Hepatic hydrothorax is defined as the presence of pleural fluid (>500 mL) in the absence of primary cardiac or pulmonary disease. Initial treatments consist of a low salt diet, diuretics, and thoracentesis. If these are not effective, other modalities should be considered. The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement is one of the modalities for treatment of hepatic hydrothorax. However, the effects of TIPS placement have been contradictory. A 42-year-old man was diagnosed hepatic hydrothorax with liver cirrhosis. He was managed with medical therapy, but it was not effective to control hepatic hydrothorax. This case is reported with a review of relevant literature.
Adult ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Diet ; Diuretics ; Humans ; Hydrothorax ; Liver ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Lung Diseases ; Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical

A 51-year-old man diagnosed with Plasmodium vivax malaria was transferred to our clinic with newly developed drowsy mentality and myoclonus after the initiation of hydroxychloroquine therapy. Following therapy to treat the vivax malaria and supportive care, the patient recovered completely with no sequelae. Cerebral complications caused by vivax malaria are very rare worldwide, and only two cases have been reported in Korea. Here, we report the third published case of P. vivax infection with cerebral complications in Korea.
Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine ; Korea ; Malaria, Cerebral ; Malaria, Vivax ; Middle Aged ; Myoclonus ; Plasmodium ; Plasmodium vivax

A 51-year-old man diagnosed with Plasmodium vivax malaria was transferred to our clinic with newly developed drowsy mentality and myoclonus after the initiation of hydroxychloroquine therapy. Following therapy to treat the vivax malaria and supportive care, the patient recovered completely with no sequelae. Cerebral complications caused by vivax malaria are very rare worldwide, and only two cases have been reported in Korea. Here, we report the third published case of P. vivax infection with cerebral complications in Korea.
Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine ; Korea ; Malaria, Cerebral ; Malaria, Vivax ; Middle Aged ; Myoclonus ; Plasmodium ; Plasmodium vivax

BACKGROUND: Patients with malignancy are considered to be at high risk of severe pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009. This study was conducted to identify the severity of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 among patients with malignancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between August 2009 and December 2009, we reviewed clinical data and medical records of 31 patients with malignancy and 63 hospitalized patients without malignancy. RESULTS: Eighty-three patients with laboratory-confirmed pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 were admitted. The rate of ICU admission was higher among patients with malignancy (without malignancy 13% vs with malignancy 35%, P=0.024). The mortality rate was higher among patients with malignancy (without malignancy 6% vs with malignancy 25%, P=0.033). Patients using immunosuppressants showed a higher rate of lower respiratory tract infection (83% vs 24%, P=0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 in patients with malignancy was more severe than in patients without malignancy.
Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Influenza, Human ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Pandemics ; Respiratory Tract Infections

Background/Aims: Although second-look endoscopy (SLE) is frequently performed after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) to prevent bleeding, no studies have reported SLE findings after colorectal ESD. This study aimed to investigate SLE findings and their role in preventing delayed bleeding after colorectal ESD. Methods: Post-ESD ulcer appearances were divided into coagulation (with or without remnant minor vessels) and clip closure groups. SLE findings were categorized according to the Forrest classification (high-risk ulcer stigma [type I and IIa] and low-risk ulcer stigma [type IIb, IIc, III, or clip closure]), and risk factors for high-risk ulcer stigma were analyzed. Results: Among the 375 cases investigated, SLEs were performed in 171 (45.6%) patients. The incidences of high-risk ulcer stigma and low-risk stigma were 5.3% (9/171) and 94.7% (162/171), respectively. During SLE, endoscopic hemostasis was performed more frequently in the high-risk ulcer stigma group than in the lowrisk ulcer stigma group (44.4% [4/9] vs. 1.9% [3/162], respectively; p < 0.001), but most of the endoscopic hemostasis in the high-risk ulcer stigma group (3/4, 75.0%) were prophylactic hemostasis. Post-ESD delayed bleeding occurred in three (0.8%) patients belonging to the SLE group, of which, one patient was from the high-risk stigma group and two were from the low-risk stigma group. Conclusions The incidence of high-risk ulcer stigma during SLE was low, and delayed bleeding occurred in, both, high-risk and low-risk groups of SLE. SLEs performed after colorectal ESD may not be effective in preventing delayed bleeding, and further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of SLE in post-colorectal ESD.

