No abstract available.
Umbilical Cord*

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the effective cleaning of healing abutment (HA) using Healing abutment case (HA case) by observing oral microorganisms with phase contrast microscope. Materials and methods: 32 patients with two or more implants placed in the same jaw, a total of 64 HAs (experimental group 32, control group 32) were selected and the control was cleaned with an alcohol swab. At the first and second visits, each group was observed before cleaning, and the experimental group was additionally observed after cleaning at the first visit. A 400× phase contrast microscope was used for the observation of oral microorganisms for its amounts. Results: There was no significant difference in the amount of oral microorganisms was found between the groups at the first visit, no significant difference according to gender, maxilla or mandible, and buccal or lingual surface. There was a statistically significant difference in the amount of oral microorganisms according to supra-gingival and sub-gingival (P<.05), There was also a significant difference in the comparison before and after cleaning in the experimental group (P<.05). There was a significant difference in the amount of oral microorganisms in each group at second visit (P<.05). Conclusion Healing abutment cleaning using healing abutment case solution is more effective than simple cleaning with alcohol swab.

In order to observe the changes in left ventricular function during coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion, left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries in the anesthetized dogs were occluded for 1 hour and then reperfused for 4 hours. Hemodynamic indexes of global systolic and diastolic function and regional wall thickness changes as a regional contractile index were measured during occlusion and reperfusion. The results were as follows; 1) Indexes of global systolic function (left ventricular peak systolic pressure, peak positive dP/dt) and global diastolic function (peak negative dP/dt, time constant, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure) showed deterioration in early occlusion period (10-30 minutes) but gradually improved even if coronary occlusion persisted. Reperfusion did not induce significant changes except that peak positive dP/dt transiently deteriorated 30 minutes after reperfusion and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure decreased 1.5-2 hours after reperfusion. 2) Indexed of regional function (i.e, end-diastolic thickness and % systolic thickening of anterior left ventricular wall) deteriorated by 10 minutes' occlusion which persisted during the entire occlusion period. Reperfusion induced no significant improvement in regional contractile function compared with occlusion 60 minutes' data, which suggested reperfusion for 4 hours after 1 hour's LAD occlusion may be insufficient for the ischemic region to recover its contractility. 3) Reperfusion arrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia) was noted in most (6/9) of the dogs, one of which deteriorated into ventricular fibrillation and the others spontaneously converted to normal sinus rhythm.
Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Blood Pressure ; Coronary Occlusion ; Coronary Vessels* ; Dogs ; Hemodynamics ; Reperfusion* ; Ventricular Fibrillation ; Ventricular Function, Left*

BACKGROUND: Cyclosporine has a narrow therapeutic window and many serious side effects. The new oral microemulsion cyclosporine is known to have better absorption profile than non-microemulsion cyclosporine. The purpose of this study was to confirm above finding in stable renal transplant patients and also to compare correlation between AUC0-4 and C0, C2. METHODS: We checked the absorption profile of microemulsion cyclosporine group (N=15, ME group) and non-microeulsion cyclosporine group (N=15, NE group). All Patients had received renal transplantation at least 12 months before. Blood sampling for cyclosporine level was drawn before and at 1, 2, 3 hour after the cyclosporine morning dose (respectively C0, C1, C2 and C3). AUC0-4 was calculated with the formula: 256+C1+0.9xC2+1.4xC3. Age, sex, body weight, serum creatinine and cyclosporine dose were not different between ME group and NE group, but duration after transplantation was significantly higher in NE group (4.7+/-0.8 versus 3.0+/-1.9 year, p<0.05). RESULTS: AUC0-4 in ME group was significantly higher than NE group (2, 816+/-721 versus 2, 055+/-658 ng.h/mL, p<0.05). AUC0-4/dose, Cmax and Cmax/ dose were significantly higher in ME group. But these statistical differences were not consistent in both sexes. The difference of absorption profile between ME and NE group existed only in the female sex. In ME group, C1 correlated best with AUC0-4 (C0: r=0.493, C1: r=0.911, C2: r=0.906, C3: r= 0.789) and in NE group, C2 was the best (C0: r= 0.064, C1: r=0.958, C2: r=0.980, C3: r=0.912). CONCLUSION: Microemulsion cyclosporine is more bioavailable than non-microemulsion cyclosporine in stable renal transplant patients. C2 is better single time point marker for therapeutic drug monitoring in stable renal transplant patients than C0.
Absorption* ; Area Under Curve ; Body Weight ; Creatinine ; Cyclosporine* ; Drug Monitoring* ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Transplantation*

Adult onset Stills Disease (AOSD) is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by spiking high fevers, arthritis, and an evanescent rash. Although many patients respond to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroid, some patients fail to do so or are found to be resistant and require high doses of corticosteroid which induce severe side effects. Recently, treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been reported to be effective in patients with AOSD who were refractory to NSAIDs. Here, we report a case of AOSD treated with IVIG with a review of the literature.
Adult* ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Arthritis ; Exanthema ; Fever ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins* ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Still's Disease, Adult-Onset*

