We investigated on how the nature of vehicles influenced on the efficacy of mo isturizer s, cutaneous hydrat,ion, physical property and roughness. Hydration was measured with corneometer, physical property with fermometer, and mughness with image analyser. Used vehicles were as follows : hydrous gel, vater in oil(W/0) emulsion, oil in water(0/W) emulsion. I.Jsed moisturizers were as follows . glycerine, polypeptide and sodium lactat,e, hyaluronic acid-triethanolamine, sodium lactate, pvopylene glycol, The results are summarized as follows : 1. The increment of the hydration effect according to vehicles was in this order. C/ W emulsion, W/0 emulsion, hydrous gel(After 2 hours). 2. The increment of extensibility as physical property was correlated to the in crcment, of hydration effcet(r=0.924). 3. It was shown that, the roughness was decreased after treatment of all mo isturizers except propylene glycol but, there was not significant st.atistically and alsa was no meaningful difference among the vehicles. 4. Among t,he moisturizers, glycerine was superior to other moisturizers on the hydration effect and extensihility. We conclude that 0/W emulsion was suitable vehicle on cutaneous hydration effect and hydration effect is proportion to the increment of flexibility.
Glycerol ; Pliability ; Propylene Glycol ; Sodium ; Sodium Lactate

The fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic findings in 16 cases of histologically confirmed thymoma are reported. The aspirates were obtained under fluoroscopic guidance. The cytologic diagnoses were inadequate sample in one case, thymoma in 12 (75%), small cell carcinoma or thymoma in 1, benign mesenchymal tumor in 1, and germ cell tumor in one. The cytologic features were detailed according to the constituent epithelial cell type, and to the ratio of epithelial cells and lymphocytes. Fifteen cases were classified into 4 small epithelial cell type, 6 intermediate epithelial cell type, 1 large epithelial cell type, 1 large pleomorphic epithelial cell type, and 3 spindle-shaped epithelial cell type. Cytologic differential diagnosis was discussed, and the important criteria for the cytologic diagnosis of thymoma were reviewed. This review leads us to think that nonoperative cytologic approaches in the diagnosis of the thymoma are possible, and that correct cytologic diagnosis of thymoma with FNAs can easily be made, if adequate samples are obtained. However, the invasiveness and histologic type could not be predicted by cytological features only. Knowing various cytologic and histologic features of thymoma will be helpful for the diagnosis of thymoma and the differential diagnosis of mediastinal tumors.
Diagnosis, Differential

No abstract available.
Compliance*

Nutrition labels are helpful for chronic disease management in patients requiring balanced nutritional intake. This study aimed to investigate the association between the use of nutrition labels and chronic diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia) by using the 2008-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. A total of 10,695 individuals aged 20 and over was included in the analysis. Using multiple logistic regressions, there was no difference in nutrition label use between the chronic disease and normal groups (men with hypertension OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.75-1.27; women with hypertension OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.67-1.03; men with diabetes OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.45-1.08; women with diabetes OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.84-1.53; men with hyperlipidemia OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.59-1.23; women with hyperlipidemia OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.91-1.44). In hyperlipidemia patients, awareness (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.03-2.35) and control (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 2.32-3.63) of disease were related to nutrition label use; however, no significant associations were found for the hypertension and diabetes mellitus patients. Considering the importance of dietary habits in the management of chronic diseases, an improvement in nutrition label use by patients with these diseases is required.
Adult ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Demography ; Diabetes Mellitus/pathology/*prevention & control ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias/pathology/*prevention & control ; Hypertension/pathology/*prevention & control ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritive Value ; Odds Ratio ; Republic of Korea