Background/Aims: Although second-look endoscopy (SLE) is frequently performed after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) to prevent bleeding, no studies have reported SLE findings after colorectal ESD. This study aimed to investigate SLE findings and their role in preventing delayed bleeding after colorectal ESD. Methods: Post-ESD ulcer appearances were divided into coagulation (with or without remnant minor vessels) and clip closure groups. SLE findings were categorized according to the Forrest classification (high-risk ulcer stigma [type I and IIa] and low-risk ulcer stigma [type IIb, IIc, III, or clip closure]), and risk factors for high-risk ulcer stigma were analyzed. Results: Among the 375 cases investigated, SLEs were performed in 171 (45.6%) patients. The incidences of high-risk ulcer stigma and low-risk stigma were 5.3% (9/171) and 94.7% (162/171), respectively. During SLE, endoscopic hemostasis was performed more frequently in the high-risk ulcer stigma group than in the lowrisk ulcer stigma group (44.4% [4/9] vs. 1.9% [3/162], respectively; p < 0.001), but most of the endoscopic hemostasis in the high-risk ulcer stigma group (3/4, 75.0%) were prophylactic hemostasis. Post-ESD delayed bleeding occurred in three (0.8%) patients belonging to the SLE group, of which, one patient was from the high-risk stigma group and two were from the low-risk stigma group. Conclusions The incidence of high-risk ulcer stigma during SLE was low, and delayed bleeding occurred in, both, high-risk and low-risk groups of SLE. SLEs performed after colorectal ESD may not be effective in preventing delayed bleeding, and further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of SLE in post-colorectal ESD.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Esophageal cancer and dysplasia are relatively rare in Korea, compared to other Far Eastern countries. So, the feasibility and safety of endoscopic treatments for these diseases is not well established in Korea. This study aimed to assess the technical feasibility, safety and the clinical outcomes of endoscopic treatment for esophageal epithelial lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between April 2005 and March 2013, 25 esophageal epithelial lesions from 22 patients were treated with endoscopic treatment such as endoscopic submucosal dissection or endoscopic mucosal resection. RESULTS: Of the 25 lesions, 11 lesions were treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) (ESD group) and 14 lesions with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR group). In the ESD group, the diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma in 7 patients (64%), high grade dysplasia in 3 patients (27%), and low grade dysplasia in 1 patient (9%). In the EMR group, thediagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma in 8 patients (57%), high grade dysplasia in 2 patients (14%), and low grade dysplasia in 4 patients (29%). En bloc resection rates were 100% in ESD and 42.9% in EMR, respectively. For the median 12 months follow up period, there was no recurrence in the ESD group. However, there were three recurrences in the EMR group. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic treatment for esophageal epithelial lesions is safe and feasible therapeutic modalities. Especially, ESD can provide higher rate of en bloc and curative resection for early esophageal cancer and dysplasia.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Diagnosis ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Recurrence

OBJECTIVE: Current guidelines for initiating dialysis therapy are based on level of kidney function and clinical evidence of uremia. In several studies, early dialysis showed no benefit in mortality and complication rate. Thus we examined whether the timing of initiation of dialysis influenced mortality and complication rate with renal failure. METHODS: We retrospectively studied the clinical outcomes in 290 patients with renal failure who underwent dialysis therapy from 2001 to 2009. The early and late dialysis group defined as values more than and less than 10 mL/min/1.73 m2. The primary outcome was death from any cause and the secondary outcome was complication event. RESULTS: The survival rates and complication events were compared based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate, the survival rate in late dialysis group is better than in early dialysis group and the significant prognostic factors determined by multivariate analysis were age and residual renal function at time of initiation of dialysis. No difference in complication events were observed. Subgroup analysis in hemodialysis group shows no significant difference in survival rate. CONCLUSION: The survival rate in late dialysis group is better than in early dialysis group. And the complication rate were not different in two groups.
Dialysis ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Multivariate Analysis ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Uremia

Background/Aims: Although balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE) enables endoscopic visualization of small bowel (SB) involvement in Crohn’s disease (CD), there is no data on the changes in outcomes over time. We therefore investigated the changes in BAE use on CD patients over different time periods in terms of its role and clinical outcomes. Methods: We used a multicenter enteroscopy database to identify CD patients with SB involvement who underwent BAE (131 procedures, 116 patients). We compared BAE-related factors and outcomes between the first period (70 procedures, 60 patients) and the second period (61procedures, 56 patients). The specific cutoff point for dividing the two periods was 2007, when BAE guidelines were introduced. Results: Initial diagnosis of SB involvement in CD was the most common indication for BAE during each period (50.0% vs 31.1%, p=0.034). The largest change was in the number of BAE uses for stricture evaluation and/or treatment, which increased significantly in the latter period (2.9% vs 21.3%, p=0.002). The diagnostic yield in patients with suspected CD was 90.7% in the first period and 95.0% in the second (p=0.695). More endoscopic interventions were performed in the second period than in the first (5.1% vs 17.6%, p=0.041). Enteroscopic success rates were high throughout (100% in the first period vs 80.0% in the second period, p>0.999). In the first and second periods, therapeutic plans were adjusted in 62.7% and 61.4% of patients, respectively. Conclusions The overall clinical indications, outcomes, and effectiveness of BAE were constant over time in CD patients with SB involvement, with the exception that the frequency of enteroscopic intervention increased remarkably.

Background/Aims: Although balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE) enables endoscopic visualization of small bowel (SB) involvement in Crohn’s disease (CD), there is no data on the changes in outcomes over time. We therefore investigated the changes in BAE use on CD patients over different time periods in terms of its role and clinical outcomes. Methods: We used a multicenter enteroscopy database to identify CD patients with SB involvement who underwent BAE (131 procedures, 116 patients). We compared BAE-related factors and outcomes between the first period (70 procedures, 60 patients) and the second period (61procedures, 56 patients). The specific cutoff point for dividing the two periods was 2007, when BAE guidelines were introduced. Results: Initial diagnosis of SB involvement in CD was the most common indication for BAE during each period (50.0% vs 31.1%, p=0.034). The largest change was in the number of BAE uses for stricture evaluation and/or treatment, which increased significantly in the latter period (2.9% vs 21.3%, p=0.002). The diagnostic yield in patients with suspected CD was 90.7% in the first period and 95.0% in the second (p=0.695). More endoscopic interventions were performed in the second period than in the first (5.1% vs 17.6%, p=0.041). Enteroscopic success rates were high throughout (100% in the first period vs 80.0% in the second period, p>0.999). In the first and second periods, therapeutic plans were adjusted in 62.7% and 61.4% of patients, respectively. Conclusions The overall clinical indications, outcomes, and effectiveness of BAE were constant over time in CD patients with SB involvement, with the exception that the frequency of enteroscopic intervention increased remarkably.