PURPOSE: This study was done to examine how medication contamination in a single-dose glass ampule is affected by minute glass flakes generated in different methods of cutting the ampule. METHOD: Sixty medicationcontaining glass ampules were randomly assigned to two groups. The number of glass flakes, resulting from two different cutting methods (with cotton and without cotton), were counted under the microscope. Contamination was evaluated by extracted the medication with a syringe and culturing it in E. coli, coliform, and aerobic bacteria culture media. Result: Fewer glass flakes were found in the ampules when the ampule was cut with cotton. The use of cotton, however, did not significantly change the degree of drug contamination. CONCLUSION: Although minute glass flakes generated in the ampule cutting operation did not significantly contaminate the medication and the use of cotton decreased the number of glass flakes in the ampules, glass flakes injected into the blood and tissues of the patient remain a risk factor. Therefore, pre-filled syringes or syringes with filters would be alternative methods and safeguards against the possible injection of glass flakes generated while cutting the ampule.
Bacteria, Aerobic ; Culture Media ; Drug Contamination ; Glass ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Syringes

Twenty-eight cases of fracture of the femur and tibia on the same leg were treated in Pusan Maryknoll Hospital during the period from April 1981 to Jun 1988. We studied all of these patients, divided by five groups according to the method of treatment, with analysis of treatment and end results. The following results were obtained. 1. The incidence of trauma was high in the young man, and most frequent in the third decade (42.9%). 2. The main cause of injuries was traffic accident; 22 patients (78.6%). 3. The common fracture site was middle one-third in femur and tibia respectively. 4. The most common associsted injury was head trauma (9 case). 5. The average healing time of fracture was 20.7 weeks in femur and 22.7 weeks in tibia of group 3, 4, 5. 6. The best results were obtained in cases both fractures stabilized surgically.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Busan ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Femur ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leg ; Methods ; Tibia

PURPOSE: To identify age, gender, medication, seasons and place of fall, and areas of the fractures from the fall among the hospitalized elderly patients in order to provide the basic data for future fall prevention program for the elderly. METHODS: This study was conducted for 106 elderly patients admitted into a university hospital by fractures from the fall during the period from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 1999. Data on the age, gender, medication, season and place of the fall, areas of the fracture were collected based on their medical records. RESULT: The age range of the subjects were from 60 to 96 years old. The subjects were aged between 60-69 years old 49(46.2%), between 70-79 years old 31(29.2%), between 80-89 years old 24(22.6%), and over 90 years old 2(1.9%). Male patients comprised was 34(28.3%), while female patients comprised 76(71.7%). The fall occurred in Winter most frequently 34(32%). The place of the fall included room 81(76.4%), streets 13(12.3%), bathroom 6(5.7%), stair 4(3.8%), and mountain 2(1.9%). Twenty-two subjects (20.8%) had medication regularly, while 84 subjects (79.2%) had no medication. The areas of the fracture from the fall included upper extremities 20(18.9%) and lower extremities 86(81.1%). Radius fracture (7.5%) was the area where the fracture occurred most frequently in upper extremities and femur fracture (52.8%) was the area where the fracture occurred most frequently in lower extremities. A significant difference was found in the fracture area by age, season and place of the fall (p<.05). No significant difference was found in the fracture area by gender and medication. In all age groups, seasons and places of the fall, occurrence of fracture in lower extremity was significantly higher than that in upper extremity.
Aged* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Femur ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Medical Records ; Radius Fractures ; Seasons ; Upper Extremity

