication.
Calcium Channels ; Chest Pain* ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Esophageal Motility Disorders* ; Female ; Humans ; Long-Term Care ; Manometry ; Middle Aged ; Quality of Life ; Thorax*

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious, virally induced disease of cloven-hoofed animals. FMD-affected countries have suffered from a serious economic impact due to their decreased participation in the international livestock trade. Currently, disease control measures include inhibition of susceptible animal movement, slaughter of infected and susceptible in-contact animals, disinfection, and vaccination with an inactivated whole virus antigen. Researchers have attempted to develop new FMD vaccines to overcome the limitations of the current inactivated vaccine as well as new antivirals to more rapidly induce a protective response. In this study, we discuss the most effective novel FMD vaccines and antiviral strategies that are currently being studied. The vaccine research using subunits, synthetic peptides, DNA, cytokine-enhanced DNA, recombinant empty capsids, chimeric viruses, genetically engineered attenuated viruses, recombinant viral vectors, self-replicating DNA and transgenic plants expressing virus proteins is part of a trend towards novel FMD vaccine development. The antiviral methods using RNA interference (RNAi), RNAi-based recombinant adenoviruses and L(pro) or 3D(pol) inhibitors represent the current replication-inhibiting medicine used to control FMD.
Adenoviridae ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; Capsid ; Disinfection ; DNA ; DNA, Recombinant ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease ; Livestock ; Peptides ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Proteins ; RNA Interference ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Viruses

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious, virally induced disease of cloven-hoofed animals. FMD-affected countries have suffered from a serious economic impact due to their decreased participation in the international livestock trade. Currently, disease control measures include inhibition of susceptible animal movement, slaughter of infected and susceptible in-contact animals, disinfection, and vaccination with an inactivated whole virus antigen. Researchers have attempted to develop new FMD vaccines to overcome the limitations of the current inactivated vaccine as well as new antivirals to more rapidly induce a protective response. In this study, we discuss the most effective novel FMD vaccines and antiviral strategies that are currently being studied. The vaccine research using subunits, synthetic peptides, DNA, cytokine-enhanced DNA, recombinant empty capsids, chimeric viruses, genetically engineered attenuated viruses, recombinant viral vectors, self-replicating DNA and transgenic plants expressing virus proteins is part of a trend towards novel FMD vaccine development. The antiviral methods using RNA interference (RNAi), RNAi-based recombinant adenoviruses and L(pro) or 3D(pol) inhibitors represent the current replication-inhibiting medicine used to control FMD.
Adenoviridae ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; Capsid ; Disinfection ; DNA ; DNA, Recombinant ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease ; Livestock ; Peptides ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Proteins ; RNA Interference ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Viruses

The Dieulafoy's lesion is an unusual cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage that results from the erosion of abnormally large submucosal artery. The lesion is usually located in the stomach, although it may occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. Lower GI bleeding from Dieulafoy- like lesion of rectum is very rare. We describe one patient with extragastric Dieulafoy's disease, in the rectum. Diagnosis was made by endoscopy. Recently, endoscopy is important in the treatment of Dieulafoy-like lesion of rectum including epinephrine injection and coagulation therapy. We treated with the endoscopic management using ligation technique. We report a case that the 65-year old women had a extragastric Dieulafoy's lesion on the rectum, treated by endoscopic ligation with O-ring.
Aged ; Arteries ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; Epinephrine ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Ligation* ; Rectum* ; Stomach

BACKGROUND: Despite the established benefits of diabetes camps for the continuing education of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, little is known about the long-term metabolic benefits of diabetes camps for middle-aged and elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially in terms of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) variability. METHODS: The 1-year mean and variability of HbA1c before and after the diabetes camp was compared between the participants of the diabetes camp (n=57; median age 65 years [range, 50 to 86 years]; median diabetes duration 14 years [range, 1 to 48 years]). Additional case-control analysis compared the metabolic outcomes of the participants of the diabetes camp and their propensity score-matched controls who underwent conventional diabetes education (n=93). RESULTS: The levels of HbA1c during the first year after the diabetes camp were comparable to those of the matched controls (P=0.341). In an analysis of all participants of the diabetes camp, the 1-year mean±standard deviation (SD) of HbA1c decreased (P=0.010 and P=0.041) after the diabetes camp, whereas the adjusted SD and coefficient of variance (CV) of HbA1c did not decrease. The adjusted SD and CV significantly decreased after the diabetes camp in participants whose 1-year mean HbA1c was ≥6.5% before the diabetes camp (n=40) and those with a duration of diabetes less than 15 years (n=32). CONCLUSION: The 1-year mean and SD of HbA1c decreased after the diabetes camp, with significant reduction in the adjusted SD and CV in those with higher baseline HbA1c and a shorter duration of diabetes.
Adult ; Aged* ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* ; Education ; Education, Continuing* ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Self Care*