STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The residual monomer of denture base materials causes hypersensitivity on oral mucosa and intereferes with the mechanical properties of the cured resin. The amount of residual monomer is influenced by materials, curing cycle, processing method, and etc. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the residual methyl methacrylate(MMA) content of injection molded denture base polymer, and to compare this with the self-cured resin and the conventional compression molded heat-cured resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Disc shaped test specimens (50mm in diameter and 3mm thick) were prepared in a conventional flasking technique with gypsum molding. One autopolymerized denture base resins (Vertex SC. Dentimex. Netherlands) and two heat-cured denture base resins (Vertex RS. Dentimex. Netherlands, Ivocap. Ivoclar Vivadent, USA) were used. The three types of specimens were processed according to the manufacturer's instruction. After polymerization, all specimens were stored in the dark at room emperature for 7 days. There were 10 specimens in each of the test groups. 3-mm twist drills were used to obtain the resin samples and 650mg of the drilled sample were collected for each estimation. Gas chromatography (Agillent 6890 Plus Gas Chromatograph, Agillent Co, USA) was used to determine the residual MMA content of 10 test specimens of each three types of polymer. RESULTS: The residual monomer content of injection molded denture base resins was 1.057+/- 0.141%. The residual monomer content of injection molded denture base resins was higher than that of compression molded heat cured resin (0.867+/-0.169%). However, there was no statistical significant difference between two groups (p > 0.01). The level of residual monomer in self cured resin(3.675+/-0.791) was higher than those of injection molded and compression molded heat cured resins (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: With respect to ISO specification pass/fail test (2.2% mass fraction) of residual monomer, injection molding technique(1.057+/-0.141%) is a clinicaly useful and safe technique in terms of residual monomer.
Calcium Sulfate ; Chromatography, Gas ; Denture Bases* ; Dentures* ; Fungi* ; Hot Temperature ; Hypersensitivity ; Mouth Mucosa ; Netherlands ; Polymerization ; Polymers

Eccrine epithelioma is an exceedingly rare cutaneous tumor ancit is believed to represent the maligant counterpart of the eccrine dermal syringoma. It occirs as an infiltrating basaloid growth, usually on the scalp or head, that frequently recur, apparrntly because of inadequate excision. We report a case of this tumor in a 60-year-old female, who showed a well demarcated, tender nodule on her left parietal scalp which had been present for three years. Histopat.hologically, the tumor was composed of strands of darkly staining epithelial cell embedded in a dense fihrcus stroma with ductal differentiation and cyst formation.
Carcinoma* ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Rabeprazole ; Scalp ; Syringoma

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is a clinical syndrome of unknown causes characterized by inflammat.ion and multisystem involvement. Since Hargravas describe the LE cell in 1948, a profound change has occured in the concept of SLE. Many studies of the large series have been reported in the West, but few collective studies have been reported in Korea. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to elucidate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of SLE in Korean people. METHODS: We carried out retrospective study of 64 patients, who were diagnosed as SLE on the base of the 1982 revised bacteria for the SLE by American Collepe of Rheumatology(formerly, American Rheumatism Association), at Korea University Hospital from 1982 to 1991. The results were compared with those of previous studies in Korea and western countries. RESULTS: 1. In 64 patients with SLE, female patients outnumbered male by 6.1 to 1 and the mean age of onset was 28.6 years. 2. The initial manifestations were arthritis or arthralgia, 25%; fatigue, malaise, weight, loss, 21.8%; facial rash or blush, 12.5%, fever, 12.5%. 3. The major clinical manifastations were hematologic(90.6 %), muccutaneous(89%), musculoskeleta (79.7%), and renal(73.4%) involvemant. 4. The ANA test were positive in 83.9% of the patients, and homoenous pattern was most common. There was no significant difference of organ involvement according to the nuclear patterns of ANA, but cardiopulmonary, renal involvement, hypocomplement,emia and positive anti-ds DNA were less frequent in ANA neghative group. 5. In 73.7% of the patients, the titers of anti-ds DNA antibody was elevated. The amount of anti-ds DNA Ab in serum did not always correlate with disease activity. 6. Photosensitivity, arthritis or arthralgia and CNS manifestatioris were less common, but hematologic findings, including anenia and leukopenia were more common in Korean than western reports. CONCLUSION: Patients with SLE are heterogenous in the natural h story of their disease, which is not an uncommon disease in Korea. Continued efforts to clarify the immunopathologic basis for SLE should eventually lead to more effective treatment.
Age of Onset ; Arthralgia ; Arthritis ; Bacteria ; DNA ; Exanthema ; Fatigue ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Korea ; Leukopenia ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Male ; Neutrophils ; Retrospective Studies ; Rheumatic Diseases

Mucormycosis is an infectious disease caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. Almost all patients have a serious uriderlying condition such as diabetes mallitus, imrnunosuppression, starvation, burn, but a few cais have been reported in previously heilthy subjects. In order to successfully treat this infection, diagnosis must be prompt and acior. panied by aggressive debridement and parenteral administration of amphotericin B. We report a case of primary cutaneous mucormycosis in 58-year-old man. The lesion was a well-circumscribed erythematous plaque with central necrcis Histopathologically, a biopsy revealed broad, nonsptate with branches occuring at right anghles.
Amphotericin B ; Biopsy ; Burns ; Communicable Diseases ; Debridement ; Diagnosis ; Fungi ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mucorales ; Mucormycosis* ; Starvation

