BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggested that Pityrosporum may play an important role in the pathogenesis of dandruff. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study the statistical and mycobgic findings of dandruff in normal subjects for better understanding of this condition. MEHTODS: Scales frorn the scalp of 384 students were studied stastistically by answer sheets and clinically by a dermatologist. Mycologic studies of Pityrosporum were also performed by direct smear, culture and inoculation to guinea pigs. RESULTS: There were 76.0% subjects with dandruff. Clinically grading the subjects by Kligrnan's scale, grade III and IV(mild caling) were the most. Dandruff developed commonly at the age of 14 to 16, and no seasonal change was observed. Spores of Pityrosporum were observed in all subjects by KOH microscopic examination with Cohens method, and the grading of the dandruff was not related with the number of the spores. In most subjects, P. orbiculare and P. ovae were found together. Positive culture colonies were observed in 93.7%. Inoculation of the cultured colonies to guinea pigs resulted in an experimental dermatitis. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that Pityrosporum may involve in the pathogenesis of dandruff; however, it is still unclear whether Pityrosporum is a main causative agent of dandruff.
Animals ; Dandruff* ; Dermatitis ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Malassezia ; Ovum ; Scalp ; Seasons ; Spores ; Weights and Measures

No abstract available.
Nephritis, Hereditary*

We report a case of cutaneous sarcoidosis which occurred in a 32-year-old female who had, in addition to some cutaneous nodules, recently developed an acute spontaneous erythematous area of induration in old scars on her forehead and lower lip. Histopathologic findings revealed well-demarcated islands of epitheloid cells with a few giant, cells. In addition, slight admixture of lyrnphoid cells with present. at the margins of the epitheloid cell granulomas. Complete regression of the skin lesions was obtained with systemic steroid therapy without recurrence for some 8 months.
Adult ; Cicatrix ; Female ; Forehead ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Islands ; Lip ; Recurrence ; Sarcoidosis* ; Skin

No abstract available.
Granular Cell Tumor*

Malignant germ cell tumore occur in children and young women in reproductive age, of all the germ cell maligaanci orily pure dysgerminiomas had a high cure rate prior to 1970. This was due to the exquisite wdioseneitivity of these tumors. Multiple agent chemotherapy has dramatieally improved the pr nosis af patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. The purpose of this study is to report the experience at Aaan Medical Center, department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, in 16 patients withmalignant ovarian germ cell tumors treated between July, l989 and June, l994. We analyzed the effect of age, histolagic subtype, FIGO stage, surgical pmcedurse and regimens of chemotherapy, on the prognosis of thwe tumors. The results obtained were as follows: 1. In histologic subtypes, dysgenninoma(38.0%), endodermal sinus tumor(25.0%), squamous cell carcinoma arising in mature cystic teratoma(19.0%), mixed cell tumor(6.0%), immature teratoma(6.0%), malignant ectodermal tumor in mature cystic teratoma(6.0%), were counted in order. 2. No site predilection was identifed. 3. Main initial symptoms were abdominal distension(31.0%), abdominal pain(31.0%), abdominal mass palpation(25.0%), amenorrhea(6.0%) in order. 4. Multiple tumor markers were considered to be useful in diagnosis and follow up of malignant germ cell tumors of ovary. 5. The mean age of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors was 29.5 years, and 11 cases(69.3%) of tumors under the age of 30.0 years. 6. The survival rate seemed to be decreased with advancing FIGO stage.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Ectoderm ; Endoderm ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Germ Cells* ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal* ; Obstetrics ; Ovary* ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Biomarkers, Tumor

