No abstract available.
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic*

The hypotensive effect of diltiazem hydrochloride(Herben(R)) was investigated with 32 cases of essential hypertension. Diltiazem, 90-180mg per day, was administer ed in divided doses to each of the subjects for 6 week and the blood pressure lowering effect was assessed, as remarkably effective when the lowering of blood pressure was, 20mmHg or more of systolic pressure and 10mmHg or more of diastolic pressure; as satisfactorily effective when 20mmH or more of systolic pressure or 10mmHg or more of diastolic pressure was lowered; as fairly effective when 10-19mmHg of systolic pressure and 5-9mmHg of diastolic pressure. 1. With above mentioned criteria, diltiazem was remarkably, satisfactorily and fairly effective in 11(37%), 13(43%) and 1(3%) of 30 patients, respectively, while the drug was ineffective in 5(17%). 2. Diltiazem was effective in lowering of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and was effective as a sole agent of as an agent of combination therapy. 3. With diltiazem treatment, the depressed ST segment was conversed to isoelectric line in all of 10 cases which showed ST depression before diltiazem treatment and the elevated ST segment was conversed to isoelectric line in 1 of 2 cases. all of 4 cases with flat T wave and 10 of 12 cases with inverted T wave showed conversion to upright T waves after diltiazem treatment. 4. Undesirable side effects was observed in 2 cases out of 32 cases(6%); 1 case of erythema multiforme-like skin eruption and 1 case of the clinical aggravation of congestive heart failure, in whom the diltiazem administration was discontinued.
Blood Pressure ; Depression ; Diltiazem* ; Erythema ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Skin

As it has been reported that the depolarization induced acetylcholine (ACh) release is modulated by activation of presynaptic A-1 adenosine heteroreceptor and various evidence suggest that indicate the A-2 adenosine receptor is present in the striatum, this study was undertaken to delineate the role of adenosine receptors on the striatal ACh release. Slices from the rat striatum were equilibrated with (3H)choline and then the release amount of the labelled product, (3H)ACh, which was evoked by electrical stimulation (rectangular pulses, 3 Hz, 2 ms, 24 mA, 5 Vcm-1, 2 min), was measured, and the influence of various agents on the evoked tritium outflow was investigated. And also, quantitative receptor autoradiography and drug-receptor binding assay were performed in order to confirm the presence and characteristics of A-1 and A-2 adenosine receptors in the rat striatum. Adenosine (10 ~ 100 micrometer) and N-6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA, 1 ~ 100 micrometer) decreased the (3H)ACh release in a dose-dependent manner without changing the basal rate of release in the rat striatum. The reducing effects of ACh release by adenosine and CPA were abolished by 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropy-lxanthine (DPCPX, 2 micrometer), a selective A-1 adenosine receptor antagonist, treatment. The effect of adenosine was potentiated markedly by 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 10 micrometer), a specific A-2 adenosine receptor antagonist. 2-P-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamimo-5'-N- ethylcarboxamidoadenosine hydrochloride (CGS-21680C), in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10 micrometer, a recently introduced potent A-2 adenosine receptor agonist, increased the(3 H)ACh release in a dose related fashion without changing the basal rate of release. These effects were completely abolished by DMPX (10 micrometer). In autoradiogaphy experiments, (3H)2-chloro-N-6-cyclopentyladenosine ((3 H)CCPA) bindings were highly localized in the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex. Additionally, lower levels of binding were found in the striatum. However, (3H)CGS-21680C bindings were highly localized in the striatal region with the greatest density of binding found in the caudate nucleus and putamen. Lower levels of binding were also found in the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle. In drug-receptor binding assay, binding of (3H)CCPA to A-1 adenosine receptors of rat striatal membranes was inhibited by CPA (K-i = 1.6nM) and N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA, K-i = 12.9 nM), but not by CGS-21680C (K-i = 2609.2 nM) and DMPX (K-i = 19,386 nM). In contrast, (3H)CGS-21680C binding to A-2 adenosine receptors was inhibited by CGS-21680C (K-i = 47.6 rim) and NECA (K-i = 44.9 nM), but not by CPA (K-i = 2099.2 nM) and DPCPX (K-i = 19,207 nM). The results presented here suggest that both types of A-1 and A-2 adenosine heteroreceptors exist and play an important role in ACh release in the rat striatal cholinergic neurons.
Acetylcholine* ; Adenosine* ; Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide) ; Animals ; Autoradiography ; Caudate Nucleus ; Cerebral Cortex ; Cholinergic Neurons ; Electric Stimulation ; Hippocampus ; Membranes ; Nucleus Accumbens ; Olfactory Pathways ; Putamen ; Rats* ; Receptors, Purinergic P1* ; Tritium

