Carcinoid tumors are derived from the enterochromaffin cells of neural crest origin. Most are commonly found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The rectum is the third most common site for GI carcinoids. Rectal carcinoid tumors make up 13.7% of all carcinoid tumors and the vast majority occurs in the sixth decade of life. Approximately 80% of rectal carcinoid tumors are less than 1 cm in size, limited to the submucosa without metastasis and can be safely treated by local excision. We report a case of rectal carcinoid tumor in a 13 year-old child that was successfully treated by endoscopic polypectomy.
Adolescent ; Carcinoid Tumor* ; Child* ; Enterochromaffin Cells ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neural Crest ; Rectum

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

In this article, research trend of biomaterials for spinal fusion was summarized with an emphasis on hydroxyapatite (HA), titanium(Ti), and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as representatives of ceramics, metals, and polymers, respectively. Ceramic materials represented by HA are highly biocompatible but have low strength and fracture toughness, so there has been much effort to improve these mechanical properties. Metals such as titanium, Ti, are mechanically strong but have a drawback of stress shielding effect, which can be avoided by fabricating into porous body. Also there have been many researches to improve the biocompatibility of PEEK, which has been widely used recently as a substitute to Ti.
Biocompatible Materials ; Ceramics ; Durapatite ; Ketones ; Metals ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Polymers ; Spinal Fusion ; Titanium

Aortic valve replacement with aortic allograft has been considered a treatment of choice for aortic valve disease secondary to bacterial endocarditis because of its good hemodynamic performance and higher resistance to infection. The aortic root replacement technique might be superior to the subcoronary allograft implantation technique with regard to aortic regurgitation. A 46 years old male patient had acute aortic regurgitation with progressing heart failure secondary to acute bacterial endocarditis. The patient underwent emergent aortic root replacement using 20 mm aortic allograft. At operation, right coronary cusp perforation and heavy calcification of commissure between right and left coronary cusp were observed. The patient recovered well and postoperative echocardiography demonstrated no aortic regurgitation. Inflammatory signs were subsided after 8 weeks of antibiotics therapy. Medically uncontrolled acute bacterial endocarditis was treated successfully by aortic root replacement using aortic homograft.
Allografts* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Aortic Valve ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; Echocardiography ; Endocarditis, Bacterial* ; Heart Failure ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Transplantation, Autologous

Schaaf-Yang syndrome (SYS) is a rare genomic imprinting disorder caused by truncating mutations in the paternally derived MAGE family member L2 (MAGEL2) allele. It is also responsible for Prader-Willi syndrome, characterized by neonatal hypotonia, developmental delay, intellectual disability, respiratory distress in early infancy, and arthrogryposis. More than 250 individuals with approximately 57 different molecular variants have been reported since 2013, but the phenotype-genotype association in SYS is not yet fully understood. Here, we describe the case of a Korean patient diagnosed with SYS harboring a mutation in the paternal allele of MAGEL2: c.2895G>A, resulting in a protein change of p.Trp965*. The patient’s phenotype included respiratory distress, arthrogryposis, hypotonia, and feeding difficulty in the early neonatal period. Mild renal dysfunction and hearing impairment were observed during infancy.

The adrenal cortical carcinoma is a rare cancer with an estimated incidence of about 1 case per 1,700,000 population. Further development of the tumor thrombi invasion of the inferior vena cava is very rare. The adrenal cortical carcinoma has poor prognosis due to delayed onset of symptoms and signs with regional and metastatic diseases are about 70M at the time of diagnosis. The diagnosis is made by hormonal and imaging studies. Adrenal cortical carcinoma is slightly more frequent in female and hormonally non-functioning tumor is more frequent. Traditionally, surgery and mitotane chemotherapy are known as a valuable therapeutic modality. But recently usefullness of mitotane is questioned due to low response rate and complication such as gastrointestinal trouble and there is not established optimal dosage and duration of treatment. Recently, in metastatic adrenal cortical carcinoma, some literature with combined chemotherapy had tried and reported good response. But, in general, combined chemotherapy has known as ineffective. We experienced and report adrenal cortical carcinoma with inferior vena caval invasion which is diagnosed by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and we treated surgery and postoperative chemotherapy.
Adrenocortical Carcinoma* ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mitotane ; Prognosis ; Vena Cava, Inferior*

Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed neuroactive drugs, coming mostly from everyday beverages such as coffee and tea. To investigate whether caffeine induces apoptosis in the central nervous system, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, flow cytometric analysis, DNA fragmentation assay, and caspase-3 enzyme assay were performed on SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cells. Cells treated with caffeine at concentrations as high as 10 mM exhibited several characteristics of apoptosis. In addition, caffeine was shown to increase the caspase-3 activity. These results suggest that high-dose of caffeine induces apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells, probably by increasing the caspase-3 enzyme activity.
Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Caffeine/*toxicity ; Caspase 3 ; Caspases/metabolism ; Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Central Nervous System/cytology/*drug effects ; DNA Fragmentation ; Humans ; Neuroblastoma/enzymology/pathology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody mediated rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is a rare autoimmune disease. It is characterized by acuterenal failure and crescentic glomeruli with linear immune deposits along glomerular basement membrane mediated by anti-GBM antibodies. We report a case of a sixty-years-old man with generalized edema and hematuria. On admission, BUN/Creatinine was 118/19.6 mg/dL, Hb was 10.2 g/dL. On urinalysis, protein was 3+, and many RBCs were found. Renal biopsy specimen which contained 8 glomeruli showed active cellular crescent formation in all glomeruli. On immunofluorescent staining specimen, there were 4 glomeruli which showed strong IgG linear staining along the glomerular basement membrane and mild C3 & C1q deposit along the capillary walls. The titer of anti-GBM antibody was 123 EU by ELISA (normal: <10 EU). We treated with high dose of corticosteroid and plasmapheresis, but renal function was not recovered even after 3 months of hemodialysis.
Antibodies ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Basement Membrane* ; Biopsy ; Capillaries ; Edema ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Glomerular Basement Membrane ; Glomerulonephritis ; Hematuria ; Hemorrhage* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Plasmapheresis ; Renal Dialysis ; Urinalysis

Coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) without cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) is now an accepted technique of myocardial revascularization in selective cases of coronary arterial occlusive disease. The lesion was total(100%) occlusion of proximal right coronary artery (RCA) without any evidence of disease in the rest of coronary arteries. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty(PTCA) was tried but unsuccessful. We herein report a case of successful CABG to right coronary artery without CPB on a patient with complete occlusion of RCA and symptomatic with minimal activity.
Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; Coronary Artery Bypass* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Humans ; Myocardial Revascularization ; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive

PURPOSE:Umbilical artery Doppler study is a commonly used non-invasive tool in high risk pregnancies because of its good correlation with the degree of placental insufficiency. We analyzed hematologic profiles and perinatal outcome of preterm infants with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler results and the risk factors of early onset thrombocytopenia. METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of preterm infants under 35 weeks of gestational age at birth who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Seoul National University Children's Hospital from January 1, 2002 through December 31, 2004, and whose mothers had undergone umbilical artery Doppler studies within 5 days before delivery. Sixty two neonates were divided into three groups; the 1st group was defined as the patients with normal umbilical artery (UA) systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio, the 2nd group, with increased UA S/D ratio above 95 percentile, and the 3rd, with absent or reversed end-diastolic flow (AREDF). RESULTS:Mean nucleated red blood cell (nRBC) counts per 100 white blood cells (WBCs) were 14.2 (0-150), 91.0 (0-262), 301.4 (6-884) (P<0.001), mean WBC counts were 10.8 (0- 34.1), 9.2(3.4-23.9), 5.9(0.5-15.2) (x1,000/mm(3)) (P=0.007), and mean platelet counts were 215.5+/-69.2, 185.9+/-96.7, 100.2+/-50.3 (x1,000/mL) ( Arteries ; Blood Platelets ; Erythrocytes ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Length of Stay ; Leukocytes ; Medical Records ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Placental Insufficiency ; Platelet Count ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Seoul ; Thrombocytopenia* ; Umbilical Arteries*