Purpose: This study has sought to determine the levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and attachment among fathers raising high-risk infants and to identify the factors influencing paternal attachment. Methods: The participants were 85 fathers who were raising high-risk infants aged 6 months or younger and visiting a general hospital in Busan Metropolitan City. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect information on the general characteristics of fathers and children, PTSD, depression, and attachment. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with paternal attachment. Results: The average scores reported by fathers were as follows: 4.68±0.27 out of 5 for attachment, 19.51±15.40 out of 88 for PTSD, and 13.21±10.07 out of 60 for depression. Among fathers, 29.4% and 20% experienced PTSD and depression, respectively. The first model revealed that the use of a ventilator, the age of the infant, and desired sex of the infant were associated with paternal attachment, predicting 30% of the variance. In the second model, in which PTSD and depression were added, PTSD influenced paternal attachment. This model predicts a 52% variance. Conclusion The formation of paternal attachment, which begins immediately after a child’s birth, plays a crucial role in a child’s cognitive, emotional, and social development. To enhance the attachment of fathers raising high-risk newborns, neonatal nurses should screen fathers for PTSD early and plan appropriate interventions.

Purpose: This study was conducted to gain a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of infection control nurses’ burnout experiences in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We recruited 11 infection control nurses (ICNs) who worked in hospitals in Korea through purposive sampling. Data collected through one-to-one, in-depth interviews were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Infection control nurses’ burnout experiences were categorized into five themes and 11 sub-themes. The themes were as follows: “challenges faced while playing a pivotal role in infectious disease management,” “conflict of interest prevalent inside and outside,” “physical and mental collapse,” “a long road to achieving stability in the infection control unit,” and “source of strength to endure.” Conclusion In light of the need to better prepare for future outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, the findings of this study highlight the need for strategic approaches, such as developing programs to provide psychological and social support for infection control nurses, as well as establishing a well-designed system of nursing care for infectious diseases to alleviate their burnout.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted for the purpose of a structural model analysis of family health of women who came to Korea for being married to Korean men. METHODS: The data were collected from 260 immigrant women at multicultural centers located in C and B cities from May 10th to 30th, 2012. The variance analysis on the samples was conducted by using the maximum likelihood minimization function with AMOS 7.0. The fitness was evaluated by means of the SRMR, RMSEA, CFI, and TLI with a 90% confidence interval. RESULTS: First, immigrant women's self-esteem and acculturative stress were found to have significant direct effects on their family health. Second, their self-esteem and acculturative stress have direct effects on their marital adjustment. Third, their marital adjustment was found to have significant direct effects on their family health. Forth, immigrant women's Korean language ability was found not to have significant direct effects on their marital adjustment and family health. CONCLUSION: In order to enhance the family health of immigrant women, it is necessary to develop and apply nursing programs in consideration of immigrant women's self-esteem, marital adjustment and acculturative stress.
Aminopeptidases ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Family Health ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Language ; Marriage ; Models, Structural ; Negotiating ; Porphyrins ; Social Adjustment ; Transients and Migrants

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify status and characteristics of patients who have been readmitted to ICU, and to analyze risk factors associated with the readmission to ICU within 48hours.METHODS: Data were collected from patient's electronic medical reports from one hospital in B city. Participants were 2,937 patients aged 18 years old or older admitted to the ICU. Data were analyzed using odd ratios (ORs) from multivariate logistic regressions.RESULTS: 2.2% of the 2,937 patients were early readmitted to ICU. Risk factors for early readmission to ICU were existence of respiratory disease, use of mechanical ventilator, and duration of hospitalization (longer).CONCLUSION: The assessment on the respiratory system of the patient who will be discharged from the ICU was identified as an important nursing activity. Therefore, the respiratory system management and education should be actively conducted. In addition, early ICU readmission may be prevented and decreased if a link was built to share the information on patient condition between the ICU and general wards.
Critical Care ; Education ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Logistic Models ; Nursing ; Patient Readmission ; Patients' Rooms ; Respiratory System ; Risk Factors ; Ventilators, Mechanical

Fourty three patients with tuberculous spondylitis were surgically treated through the anterior approach at our hospital from January, 1989 to December, 1994. Among them, 32 cases were followed up more than 18 months postoperatively, and were included in this study. The most prevalent location was lumbar region(50%). Paraparesis was frequently seen in patients with middle and lower thoracic spinal lesions and all patients with neurologic deficits improved after decompression of spinal cord. Autogenous rib and/or iliac strut bone grafting was performed, followed by spinal instrumentation. Solid bone fusion was obtained in all patients. There was no need for prolongation of duration of antituberculous drug therapy and no increased incidence of secondary infection due to spinal instrumentation.
Bone Transplantation ; Coinfection ; Decompression ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Paraparesis ; Ribs ; Spinal Cord ; Spondylitis*