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the positioning errors according to the method of bonding lingual brackets. Dental models of twenty orthodontic patients with malocclusion were selected for this study. The positioning errors were measured on each model that brackets were bonded to. Three different bonding methods were used. For the first method, the bracket was bonded intimately to the lingual surface of the model. For the second method, the bracket was bonded intimately to the lingual surface after setting up using articulator. The passive bracketing, bonding the bracket ligated first to ideal archwire, was used after setting up as the last method. The results were as follows: 1. The brackets bonded without setting up showed greater angulation errors in the upper 1st premolar and the lower canine than those in other bonding methods. The brackets bonded without passive bracketing showed greater positioning errors in upper central incisor, lower 1st and 2nd premolars. 2. The brackets bonded without setting up showed greater torque error in lower 2nd premolar than those in other bonding methods. The brackets bonded without passive bracketing showed greater torque errors in all upper teeth, lower 1st and 2nd premolars. 3. The brackets bonded without passive bracketing showed greater rotation errors between upper central incisors, lower central incisors, lower lateral and central incisor, lower canine and lateral incisor. 4. The brackets bonded without setting up showed greater in-out errors between upper canine and lateral incisor than those in other bonding methods. The brackets bonded without passive bracketing showed greater in-out errors between upper central incisors, upper central and lateral incisors, upper 1st and 2nd premolars, lower lateral and central incisors, lower canine and lateral incisor. These results suggest that there is a large amount of positioning error in lingual brackets even by an indirect bonding technique, and it may be reduced by passive bracketing.
Bicuspid ; Dental Articulators ; Dental Models ; Humans ; Incisor ; Malocclusion ; Tooth ; Torque

Purpose: To report the short-term clinical outcomes after intrascleral fixation of intraocular lenses (IOLs) using oblique intrascleral tunnels. Methods: We retrospectively studied 17 patients (18 eyes) who underwent flanged intrascleral IOL fixation from October 2019 to October 2021. The patients were divided into those who underwent fixation using horizontal (group A) and oblique (group B) intrascleral tunnels. We compared the best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs), cylindrical powers, refractive errors (the differences between the targeted spherical equivalents [SEs] and postoperative SEs) before and 3 months after surgery, and operating times. Results: At 3 months vs. preoperatively, there were no significant differences in BCVA (-0.83 ± 0.43 vs. -0.48 ± 0.59), refractive error (-0.06 ± 0.97 diopter [D] vs. -0.05 ± 0.80 D), cylindrical power (-0.42 ± 3.81 D vs. -0.33 ± 1.20 D), or operating time (83.33 ± 28.05 minutes [min] vs. 66.33 ± 20.57 min) between groups A and B, respectively. Conclusions In terms of the short-term clinical outcomes after use of horizontal and oblique intrascleral tunnels, we found no significant differences in any parameters studied. However, use of an oblique intrascleral tunnel may shorten the operating time.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of local anesthesia compared to spinal anesthesia and the usefulness of pentothal induction before infiltration of a local anesthetic agent. METHODS: A concurrent non-randomized prospective study was conducted on 52 patients who underwent a hemorrhoidectomy. For the spinal anesthesia (SA) group (n=29), 0.5% heavy bupivacaine (Marcaine(R)), 5 mg (1 ml), was used, and for the local anesthesia (LA) group (n=23), pentothal, 3.3 mg/kg, was administrated intravenously prior to infiltration of a mixture of local anesthetics (2% lidocaine, 14 ml, with 0.5% bupivacaine, 7 ml). RESULTS: There were no differences between the two groups in terms of operating time, postoperative pain, headache, urinary difficulty, nausea or vomiting, pain-free interval after operation, analgesic requirements, and patient's or surgeon's satisfaction. Postoperative ambulation was earlier in the LA group than in the SA group. CONCLUSIONS: Local anesthesia after pentothal induction can be used effectively for a hemorrhoidectomy and may be a safe alternative to spinal anesthesia.
Anesthesia, Local* ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Anesthetics, Local ; Bupivacaine ; Headache ; Hemorrhoidectomy* ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Nausea ; Pain, Postoperative ; Prospective Studies* ; Thiopental* ; Vomiting ; Walking

