Among the diverse factors causing obesity, the life styles and the food habits are very important. This study has carried out to evaluate the association between the habit of living and the Body Composition in 132 male and 313 female of 20-75 years old people in Incheon. The research tools are questionnaires of 6 items of life styles(Smoking, Drinking, Frequency of exercises, Normal Activity Degree, Favorite food, Degree of salt ingestion) and a height and Body Composition. The statistical results are as follows : 38% of male and 23% of female were over the normal range(Korean Society of Obesity 2004). Although the tendency of average BMI are increasing, there was no significant difference in comparison of the average BMI according to the age in male. But, the percentage of Body Fat, the Visceral Fat Area and the WHR, there was statistical significance according to age in male. The middle aged group(between 40~50 years) and older group(over 60 years) were over the normal range. In female, there were significant difference in comparison of the average BMI, the percentage of Body Fat, the WHR, the Visceral Fat Area and the Fitness Score. Especially, in the old female group, the BMI and the WHR score were over the normal range. The BMI: There was positive correlation with the Percent Body Fat(r=0.796, r=0.839, p=0.000), the Body Fat Mass(r= 0.891, r=0.932, p=0.000) and the WHR(r=0.783, r=0.902, p=0.000). Frequency of Exercises, Normal activity Degree, Favorite food, Degree of salt ingestion : There was significant difference in comparison of sex(P<0.05). The results of this study hope to provide an opportunity to further examine the relationship of the Healthy Behavior to Body Composition and obesity.
Adipose Tissue ; Body Composition* ; Information Storage and Retrieval* ; Drinking ; Eating ; Exercise ; Female ; Food Habits ; Hope ; Humans ; Incheon* ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Life Style* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reference Values

No abstract available.
Ultrasonics

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a major role in stimulating the synthesis and release of the principal osteoclast-activating cytokines, namely, interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha from immune cells. Although monocytes/macrophages are the main producers of these cytokines, recent evidence has indicated that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) have the ability to release IL-1 and TNF-alpha. Calcium hydroxide has been shown to be an effective medicament in root canal infections, reducing the microbial titre within the canal. It has been proposed that the therapeutic effect of Ca(OH)2 may also be the result of direct inactivation of LPS. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether treatment of Porphyromonas endodontalis LPS with calcium hydroxide alters its biological action as measured by human PMN secretion of IL-1 and TNF-alpha, and it was compared with Escherichia coli LPS. P. endodontalis ATCC 35406 was cultured in anaerobic condition, and LPS was extracted using the hot-phenol water extraction method and purified. Purchased E. coli LPS was also purified. 100 microg/ml of each LPS in pyrogen free water were incubated with 25mg/ml Ca(OH)2 at 37degrees C for 7 days. The supernatants were subjected to ultrafiltration, and the isolates were lyophilized and weighed. PMNs were obtained from peripheral blood by centrifugation layered over Lymphoprep. The cells were resuspended (4x106 cells/ml) in RPMI 1640 followed by treatment with various concentrations of LPS (0, 0.1, 1, 10microg/ml) for 24 hours at 37degrees C in 5% CO2 incubator. The supernatants of cells were collected and the levels of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were as follows; 1. The levels of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha from PMN treated with each LPS were significantly higher than those released from unstimulated PMN of the control group (p<0.05). 2. The levels of all three cytokines released from PMN stimulated with each calcium hydroxide treated LPS were significantly lower than those released from PMN stimulated with each untreated LPS (p<0.05), while they were not significantly different from those released from unstimulated PMN of the control group (p>0.05). 3. The levels of secretion for all three cytokines were affected in a dose-dependent manner in PMN stimulated with each LPS (p<0.05), but not in PMN stimulated with each calcium hydroxide treated LPS (p>0.05). 4. The levels of all three cytokines released from PMN stimulated with P. endodontalis LPS were significantly lower than those released from PMN stimulated with E. coli LPS (p<0.05).
Calcium ; Calcium Hydroxide ; Centrifugation ; Cytokines ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Escherichia coli ; Ficoll ; Humans ; Hydroxides ; Incubators ; Interleukin-1 ; Metrizoate ; Neutrophils ; Porphyromonas ; Porphyromonas endodontalis ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Ultrafiltration ; Water