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection may cause systemic inflammation and increase the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6. Unfortunately, bone mineral density also may be affected by these cytokines. This study aimed to evaluate the association between bone mineral density and H. pylori infection. METHODS: A cross-sectional study evaluated 1,126 men undergoing a comprehensive health screening in a private Korean screening center. Subjects' sera were tested for H. pylori antibodies (immunoglobulin G) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and bone mineral densities (g/cm2) of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total femur were obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. To evaluate the difference in bone mineral density according to H. pylori infection status, the adjusted mean bone mineral densities at each site were compared after adjusting for potential confounders, including age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise. RESULTS: H. pylori infection was associated with a significant decrease in mean lumbar bone mineral density (H. pylori-positive, 1.190 g/cm2; H. pylori-negative, 1.219 g/cm2; P=0.006), which was greatest among men who were > or =50 years old (H. pylori-positive, 1.193 g/cm2; H. pylori-negative, 1.233 g/cm2; P=0.006). However, no significant association was observed in the bone mineral densities of the total femur and femoral neck. CONCLUSION: In men, H. pylori infection was negatively associated with lumbar bone mineral density. This association may be useful in the early detection, prevention, and management of male osteoporosis.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Alcohol Drinking ; Antibodies ; Body Mass Index ; Bone Density ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cytokines ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-1 ; Interleukin-6 ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Osteoporosis ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Spine ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

PURPOSE: Streptococcus pyogenes is an important cause of invasive diseases in children. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of invasive infections due to S. pyogenes in children in Korea. METHODS: A retrospective study of children under 18 years of age with invasive infections due to S. pyogenes at Seoul National University Children's Hospital between March 1992 and December 2012, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between March 2003 and December 2012 was conducted. Demographic factors, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, treatment, mortality and morbidity of all patients were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 30 among 36 cases identified as invasive disease due to S. pyogenes were available for review. There was a predominance for male subjects (male:female=2.75:1). The median age was 50 months (range 12 days to 15 years) and 53.3% were under 5 years of age. Skin and soft tissue infections (9/30, 30.0%), bacteremia without identified focus (4/30, 13.3%) and bone and joint infections (6/30, 20.0%) were the most frequent clinical presentations. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (3/30, 10.0%) pulmonary, abdomen and central nervous system infections (2/30, 6.7%) were also seen. There was a peak in number of patients in year 2012 (9/30, 30.0%). There were no cases of mortality. Erythromycin and clindamycin resistance rates were low by 3.8% and 7.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: We studied the clinical presentations of invasive infections due to S. pyogenes during the past 20 years in Korean children. The findings of this study help us understand the characteristics of the disease, enhancing early recognition and prompting adequate antibiotic therapy which is important in reducing morbidity and mortality.
Abdomen ; Bacteremia ; Bacterial Infections ; Central Nervous System Infections ; Child* ; Clindamycin ; Demography ; Erythromycin ; Humans ; Joints ; Korea ; Male ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Shock, Septic ; Skin ; Soft Tissue Infections ; Streptococcus pyogenes*

The degree of facial asymmetry in P -A cephalogram may differ from that we felt in clinical examination. The purpose of this study was to find out the P -A cephalometric measurements affecting the visual facial asymmetry. Fifty four adult patients who had been diagnosed as the facial asymmetry in clinical examination were selected for this study. Through the analysis of facial photograph and P -A cephalogram, the following results were obtained: 1. In linear measurements, Me (Menton) to MSR (Mid -sagittal reference line), Cd (Condylion) to Me, Ag (Antegonion) to Me, and Ag to MSR were significantly related with facial asymmetric index. 2. In angular measurements, angle Cg -Me plane to MSR, angle ANS -Me plane to MSR, and angle Cd - Ag -Me were significantly related with facial asymmetric index. Especially, angle Cg -Me plane to MSR, angle ANS -Me plane to MSR were highly related. 3. In surface measurements, Cg -Ag -Ag ' and Cd -Ag -Me -Cd ' were significantly related with facial asymmetric index. The results of this study suggested that menton point was the most affected landmark in visual facial asymmetry.
Adult ; Facial Asymmetry* ; Humans