Discrete subaortic stenos is one of the subtype of congenital left ventricular outflow obstruction and frequently associated with other defect such as ventricular septal defect, coarctation of the aorta, inturrupted aortic arch, double-chambered right ventricle and atrioventricular canal. It is progressive disease from the neonatal period and can be a cause of secondary endocarditis or aortic regurgitation. The authors have experienced a case of discrete subaortic stenosis without other associated lesions in 8 years old male patient who has complained chest discomfort. The diagnosis was established by the findings of echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. We report this case with a brief review of related literatures.
Aorta, Thoracic ; Aortic Coarctation ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Discrete Subaortic Stenosis* ; Echocardiography ; Endocarditis ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Male ; Thorax ; Ventricular Outflow Obstruction

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia are major components of Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, we aimed at investigating the prevalence and severity of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in very mild to mild Alzheimer’s disease. Forty-four patients with Alzheimer’s disease who visited the neurology outpatient clinic of Seoul Medical Center were included. A trained neurologist or a supervised test technician administered the neuropsychological test, the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery including Mini Mental State Examination and Clinical Dementia Rating. The instrument used for assessing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia was Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire. In order of prevalence, apathy, depression, irritability, anxiety, and agitation were the most common symptoms occurring in very mild-to-mild Alzheimer’s disease group. The prevalence and severity of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia were found to be in positive correlation with the Clinical Dementia Rating scores. Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia are found even in the very early stage of Alzheimer’s disease, apathy and depression being the most common symptoms. Physicians should be aware of this when managing dementia patients.

No abstract available.
Acceleration* ; Elbow Joint* ; Elbow* ; Relaxation*

The previous reports about Supracondylar-Condylar Fracture of the femur which extends to articular surfaces revealed poor results in general, regardless of the methods of treatment. But those results are thought to be much alleviated if they are treated according to the principles of ASIF. Fifteen cases of Supracondylar-condylar fractures of the femur from 13 patients were treated by open reduction and rigid internal fixation during last 3 years at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Early mobilization of knee joint was permissible in most of the cases without loss of fixation or other complications during convalescence Subsequently, greatifying results were obtained as observed in varying period of follow up days.
Convalescence ; Early Ambulation ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Orthopedics

Two patients with flexor paralysis of the elbow due to brachial plexus injury and three patients with flexor paralysis of the wrist and fingers due to Volkmann's contracture were treated by transplantation of the gracilis muscle which was detached at both ends and transferred to replace the biceps and long finger flexors, preserving its long and lax neurovascular pedicle. At eleven to fifteen months after operation, the strength and flexion of the elbow were satisfactory and the additional cosmetic effect was obtained. This method should be performed only after a complete study of the patient's general functional needs and the condition of the affected arm, forearm and hand.
Arm ; Brachial Plexus ; Contracture ; Elbow ; Fingers ; Forearm ; Hand ; Humans ; Methods ; Paralysis ; Wrist

BACKGROUND: Elafin is a serine proteinase inhibitor first discovered in keratinocytes from psoriatic epidermis. The molecular structure of elafin contains two different functional domains; one for the proteinase inhibitor, which is directed against elastase and proteinase-3, and the other for transglutaminase substrate. As this unique structural characteristic implies, elafin would be expected to have two distinct biologic functions in tissues. But, the roles and biological features of elafin have not been extensively studied in the skin. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to demonstrate the immunohistochemical localization of elafin in inflammatory and keratinizing skin disorders, and to elucidate its biological functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pre-elafin sequence was amplified by PCR using a human epidermal cDNA library and expression construct which was ligated into an expression vector. Then, the expressed proelafin sequence was purified and injected intradermally into rabbits to raise a polyclonal antibody. The skin biopsy samples of various skin diseases and normal controls were used for immunohistochemical staining to detect elafin expression. RESULTS: 1)Expression of elafin was observed in infected epidermis, and is believed to be involved in the defense mechanism of the skin. 2)In dermal and subcutaneous inflammatory diseases, epidermal elafin expression was influenced by the location of the inflammation. 3)Elafin was expressed in bullous dermatoses accompanied by acantholysis or spongiosis of epidermal cells. 4)Expression of elafin was upregulated in papulosquamous skin diseases which was characterized by epidermal hyperplasia and abnormal differentiation. 5)Elafin was expressed in keratinizing skin diseases that was accompanied by abnormal differentiation of epidermal cells. 6)Expression of elafin was demonstrated in skin tumors that showed proliferation of suprabasal cells. The intensity of expression is not related to the degree of malignancy, but to the degree of differentiation of tumor cells. CONCLUSION: Induction of elafin expression may play an important role in protecting the skin components against tissue damage. Elafin expression is related to the abnormal proliferation and differentiation of suprabasal cells. This means that elafin may be used as a marker of these conditions.
Acantholysis ; Biopsy ; Elafin* ; Epidermis ; Gene Library ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inflammation ; Keratinocytes ; Molecular Structure ; Pancreatic Elastase ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rabbits ; Serine Proteases ; Skin Diseases ; Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous ; Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous ; Skin*