No abstract available.
Endometriosis* ; Female

BACKGROUND: The present study was undertaken to determine whether ketamine, used with fentanyl in epidural anesthesia, can potentiate postoperative analgesia. METHODS: Fifty patients undergoing Cesarean section were allocated randomly into two groups. Group 1 received epidural injection of 2.0% lidocaine 18-20 ml and 0.5% bupivacaine 2-5 ml with fentanyl 50 ug on 20 minutes before surgical incision, and group 2 added epidural ketamine 30 mg to group 1 at the same time. Postoperative pain relief was provided with epidural morphine 3 mg and 0.25% bupivacaine 8 ml on 40 minutes after surgical incision in both groups. Numeric rating scales for pain and mood, Prince Henry Hospital scores for pain were assessed at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours after anesthesia. We measured the first request time of analgesics for postoperative pain, the dose of analgesics within postoperative 48 hours and the incidence of side effects postoperatively. RESULTS: There were no significant difference in the first request time of analgesics and use of analgesics for postoperative pain control between two groups. Pain and mood scores, and PHS score for pain in group 2 were better than those of group 1. The incidence of side effects were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The combined use of fentanyl and ketamine in epidural anesthesia provided little effect in potentiation of postoperative pain control. Further studies are needed to provide more prominent analgesic effect.
Analgesia ; Analgesics ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Bupivacaine ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Fentanyl* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Incidence ; Injections, Epidural ; Ketamine* ; Lidocaine ; Morphine ; Pain, Postoperative ; Pregnancy ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: This study was done to determine how a hospital life guidance movie enhanced the understanding of hospital life by elderly in-patients. METHOD: A non-equivalent control group post-test design was used for the study. The experimental group watched a movie on guidance for hospital life while an in-patient control group read corresponding guidance booklets. The understanding and satisfaction from the respective programs for the two groups were surveyed with a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS: The group which watched the movie had a better understanding of hospital life than the group which read the booklets. The patients who watched the movie also expressed more satisfaction with their guide program than the patients who only read the booklets. Understanding of hospital life had relevance to satisfaction with the given program. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggests that a movie on hospital life provides better guidance which helps the prospective patients understand and adapt better to their hospital life. Therefore, this type of movie is considered to be an effective medium to provide guidance to elderly in-patients.
Aged ; Humans ; Pamphlets ; Patient Admission ; Patient Education as Topic ; Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated psychological factors in patients with adult ADHD tendency and the relationship of adult ADHD tendency with depression and anxiety.METHODS: Ninety patients with depression(38 with adult ADHD and 52 with non-adult ADHD) were recruited in this study. All patients were subjected to the following tests : Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV(K-WAIS-IV), Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale(ASRS-v1.1), Lee Ji-Yeon's adult ADHD scale, Beck's Depression Inventory II(BDI-II), Beck's Anxiety Inventory(BAI), and Temperament Character Inventory-Revised Short version(TCI-RS).RESULTS: The adult ADHD group had higher scores for BDI-II and BAI, novelty-seeking, harm-avoidance, and self-transcendence than the non-adult ADHD group. Conversely, the adult ADHD group showed lower scores for self-directedness and cooperativeness than the non-adult ADHD group. Depression scores were positively correlated with ASRS(r=0.524, p=0.000), Lee Ji-Yeon's adult ADHD scale(r=0.598, p=0.000), anxiety scores(r=0.650, p=0.000), novelty-seeking(r=0.411, p=0.000), harm-avoidance(r=0.517, p=0.000), and self-transcendence(r=0.234, p=0.026). However, they were negatively correlated with persistence(r=−0.231, p=0.029), and self-directedness(r=−0.594, p=0.000). Higher Lee Ji-Yeon's adult ADHD scale scores and lower self-directedness scores among TCI, resulted in higher depression scores. In addition, anxiety scores increased in parallel with the the Lee Ji-Yeon's adult ADHD scale and harm-avoidance TCI scores.CONCLUSION: In this study, we found a difference in the severity of depression and anxiety between the adult and non-adult ADHD groups. In addition, it was confirmed that the difference in temperament and character between the two groups was related to adult ADHD tendency and severity of depression and anxiety.
Adult ; Anxiety ; Depression ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Male ; Psychology ; Temperament

No abstract available.
Cystadenoma*

No abstract available.
Cystadenoma*

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare analgesic efficacy and occurance of motor block and other side effects of a 48 hr postoperative continuous epidural infusion of 0.125% bupivacaine or ropivacaine with morphine. METHODS: Forty patients undergoing a Cesarean section were allocated randomly into two groups. Both groups received an epidural injection of 2.0% lidocaine 18 20 ml and 0.5% bupivacaine 2 5 ml with fentanyl 50microgram 20 minutes before surgical incision and received 2 mg of epidural morphine by bolus 40 minutes after surgical incision. For post-operative pain control, a continuous epidural infusion was started using a two day infusor containing 6 mg of morphine in 100 ml of 0.125% bupivacaine (Group 1, n = 20) or 100 ml of 0.125% ropivacaine (Group 2, n = 20). Visual analog scale (VAS) for pain during rest and movement, sensory change and motor blockade were assessed for 48 hrs. after surgery. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in VAS for pain during rest and movement. The incidences of side effect were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Using 0.125% bupivacaine with morphine via the epidural route provided similar pain relief and side effects as 0.125% ropivacaine with morphine.
Bupivacaine* ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infusion Pumps ; Injections, Epidural ; Lidocaine ; Morphine* ; Pregnancy ; Visual Analog Scale