No abstract available.
Endometriosis* ; Female

No abstract available.
Nephrotic Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Colon* ; Constipation* ; Enema* ; Fecal Incontinence* ; Humans

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the availability of computer system for the measurement of tooth size in the model analysis through the comparison of two measurements: One was to use a computer; and the other was to use vernier calipers. Twenty sets of casts were used, which showed a moderate degree of crowding and full eruption of all teeth. The mesio-distal width of 12 teeth from the left central incisor to the left first molar at each set of the casts were measured twice with vernier calipers and a computer respectively. This measurement was repeated two weeks later. First, for the reproducibility analysis, the two computer measurements were compared then the vernier calipers measurements were compared. Second, all the teeth were sepapated into the region of mesiodistal contact points and its width was measured by a micrometer to obtain standard measurements. For the accuracy analysis, these standard measurements were compared with the measurements from the dental casts using two methods. The difference between them was defined as the measurement error. To investigate the cause of measurement error, an examination was made for the presence and degree of contact point deviation on each tooth from the upper and lower occlusograms, and the mesio-distal angulation of each tooth was measured with TARG. Following results were obtained through statistical analysis. 1. In the analysis for reproducibility ; the measurements with vernier calipers showed significant differences in three out of twelve teeth while the computer measurements showed significant differences in one out of twelve teeth. 2. In the analysis for accuracy : compared with the standard measurements, the measurements with vernier calipers showed significant differences in three out of twelve teeth while the compute measurements showed significant differences in two out of twelve teeth. 3. Compared with the standard measurements. the measurements with vernier calipers were apt to be larger at the upper first molar, and smaller at the lower first molar. The computer measurements, however, were apt to be larger at both upper and lower first molars. 4. the measurements with vernier calipers showed the largest error at the lowe first molar and the degree of error was variable according to the tooth while the difference of error was small in the computer measurements. 5. In the analysis for the correlation of the degree of measurement errors with the contact point deviation index and the mesio-distal crown angulation of each tooth, the measurements with vernier calipers did not show significant correlation while th measurements with computer showed slight positive correlations. The results of this study indicate that a computer system may be useful for the measurement of tooth size in the model analysis.
Computer Systems ; Crowding ; Crowns ; Incisor ; Molar ; Tooth*

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review previous studies and to assess, via a subgroup meta-analysis, the combined odds ratio (OR) of prognostic factors affecting the success of miniscrew implants (MIs) inserted into the buccal posterior region. METHODS: Three electronic searches that were limited to articles on clinical human studies using MIs that were published in English prior to March 2015 were conducted. The outcome measure was the success of MIs. Patient factors included age, sex, and jaw of insertion (maxilla vs. mandible), while the MI factors included length and diameter. A meta-analysis was performed on 17 individual studies. The quality of each study was assessed for non-randomized studies and quantified using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The meta-analysis outcome was a combined OR. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses based on the study design, study quality, and sample size of miniscrews implanted were performed. RESULTS: Significantly higher success rates were revealed for MIs inserted in the maxilla, for patients ≥ 20 years of age, and for long MIs (≥ 8 mm) and MIs with a large diameter (> 1.4 mm). All subgroups acquired homogeneity, and the combined OR of the prospective studies (OR, 3.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.10-6.44) was significantly higher in the maxilla than that in the retrospective studies (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.60-2.74). CONCLUSIONS: When a treatment plan is made, these risk factors, i.e. jaw of insertion, age, MI length, and MI diameter, should be taken into account, while sex is not critical to the success of MIs.
Humans ; Jaw ; Maxilla ; Odds Ratio ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sample Size

The demand for medical care and welfare for patients with disabilities is expanding, and healthcare professionals are also increasingly interested in the need for medical care for patients with disabilities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the competency of disabled patients' management and the education experience of dental hygiene students, who are the main players of oral health care for disabled patients. A total of 196 students in the dental hygiene department and 3rd and 4th grade students were surveyed using questionnaires. As a result, most of the students had a positive awareness of disabled patients; 84.7% answered with the need to train dental hygienists in specializing in handicapped patients, 76.5% were willing to attend seminars related to disabled patients after graduation, and 71.4% of the students provided dental treatment for patients with disabilities in curriculum and comparative curriculum. The students who provided treatment for disabled patients showed that their competence in most areas of knowledge of disabled patients, oral health education, and oral disease prevention was highly evaluated as significant. The competence of respondents who answered that the theoretical education was sufficient was significantly higher. Based on this, institutional support for the education of dentistry for disabled patients is needed, and sufficient theoretical education and practical training should be offered to foster personnel capable of contributing to the improvement in the oral health of patients with disabilities. In addition, in-depth discussions on the training of dental hygienists specialized in handicapped patients should be conducted.
Clinical Competence* ; Curriculum ; Delivery of Health Care ; Dental Care for Disabled ; Dental Hygienists ; Disabled Persons ; Education ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: We assessed the impact of pelvic lymphadenectomy on the survival of patients who had undergone radical cystectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 107 patients who underwent radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder between January 1991 and December 2000. We preoperatively excluded patients with evidence of pelvic lymphadenopathy and distant metastases from the study. Among 107 patients, 61 patients (Group A) underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy while 46 patients (Group B) did not. The clinicopathological parameters were not significantly different in the two groups. RESULTS: In group A, 12 patients (19.6%) were found to have pelvic node metastases. Five-year overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates were 68% and 75% for Group A, respectively. In group B, 5-year overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates were 36% and 56%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that T stage (p=0.004) and lymphadenectomy (p=0.044) were significant prognostic factors for survival. CONCLUSIONS: The overall survival rates between the two groups were significantly different. Our findings suggested that lymphadenectomy may improve the prognosis of patients who underwent radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cystectomy* ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision* ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Hamartoma*

OBJECTIVES: The Korea Health Promotion Foundation has performed the None-Smoking Project using the Quit-Smoking Clinics in all health care centers. The success rate of quitting smoking in the Quit-Smoking Clinics have run over 40% in the self-reports. The aim of this study was to assess the success rate of quitting smoking using the nicotine and cotinine concentrations in saliva and to find out the factors that influence the success of quitting smoking. METHODS: The author collected the data of 122 participants from the Quit-Smoking Clinic in the city of Daejeon and the data 13 nonsmokers as control after their written consent in 2009-2010. Following the initial visit, the unstimulated saliva samples were collcted at the visits after 2 weeks, 2 months, 4 months and 6. The concentrations of nicotine, cotinine, and OH-cotinine were analyzed using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The cutoff for the cotinine concentration that distinguished the smokers from nonsmokers was set at 10 ng/ml. RESULTS: The baseline participants who visited the clinic were 84 paritcipants after 2 weeks, 65 after 2 months, 40 after 4 months, and 22 after 6 months. The median concentrations of cotinine (P=0.017) and OH-cotinine (P<0.001) decreased over time. The success rates of quitting smoking were calculated at 32.1% after 2 weeks, 41.5% after 2 months, 42.5% after 4 months, and 50.0% after 6 months, in the participants who returned to the clinic. The Cotinine level after 2 weeks correlated high-positively to the concentration of that over time (r>0.7). The amount of smoking in a day, the period of smoking, and the total amount of smoking did not correlate to the success of quitting smoking as measured in the cotinine level. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the limitation of the high drop out rate in the participants, it was suggested that the active intervention at 2 weeks could make the success rate of quitting smoking higher, as the cotinine level at 2 weeks correlated to the concentrations after that point very positively.
Chromatography, Liquid ; Cotinine ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Promotion ; Korea ; Nicotine ; Saliva ; Smoke ; Smoking