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of partial weight bearing (PWB) harness with comparison of traditional exercise program by gait analysis in non-ambulatory acute stroke patients. METHOD: Nine patients participated with PWB harness on the treadmill, and nine patients with traditional exercise. In harness group, the gait training with 30% weight reduction was offered on treadmill, they were treated daily and gait training was done for 20 minutes. In no-harness group, traditional gait training was done by physical therapists. Variables were gait parameters assessed by VICON 370 Gait Analyzer, other function tested by Motricity Index and Functional Ambulatory Category. RESULTS: In linear parameter, the harness group had faster gait speed, longer stride length, and more decreased double support time compared to the no-harness group. In kinematic parameters, the maximal flexion of knee was significantly increased in harness group, but no significant differences was in hip and ankle motion. In kinetic parameters, hip flexion moment of normal side was increased in harness group at heel strike phase, knee flexion moment of normal side was decreased in harness group at heel strike phase. CONCLUSION: The gait training with partial weight bearing harness was more effective in acute stroke patients than traditional therapy, and was influenced in gait pattern, functional ability.
Ankle ; Gait* ; Heel ; Hip ; Humans ; Knee ; Physical Therapists ; Strikes, Employee ; Stroke* ; Weight Loss ; Weight-Bearing*

In order to overcome a certain disease, it is necessary to confirm the prevalence, natural course and risk factors of the disease. The Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease has become the mainstream and has been paying a great deal of attention to the epidemiologic research of allergic diseases in Korean children since 1995. In this review, we would like to summarize the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood epidemiology study in Korea, the cohort study for allergic diseases, and the national medical big data. New epidemiological studies are needed to clarify the relationships between allergic diseases and factors such as air pollution, climate changes, microbiome, and diet, which are likely to be new risk factors for allergic diseases. Based on these epidemiological studies, we hope to find ways to overcome pediatric allergic diseases in Korea and also to share epidemiologic techniques and manpower.
Air Pollution ; Asthma ; Child* ; Climate Change ; Cohort Studies ; Diet ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology* ; Hope ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Korea ; Microbiota ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: QT dispersion(QTd) has been shown to be ventricular electrical instability, especially predictor of ventricular arrythmia and indicator of antiarrythmic effect. It was reported that there was a relationship between acute myocardial infarction and increased QTd in that QTd is dependent of the degree of reperfusion as well as the site and size of infarction. In this study, we intended to verify a significant association between myocardial ischemia and QTd by comparing the changes in QTd with or without chest pain in patients with unstable angina who had proven myocardial ischemic changes. METHOD: We studied 20 patients (12 men and 8 women : mean age, 58+/-3.4 years) with unstable angina who had proven myocardial ischemic changes and perfusion defect by 24 hour Holter monitoring, Treadmill test, or coronary angiography. Each case was measured QTd during chest patin and resting state 24 hours after chest pain. All standard 12-lead ECGs were recorded at a speed of 25 mm/sec and examined retrospectively by one observer. QTd corrected for heart rate (QTcd) was calculated by Bazett's formula. The difference of QTd was assessed by comparing by paired t-test. RESULTS: The mean values of QTd were 117.9+/-49.9 msec and 69.7+/-30.2 msec with existence and the absence of chest pain. There was significant increment of QTd when the paients with unstable angina had chest pain(p<0.01). QTcd also significantly increased with the mean value of 119.7+/-57.1 and 74.9+/-36.6 msec (p=0.015). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study clarified the change of QTd with myocardial ischemia. We expect QTd using a single, noninvasive method to indicate that the chest pain is induced by myocardial ischemic changes. For the furture, it may be possible to study as to the significance of QTd as a predictor of cardiovascular accidents in patients with unstable angina by measuring the serial QTd.
Angina, Unstable ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Chest Pain ; Coronary Angiography* ; Coronary Stenosis* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Electrocardiography ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory ; Exercise Test ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infarction ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Perfusion ; Reperfusion ; Retrospective Studies ; Thorax