Spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage is unusual, accounting for less than 1% of all cases of subarachnoid hemorrhge. Very rare cases have been reported that they had no definitive etiology of spontaneuos spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage. One patient with spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage is presented to emphasize the clinical and radiological features of this uncommon illness. The patient had severe back pain at the onset and was unable to walk. The s!mtoms improved slowly with conservative treatments. Complete blood work up CSF culture and spinal angiogrphy failed to reveal a cause for the hemorrhage. This is believed to be the first case report of spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage of unknown cause in Korea.
Back Pain ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Korea ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage*

The objectives of this study are to investigate the prevalence of occupation related carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS) among workers in a condom industry; to analyse the sensitivity and specificity of clinical signs or symptoms such as hand diagram, Tinel's sign and Phalen's sign in carpal tunnel syndrome; and to test vibration threshold test using audiometry as a technically easy and noninvasive method in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome in stead of nerve conduction velocity(NCV). The study group was divided into exposed group(39 cases)and non-exposed group(48 cases) based on whether or not excessive use of wrist movements exist. 1. There are statistically significant differences in symptoms and signs of carpal tunnel syndrome such as hand diagram, Tinel's sign and Phalen's sign between exposed and non-exposed group(p<0.05). 2. Six cases(9 hands) were confirmed as carpal tunnel syndrome by NCV. Five cases(7 hands) belonged to exposed group, 1 case(2 hands) to nonexposed group. As there are significant differences in prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome between two groups(p<0.05), excessive use of wrist in occupation is a risk factor of carpal tunnel syndrome. 3. When we use NCV as a gold standard in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome, sensitivity and specificity of hand diagram, Tinel's sign and Phalen's sign is as followed; hand diagram; sensitivity 88.9%, specificity 84.2%. Tinel's sign; sensitivity 55.6%, specificity 72.8%. Phalen's sign; sensitivity 14.3%, specificity 88.4%. Among above clinical signs and symptoms, hand diagram is the best clinical screening test. 4. The differences of vibration threshold between median and ulnar nerve at the same time are useful in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome but the time change of vibration threshold of median nerve over time are not sensitive enough. It is concluded that vibration threshold between median and ulnar nerve at the same time can be used as a supplementary or alternative criterion to indicate that the nerve dysfunction is located in the carpal tunnel.
Audiometry ; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Condoms* ; Diagnosis ; Hand ; Mass Screening ; Median Nerve ; Neural Conduction ; Occupations ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ulnar Nerve ; Vibration ; Wrist

Acute infarcts of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) territory are unusual. Furthermore incomplete AICA infarcts are perplexing because of its variations of vascular anatomy and inconsistent clinical features. We present a case with clinical features of AICA infarction, which consist of ipsilateral peripheral-type facial palsy, vertigo, and contralateral facial and upper limb sensory changes without motor weakness. The patient had hypertension and was a current smoker. The high signal intensity on inferior pontine tegmental area was found on MRI and the R2 interneuronal dysfunction was note on Blink reflex. The angiographic findings didn't show any focal vascular lesions, which is contrary to the pathogenesis of AICA infarction published previously. On the clinical ground, the present case reserves to attention in that patients with peripheral-type facial palsy should be properly evaluated and with thorough neurological examination and we could differentiate between the incomplete AICA infarcts such as Gasperini syndrome and Bell's palsy.
Arteries ; Bell Palsy ; Blinking ; Facial Paralysis* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infarction ; Interneurons ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurologic Examination ; Upper Extremity ; Vertigo