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate safety and efficacy of systemic or local methotrexate(MTX) injection to patients with unruptured ectopic pregnancy METHODS: From October 1995 to October 1999, 35 unruptured ectopic pregnancies were eligible for the conservative management. 25 tubal pregnancies, 4 cervical pregnancies, 4 pregnancies of previous cesarean section scar, and 2 cornual pregnancies diagnosed by ultrasonography & serumbeta-hCG were evaluated. Patients were treated with one of following three protocols : (1) A single-dose of 50mg/m2 of intramuscullar(IM) MTX(7 cases) (2) Two to four doses of 1.0mg/kg of IM MTX with citrovorum rescue(20 cases) (3) Transvaginal ultrasonogram-guided intra-amniotic instillation of 50mg methotrexate (8 cases) The mean age of these patients was 30.8 yrs (range 24-42) and gestational age at diagnosis ranged from 22-75 days (mean 47). Initial level of serumbeta-hCG ranged from 166.4-55363.8 mIU/mL (mean 9069.2). Patients were monitored with serumbeta-hCG titers three times per week ,and then weekly until the serumbeta-hCG level was less then 10 mIU/mL. RESULT: 31 of 35 patients (88.6%) were successfully treated and remaining 4 patients failed conservative therapy and so required surgery. Mean duration of resolution was 38.5 days (range 11-105). Side effect rate was 45.7% but severity of symptoms were so mild that no treatment was needed in most cases. CONCLUSION: Nonsurgical conservative management of MTX appears to be effective and safe treatment modality for some selected unruptured ectopic pregnancy. But further comparative studies and long-term follow-up are needed to evaluate reproductive outcome and reduce side effects of MTX.
Cesarean Section ; Cicatrix ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Methotrexate* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Pregnancy, Tubal ; Ultrasonography

Inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) is an uncommon benign tumor and a proliferative disease localized to the submucosal area of the gastrointestinal tract. IFP has been detected more frequently with the increasing use of endoscopy. Histologically, gastric IFP is mostly limited to the submucosa, rarely invading the muscle layer. However, we experienced a case of gastric IFP invading the proper muscle layer. A 62-year-old man was referred for evaluation of epigastric pain. Contrast enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen and endoscopic examination revealed a stomach mass. IFP was histologically confirmed by surgical resection, and the patient was discharged without complication. IFP originating in the stomach that invades the muscularis propria is rare compared to that originating in the large or small intestine. The incidence of gastric IFP is relatively low. Invasion of the muscularis propria by IFP depends not only on the location but also the size of the IFP. There have been no published reports on the outcomes of gastric IFP invading the muscularis propria, therefore close follow-up of the present patient is important.
Abdomen ; Endoscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intestine, Small ; Leiomyoma* ; Middle Aged ; Polyps* ; Stomach

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of meaning centered and mindfulnessbased stress management program with using marine resources on positive changes in mood, sleep, quality of life and cognitive function. METHODS: Nine family caregivers of patients with severe disability experienced meaning centered and mindfulness-based stress management program for four-days in marine areas near Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do in South Korea. Subjective questionnaires and objective assessments were conducted and statistically analyzed to examine changes in mood, sleep, quality of life, and cognitive function before, after, and after 6 weeks of participation. RESULTS: After participating in the program, moods including depression improved significantly. This effect lasted until 6 weeks. Participants' sleep quality, quality of life and cognitive function improved significantly after 6 weeks of program participation. CONCLUSIONS This new specialized stress management program using marine resources for family caregivers of patients with severe disability is expected to be used effectively in terms of improving their overall quality of life, mental health status and cognitive efficiency.

The purpose of this study is to identify standardized items from Hospital Discharge Abstract and Analysis data by using UHDDS(Uniform Hospital Discharge Data Sets in USA) and to ascertain the computerization in tertiary hospitals. The data were collected by questionnaire survey, responded 38 hospitals(86.4%) out of 44 tertiary hospitals, and the conclusions are as follows. 1. As for the general characteristics of patient; hospital registration number, patient name, sex and social identification number were reported to 0.92%. 2. As for admission and discharge aspects; admission date was showed 0.92, type of admission and insurance were 0.87%, discharge date 0.92%, the code of primary condition, other diagnoses and primary procedure were 0.89%, disposition of discharge was 0.61%. 3. As for the other characteristics; attending physician license number and name of operating physician were showed 0.87%, birth weight of newborn 0.74%, nationality 0.44%. 4. As for the order communicating system, computerization for the medical record management was showed 57.9%, administration of outpatient 53.6%, administration of inpatient 44.7%, administration of emergency care 28.9%. Judging from the study, the development of Korean Uniform Hospital Discharge Data Sets using Discharge Abstract and Analysis System is applicable to the national wide collection of statistics on the diseases for the discharged patients.
Birth Weight ; Computer Systems ; Dataset ; Diagnosis ; Emergency Medical Services ; Ethnic Groups ; Feasibility Studies* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Inpatients ; Insurance ; Licensure ; Medical Records ; Outpatients ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Social Identification ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Tertiary Healthcare*