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of severity of functional disability, caused by physical illness, on the depressive symptoms and depressive disorders of the elderly patients (above 65 year-old) with physical illness. METHOD: Complete medical and psychiatric evaluations were achieved on 138 patients, except the 12 patients, who were severely cognitively impaired (MMSE-K score;below 19), of the 150 elderly patients (above 65 year-old) with physical illness. Sociodemographic data and health characteristic data were systematically collected, and the severity of functional disability caused by physical illness was evaluated. Depression scales (KGDS, GDS, MADRS) on 138 elderly patients were executed. In addition, based on the 61 patients of the 65 elderly patients (above 65 years old) with physical illness, except 4 patients who were severely cognitively impaired (MMSE-K score;below 19), sociodemographic data and health characteristic data were collected. The clinical diagnosis by DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and KGDS on 61 elderly patients were performed, and their functional disability caused by physical illness was evaluated. RESULTS: The frequency of depressive symptoms showed 50.0%, 36.2%, and 35.5%, respectively in KGDS, GDS, and MADRS. The patients with severe functional disability caused by physical illness-compared with those with mild functional disability-had significantly higher score on the depression scales (KGDS, GDS, MADRS). The correlation between severity of functional disability caused by physical illness and depression scales was highly positive. Severity of functional disability caused by physical illness was the strongest contributor to the depression scales. In the additional study, 19.7% of patients were diagnosed as major depressive disorder, 18% of them as dysthymic disorder, and depressive disorder (major depressive disorder & dysthymic disorder) group-compared with nondepressive disorder group-showed significantly higher score on the FDRPT and KGDS. CONCLUSION: The frequency of depressive symptoms and depressive disorder in elderly patients with physical illness was higher, compared with those in general elderly people. Functional disability caused by physical illness most highly influenced on depressive symptoms. Thus, it is important to discriminate whether the elderly patients with physical illness have depressive symptoms or not. In addition, we assumed that KGDS was not only highly correlated with other depression scales (GDS, MADRS), but also had the high diagnostic power of dis-crimination for depressive symptoms and depressive disorder. This study suggested that KGDS was available in screening depression in the elderly patients with physical illness. It was necessary to study systematically the availability of KGDS in the future.
Aged* ; Depression* ; Depressive Disorder ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Dysthymic Disorder ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Weights and Measures

No abstract available.
Rabbits*

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to assess changes in hip muscles by comparing results of preoperative and postoperative computed tomography (CT) in older patients who underwent surgery for treatment of hip fracture. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients (aged ≥65 years) who underwent surgery for treatment of intertrochanteric fractures (25 patients) and femoral neck fractures (25 patients) between February 2013 and February 2019 and underwent preoperative and postoperative pelvic CT were enrolled in the study. The crosssectional area, attenuation and estimates of muscle mass of the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, iliopsoas, and rectus femoris on the uninjured side were measured. Basic patient data (sex, age, height, weight, body mass index [BMI], bone mineral density [BMD], Harris hip score [HHS], and length of follow-up) were collected from medical records. Results: No significant differences in sex, age, height, weight, BMI, BMD, HHS, and length of follow-up were observed between the two groups. No significant difference in the cross-sectional areas and attenuations of gluteus medius and gluteus minimus was observed after surgery; however, a statistically significant decrease was observed in those of iliopsoas and rectus femoris after surgery. Lower estimates with statistical significance of muscle mass of the iliopsoas and rectus femoris were observed on postoperative CT. Conclusion Muscle mass of the hip flexor (iliopsoas, rectus femoris) showed significant decreases on postoperative CT compared with preoperative CT. Based on these findings, selective strengthening exercise for hip flexor should be beneficial in rehabilitation of hip fractures.

Purpose: There is controversy as to whether brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be performed on all children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) including those judged to have mild GHD. This study was aimed to determine the frequency of pituitary or intracranial abnormalities in pediatric GHD and to identify risk factors that may predict pituitary or intracranial abnormalities. Methods: A total of 95 pediatric GHD patients were included. Their medical records and brain magnetic resonance (MR) images were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Abnormal pathogenic MR images were found in 14 patients (14.7%), including 10 (10.5%) with pituitary hypoplasia and 4 (4.2%) with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome. Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-I standard deviation score (SDS), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and growth hormone (GH) peak level of GH stimulation test were statistically significantly lower in the group with abnormal brain MRI. The frequency of abnormal MRI was statistically significantly higher in the complete GHD group. IGF-1 SDS showed the highest area under the curve which can predict the presence of brain abnormality with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 71.4%, if IGF-1 SDS was less than -1.365. IGF-1, IGFBP3, and GH peak levels also showed good sensitivity of over 80% for predicting brain abnormalities with cutoff values of 70.285 ng/mL, 1,604 ng/mL, and 4.205 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of each cutoff value of IGF-1, IGF-1 SDS, IGFBP3, and GH peak levels were good and statistically significant in predicting brain MRI abnormalities. However, it was insufficient to predict all brain abnormalities with these variables. Therefore, we would like to recommend performing a brain MRI if a child is diagnosed with GHD.

Lipomas are benign tumors originating from adipocytes, and less than 1% of lipomas occur in the fingers. While most lipomas can be managed with observation, those occurring in the fingers can cause symptoms and functional impairment due to the proximity of the subcutaneous fat layer to nerves and blood vessels. Herein, the authors report a case of a patient who experienced finger numbness due to a lipoma extending from the fourth proximal phalanx to the middle phalanx. In cases like this, where initial symptoms are present in the finger but the mass is not palpable, it is essential to actively pursue a diagnosis using ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging. Also, in cases of lipomas causing symptoms and functional impairment, early removal may be beneficial for alleviating the patient's symptoms.