PURPOSE: Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder in childhood. Hospital nurses, who are the first to recognize seizures in epilepsy patients in the ward environment, possess expertise related to epilepsy and play a central role in epilepsy management. The purpose of this study was to develop an algorithm-based education program and to improve nurses' knowledge and self-efficacy related to providing nursing care to children with epilepsy. METHODS: The education program consisted of lectures on the definition, cause, classification, diagnosis, treatment, and nursing of epilepsy based on a booklet, as well as practice using an algorithm for nursing interventions when a child experiences a seizure. Twenty-seven nurses working at pediatric neurological wards and a pediatric emergency room participated in the education program. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the paired t-test. RESULTS: Nurses' knowledge and self-efficacy showed a statistically significant improvement after participation in the education program on nursing care for children with epilepsy. CONCLUSION: The application of this education program for hospital setting is expected to improve nurses' capability to care for children with epilepsy, thereby contributing to a higher quality of nursing.
Child ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Education, Nursing ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Lectures ; Nervous System Diseases ; Nursing Care ; Nursing ; Pamphlets ; Seizures

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating effects of self-efficacy and the belief about medication on the association between depression and medication adherence in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. METHODS: 128 patients aged ≥19 years, who were regular outpatients or admitted patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus at a tertiary hospital in B city, participated in this study. Data were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire. Testing of mediating effects was analyzed by a parallel redundant mediated model using the PROCESS macro for SPSS version 3.3. RESULTS: They scored an average of 16.71±11.13 for depression, 694.14±170.68 for self-efficacy, 3.05±4.60 for the belief about medication, and 90.14±15.37 for medication adherence. The direct effect of depression on medication adherence was not statistically significant, but the indirect effects of depression mediated with self-efficacy and belief about medication were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop and apply a nursing intervention program that can not only relieve depression but also promote self-efficacy and the belief about medication with the objective of improving medication adherence among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Depression ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Medication Adherence ; Negotiating ; Nursing ; Outpatients ; Tertiary Care Centers

The recent advances in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) enable to precisely edit the desired bases in hPSCs to be used for the establishment of isogenic disease models and autologous ex vivo cell therapy. The knock-in approach based on the homologous directed repair with Cas9 endonuclease, causing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), produces not only insertion and deletion (indel) mutations but also deleterious large deletions. On the contrary, due to the lack of Cas9 endonuclease activity, base editors (BEs) such as adenine base editor (ABE) and cytosine base editor (CBE) allow precise base substitution by conjugated deaminase activity, free from DSB formation. Despite the limitation of BEs in transition substitution, precise base editing by BEs with no massive off-targets is suggested to be a prospective alternative in hPSCs for clinical applications. Considering the unique cellular characteristics of hPSCs, a few points should be considered. Herein, we describe an updated and optimized protocol for base editing in hPSCs. We also describe an improved methodology for CBE-based C to T substitutions, which are generally lower than A to G substitutions in hPSCs.

PURPOSE: Nursing workplace spirituality (NWS) has received attention as a new and meaningful subject for nursing to consider, but little is known about the relation of NWS to nursing. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of NWS on job satisfaction, burnout and turnover intention. METHODS: Participants were 145 clinical nurses, who had worked for over 6 months in one of four general hospitals in B city. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS: In the second hierarchy controlling general characteristics, significant predictors of job satisfaction were burnout and NWS, which explained 45.0% of the variance. NWS had more influence on job satisfaction than burn out, and the model was suitable. NWS showed no statistically significant effect on burnout and turnover intention, when general characteristics and job related factors were controlled. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that nursing workplace spirituality has a positive influence on job satisfaction, but no direct influence on burnout or turnover intention, which may indicate an indirect influence. Nurse managers need to develop the NWS enhancement program and provide them to nurse to improve job satisfaction.
Burns ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Intention ; Job Satisfaction ; Nurse Administrators ; Nursing ; Spirituality

BACKGROUND: Korea is one of the endemic areas of viral hepatitis B, and 6-8% of general population are hepatitis B virus carriers. Although there have been little reduction in morbidity and infectivity of viral hepatitis B owlng to newer vaccines and the effects of immunizations, there are some differences among physicians in managing hepatitis B virus infection, and guidelines have not been established. Therefore in this study, we investigated general practitioners' concept and the practical management of viral hepatitis B in comparison with the hepatologists'. METHODS: Information was obtained through questionnaires sent to 67 hepatologists and 400 general practitioners(general internists, general surgeons, family physicians, general physicians, and public health center managers) in Pusan during the 5 months from April to August, 1997. Overall respondents were 142(116 General practitioners, 26 Hepatologists), and the response rate was 32.9%. RESULTS: In general practitioners, the most commonly used serologic test for viral hepatitis was HBsAg/MBsAb(71.0%). 51.9% of subjects underwent anti-HBs test 3-5 months later after vaccination. The most common revaccination method for healthy non-responders of initial vaccination was 3 series of immunizations with the same vaccine of equal dosage (36.9% ). 65.7% of subjects were tested for LFT every 6 months for chronic carriers, and 41.5% of them were advised - interferon treatment for chronic active hepatitis patients only if the patients requested it. In comparison with general practitioners, hepatologists had a tendency to add anti-HCV test for the serologic evaluation of hepatitis(56.6% vs 26.2%), to limit age for vaccination(82.6% vs 54.1% ), and to delay prescribing hepatotonics until the AST and ALT levels increased up to 2 folds normal(53.8% vs 39.1%). 38.5% of hepatologists did not recommend giving booster injection of hepatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Practioal guidelines is necessary to manage viral hepatitis B patients.
Busan ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; General Practitioners* ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunization, Secondary ; Interferons ; Korea ; Physicians, Family ; Public Health ; Serologic Tests ; Vaccination ; Vaccines