PURPOSE: We aimed to translate the Test for Respiratory and Asthma Control in Kids (TRACK) instrument into Korean, with subsequent linguistic validation. METHODS: The multistep process of forward translation, reconciliation, back-translation, cognitive debriefing, and proofreading of the Korean version of the TRACK was completed. RESULTS: Two bilingual medical personnel independently translated the original English version of the TRACK into Korean one. After moderating the translation into a single reconciled one, 4 other bilingual persons were invited to translate the Korean draft back into an English one. Discrepancies between the original English version and the back-translated one were reviewed, and the need to modify the reconciled Korean draft was discussed. Twenty caregivers of asthmatic children took part in interviews that examine the appropriateness of the Korean version of the TRACK. The feedback from caregivers were then reviewed by a panel of pediatric allergists and reflected in the final Korean version. The document was finally proofread to check the spelling, grammar, layout and formatting. CONCLUSION: Translation and linguistic validation of the Korean version of the TRACK instrument were completed.
Asthma* ; Caregivers ; Child ; Humans ; Linguistics* ; Translations

PURPOSE : Since the year 2000, lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer death in South Korea and also in many other parts of the world. MATERIALS AND METHODS : We developed a multidisciplinary (MD) care system for lung cancer patients in 1996. Here, we report the results obtained in the process of development of MD team (MDT). RESULTS : The MDT was launched with including medical doctors, chest surgeons, radiation oncologists, radiologists, nuclear medicine specialists and physician assistants. To facilitate co-operation between the MDT members, a specialized out-patient clinic was located within a sector of the hospital. A common ward was allocated for lung cancer patients regardless of the department of the attending physician. Shared electronic medical record forms that were specialized for lung cancer were developed. The MDT operates weekly lung cancer conferences and multidisciplinary out-patient clinics. To make diagnostic or therapeutic decisions early on, the electronic medical records of the patients were previewed or consulted by the specialists before they meet the individual patients. CONCLUSION : Despite every effort, we still need to shorten the waiting time from presentation to the first treatment and we need to improve the patients' satisfaction. We also have a mission to develop our own regulations and guidelines for our lung cancer MD care system. Clinical trials and basic research should also be encouraged along with improving the quality of life of the team members
Congresses as Topic ; Electronic Health Records ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Missions and Missionaries ; Nuclear Medicine ; Outpatients ; Physician Assistants ; Quality of Life ; Republic of Korea ; Social Control, Formal ; Specialization ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: Infection, one of the complications associated with procedures, can cause fatal outcomes for patients. Although the local anesthetic agent we use is less susceptible to infection due to its antibacterial action, we performed this study to check the change in the antibacterial effect of lidocaine in various clinical conditions. METHODS: After exposing lidocaine to five contaminated environments, we checked on whether the bacteria could be cultured in blood agar plate (BAP) media. In each contaminated environment, lidocaine was exposed for 4 h (n = 9) and 8 h (n = 9), and the results were compared. Lidocaine was swabbed with chlorhexidine (group A), brought into contact with saliva (group B), skin (group C), an operating room floor and an outpatient room floor (group D), operating room air for 24 h (group A-a), and outpatient room air for 24 h (group A-b). After exposure, the culture was initiated. RESULTS: In 2 of 9 BAP media where lidocaine was exposed to saliva (group B) for 8 h, growth of a colony was observed. In gram staining, it was found to be Streptococcus viridans. No bacteria were found in any other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Though lidocaine has strong antibacterial activity, it has been found that long-term exposure to a contaminated environment reduces its antibacterial activity and that drug contamination can be heavily affected not only by environmental but also human effects. Therefore, the use of aseptic drugs is necessary, and stopping the reuse of the drug is a way to prevent complications, including infection.
Agar ; Bacteria ; Chlorhexidine ; Drug Contamination ; Fatal Outcome ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Operating Rooms ; Outpatients ; Saliva ; Skin ; Viridans Streptococci