PURPOSE: Hemorrhoidal tissues are normal anatomic structures present in every individual, and they act as cushions and are anchored to the internal anal sphincter by a connective tissue system. When the anchoring connective tissues undergo bears degenerative changes, the hemorrhoids not only bulge but also descend into the lumen of the anal canal. The veins also become distended. The previous hemorrhoidectomy methods (excision and ligation methods) tend to remove excessive amounts of hemorrhoidal tissues, possibly causing incontinence or stenosis. This study introduces a modified hemorrhoidectomy method. METHODS: A retrospective study was done with 650 patients (358 males, 292 females) who underwent hemorroidectomies from Jan. 1997 to Jan. 2000. Under saddle-block anesthesia, the patient was placed in a prone jack-knife position. After narrow incisions on the mucosa of the selected pile, a bilateral submucosal dissection was performed. The pedicle was ligated by transfixing sutures 2 or 3 times with 2-0 chromic catgut to lift up the mucosa. RESULTS: The mean operation time per hemorrhoidal pile was 12.7 minutes, and the mean hospital-stay was 4.3 days. Acute and delayed postoperative anal bleeding occurred in 7 (1.1%) and 3 (0.5%) patients, respectively. The symptoms of both subsided spontaneously. Ninety-three (93) patients (14.3%) reguired nelaton catheterization for voiding difficulty, and one patient (0.2%) showed mild anal stenosis. The most frequent complaint was skin-tag formation (148 cases, 22.8%). In 140 cases, the skin tag was removed under local anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: It is desirable to keep the normal structure of the anal canal by removing as little of the cushions as possible. Our 'lift-up submucosal hemorrhoidectomy' shows good results and is an easy operative method when compared with Parks' original method.
Anal Canal ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Local ; Catgut ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Connective Tissue ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Hemorrhage ; Hemorrhoidectomy* ; Hemorrhoids ; Humans ; Ligation ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Sutures ; Veins

BACKGROUND: Prevalence of adenoma in males aged 40-49 years in Korea was higher than expected. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of colorectal adenoma in males aged 40-49 years. METHODS: Total 1,902 asymptomatic subjects with a mean age of 47.9±6.7 years, who underwent a screening colonoscopy in a health promotion center of Myongji Hospital from 2010 to 2013 were enrolled in this study. We conducted a case-control study to determine the risk factors for adenoma. The subjects were classified into two groups (adenoma vs. controls). To validate the diagnostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for adenoma, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated. RESULTS: At least one colorectal adenoma was identified in 385 subjects (20.2%). Among these 385 subjects, 372 subjects were found to have a non-advanced adenoma, 13 subjects had an invasive adenoma. One subject had cancer. Male sex, age, smoking, metabolic syndrome, and elevated CEA level were significantly associated with a colorectal adenoma in univariate analysis. However, metabolic syndrome was not significant in multivariate analysis. In the male group, the AUROC of CEA for colorectal adenoma was 0.600 (0.543 to 0.656) in non-smokers under 50 years of age, and 0.615 (0.540 to 0.690) in smokers under 50 years of age. CONCLUSION: Male sex, smoking, and high levels of CEA seem to be associated with colorectal adenoma. High levels of CEA and smoking may be diagnostic markers for any colorectal adenoma in Korean males aged 40-49 years.
Adenoma* ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen* ; Case-Control Studies ; Colonoscopy ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Korea ; Male* ; Mass Screening ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; ROC Curve ; Smoke* ; Smoking*