Oral or rectal sodium phosphate(NaP) preparation is commonly used for the colonic cleansing. Since the sole route of excretion of absorbed phosphate is renal, diminished renal function will limit the ability to excrete a sudden phosphate load. To date, about 20 adult cases of hyerphosphatemia associated with oral or rectal sodium phosphate solution have been reported, but not a single case in Korea to our knowledge. We report two cases of hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia after the administration of NaP(Colclean(R)) to reemphasizes the potential hazard of sodium phosphate bowel preparation in patients with compromised renal function.
Adult ; Colon ; Humans ; Hyperphosphatemia* ; Hypocalcemia* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Korea ; Laxatives* ; Sodium

Thrombosis is one of the important complications of nephrotic syndrome. The mechanism of vascular thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome is under debate, but the hypercoagulable state is regarded as a predisposing factor to that. Most of vascular thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome have occurred in veins. Arterial thrombosis is relatively uncommon and often related with steroid or diuretic use. We experienced a case of bilateral popliteal arterial occlusion due to femoral arterial thrombosis as the first presentation of nephrotic syndrome. A 59-year old male patient was admitted with complaints of pain on left lower extremity for five days. The diagnosis of thrombosis in left popliteal artery was made by arterial angiography. The emergent thrombolytic therapy and anticoagulation was performed. During anticoagulation, another episode of bilateral popliteal arterial occlusion was occurred once again. He had heavy proteinuria, and renal pathology revealed minimal change disease. There was no recurrence of thrombosis for 1 year after treatment with steroid and warfarin.
Angiography ; Causality ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrosis, Lipoid* ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Pathology ; Popliteal Artery ; Proteinuria ; Recurrence ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Thrombosis* ; Veins ; Warfarin

There have been a few cases of occupational allergy caused by herb materials. In this study, we report a case of occupational asthma and rhinitis sensitized by six kinds of herb materials-Ostericum (Kangwhal), Angelica (Danggui), Cnidium (Chunkung), Pinellia (Banha), Zingerber (Kunkang) and Discoreae (Sanyak) in a pharmacist working at a pharmacy. The patient had shown negative responses to 80 common inhalant and food allergens, but strong positive responses to six herb material extracts, Kangwhal, Danggui, Chunkung, Banha, Kunkang and Sanyak, were noted on skin-prick test. Bronchoprovocation test showed a dual asthmatic response to Danggui extract. Serum specific IgE antibodies to Chunkung, Banha and Sanyak were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with no specific IgE binding to Kangwhal, Danggui and Kunkang extracts. In order to further characterize the allergic components of these three extracts, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and electroblotting studies were performed. One IgE binding components (60 kDa) were detected within Chunkung extract, two (10, 25 kDa) in Banha and four (33, 34, 65, 98 kDa) in Sanyak. It is suggested that Chunkung, Banha and Sanyak may induce IgE-mediated bronchoconstriction in an exposed worker. Further studies are needed to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms induced by Kangwhal, Danggui and Kunkang.
Allergens ; Angelica ; Antibodies ; Asthma ; Asthma, Occupational* ; Bronchoconstriction ; Cnidium ; Electrophoresis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E ; Occupational Diseases ; Pharmacists ; Pharmacy ; Pinellia ; Rhinitis ; Sodium

No abstract available.

The physiological roles of brain angiotensin II in mediating water deprivation-induced drinking and in regulating renal renin release were assessed in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Specific AT1 receptor antagonists, losartan and SK 1080, and antisense oligonucleotide (AS-ODN) directed to AT1 receptor mRNA were intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered in conscious unrestrained rats. When water was given 20 min after i.c.v. injection of AT1 receptor antagonists in 48-h water-deprived rats, losartan and SK 1080 produced approximatly 20% and 50% decrease in 1-h water intake, respectively. In contrast, i.c.v. treatment of the AS-ODN to AT1 receptor mRNA for 24-h did not alter 1-h water intake in 24-h water-deprived rats, but prevented the increase in overnight water intake after 24-h water-deprivation. Six-day i.c.v. treatment of AS-ODN did not alter either the basal plasma renin concentration or renal cortical levels of renin and renin mRNA. The present results suggest that endogenous brain Ang II plays an important role in thirst and water intake through AT1 receptors, but further studies are required to elucidate its regulatory role in renal renin synthesis.
Angiotensin II* ; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists* ; Angiotensins* ; Animals ; Brain* ; Drinking* ; Humans ; Losartan ; Male ; Negotiating ; Plasma ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Angiotensin* ; Renin* ; RNA, Messenger ; Thirst ; Water