Hodgkin's disease primarily involves the lymphoreticular system with characteristic tumor cells and infiltration of reactive lymphocytes, eosinophils and plasma cells. The present study investigates the incidence of the disease by subtypes and by geographic differences, its clinicopathologic features and properties of the tumor cells. Fifty-eight cases were retrospectively reviewed, and the results were as follows; 1) Histopathologic classification by the Rye modification were; lymphocyte predominance(LP) 4 cases, nodular sclerosis (NS) 12 cases, mixed cellularity (MC) 26 cases and lymphocyte depletion(LD) 16 cases 2) The geographic difference in the distribution of subtypes of Hodgkin's disease between the Seoul and Wonju areas was noted and in Seoul, the ratio of NS was higher than in Wonju, and the ratio of LD was higher in Wonju than in Seoul 3) Age distribution was between 6 and 7O years with a mean age of 37 years. The peak incidence was seen between the 3rd and 5th decades. The male to female ratio was 2.9:1 with 43 male patients and 15 female 4) Utilizing the Ann Arbor staging method, 75-87.5% of LP, MC and NS were classified as stage I or II and 81.3% of LD were stage III or IV 5) The initial biopsy sites most commonly seen were in the peripheral lymph nodes (54 cases) and one case each in the mediastinal lymph node, thymus, tonsil and stomach 6) The most frequent initial chief complaint was a palpable mass (60.3%), other complaints included fever, cough, dyspnea, anorexia general weakness and hematemesis 7) Among 58 cases, 32 cases were studied using an immunoperoxidase stain. The Reed-Stemberg (R-S) cells and/or Hodgkin's cells were positive for Kappa and Lambda light chains, simultaneously. One case was positive for lysozyme and all were negative for S-100 protein. For the (C)u-antichymotrypsin, 13 cases exhibited a positive reaction. These findings suggest that R-S cells might be the histiocytic origin.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Child ; Female ; Histiocytes/pathology ; Hodgkin Disease/*pathology ; Human ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Male ; Middle Age ; Neoplasm Staging ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Nonpalpable breast abnormalities which require excision and biopsy usually require marker localization. Many of these abnormalities are visible on ultrasound and this imaging technique can be used to guide fine needle aspiration and the placement of a wire marker prior to surgical excision. A non-invasive technique which does not require placement of a wire marker would offer significant advantages, being more pleasant for the patient and less demanding on resources. We attempted to localize 36 nonpalpable breast masses with non-invasive ultrasound marker technique at the department of general surgery, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital, between January 1994 and February 1995. Cases clearly visible on ultrasound, whether on mammography(15 patients) or not(17 patients), underwent non-invasive ultrasound localization. In all cases the abnormality was easily identified and removed during surgery. The surgical biopsies contained fibroadenoma(19 cases), fibrocystic disease(12 cases), epithelial hyperplasia(1 case), intraductal papilloma(1 case), parasitic disease(1 case) and infiltrating ductal carcinoma(2 cases). The average age was 43 years old.. This non-invasive technique is a simple and accurate method for localizing small ultrasonically visible nonpalpable breast abnormalities, especially in younger female patient with dense breast, though further trials and studies will be attempted.
Adult ; Biopsy* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Breast* ; Female ; Humans ; Ultrasonography*