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Severe hemispheric infarction(SHI) reportedly has various range of high mortality. Recently it has been reported that more aggressive therapeutic intervention, such as decompressive hemicraniectomy or mild hypothermia might has potential benefits in the management of SHI. However, the mortality and the prognosis of Sill under the conservative treatment were rarely studied yet in Korea. METHODS: Sixty-six patients with CT proven SHI were subjected among 1649 acute stroke patients registered at the Hallym Stroke Data Bank since Jan. 1993. We analyzed the computerized databases for the mortality and compared inclusively demographic features, clinical characteristics, etiology, therapy modalities and CT findings of fatal group with those of survivors. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients were expired among 66 SI-il patients(mean age: 64.9+/-11.5, male to female ratio;37:29). The mean time to expire was 160.4 hours. The fatal group had a significantly higher incidence of cardioembolism. uncontrolled BP during the acute stage, and extensive infarction territory(MCA+ACA). Risk factors for ischemic stroke such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia. smoking, previous stroke history, diabetes mellitus. and old age were not related to mortality low densities and hyperdense MCA signs on brain imaging were not different between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The early mortality rate of Sill under the conservative care was 38% in a referral hospital of Korea. intractable hypertension in the acute stage, cardioembolism and extent of infarct area may have predictable values of early mortality of SHI.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Hypothermia ; Incidence ; Infarction ; Korea ; Male ; Mortality* ; Neuroimaging ; Prognosis ; Referral and Consultation ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stroke ; Survivors

A 57-year-old female was hospitalized for visual disturbance and right hemiparesis. MRI revealed cortical and sub-cortical infarcts in the left occipito-parietal area. One week later, she experienced paroxysmal electric shock like pain on the dorsum of her right hand. All analgesics failed to relieve her pain, but an antiepileptic drug eradicated the pain completely. This unusual seizure could have been misdiagnosed as a thalamic or pseudothalamic pain syndrome had an ictal EEG not been performed. We report the post-stroke somatosensory seizure, only with unilateral ictal pain. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(1):49~51, 2001
Analgesics ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Paresis ; Seizures* ; Shock ; Stroke

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate frontal N30 status in Parkinson's disease (PD) and to examine the correlation between the amplitude of frontal N30 and the severity of motor deficits. METHODS: The frontal N30 was compared between 17 PD patients and 18 healthy volunteers. Correlations between the amplitude of frontal N30 and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score of the more severely affected side was examined. RESULTS: The mean latency of the N30 was not significantly different between patients and healthy volunteers (p = 0.981), but the mean amplitude was lower in PD patients (p < 0.025). There was a significant negative correlation between the amplitude of N30 and the UPDRS motor score (r = -0.715, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: The frontal N30 status indicates the motor severity of PD. It can be a useful biomarker reflecting dopaminergic deficits and an objective measurement for monitoring the clinical severity of PD.
Evoked Potentials ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory* ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease*

The habituation of early (R1) and late response (R2) of blink reflex was investigated in 44 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 19 control subjects. The latency, duration and area of R1 and R2 components of blink reflex in single stimulation, and the percentage recovery of R1 in paired stimulation were not different between patients and control subjects. However, in PD patients, the latency of R2 evoked by test stimuli was shorter than that of conditioning stimuli, and the percentage recovery of R2 habituation was increased as compared to that of control subjects. The degree of early recovery of R2 habituation was slightly more evident in advanced PD patients and nonmedicated patients than that of control subjects. In addition, the early recovery of R2 was present in the test of asymptomatic side of PD patients. Our results suggests that blink reflex may be used as a method of evaluating the clinical status of PD patients.
Blinking* ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease*

Since the development of magnetic stimulation as a way of assessing the functions of corticospinal pathways, diseases involving central motor pathways have been investigated by motor evoked potentials(@). However, studies correlating MEP findings and the neurological deficits were rarely carried out in patients with stroke. In this study, transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex and lower cervical area was performed in 50 patients with acute stroke and 23 healthy volunteers. Follow-up tests were performed in 22 patients about I month@ later. The amplitudes of @ were significantly reduced (P=0.0001), and central motor conduction time (CMCT) was significantly delayed (P=0.0004) in stroke patients compared to the normal controls. The abnormalities of MEP were closely related to the initial motor deficits. The cortical MEP findings in patients with cortical infarction and pontine infarction were more severe than those obtained in patients with subcortical I lesion. Initial MEP findings showed good correlation with the final functional outcome of the patients. The shortened latencies of follow-up MEP were significantly (P=0.0266) related to the improvement of the patients' motor deficit. These results illustrate that the results of magnetic stimulations are related to the prognosis of patients with stroke, and suggest that MEP may be I used in the monitoring their neurological or functional progress.
Efferent Pathways ; Evoked Potentials, Motor* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Infarction ; Motor Cortex ; Prognosis ; Stroke* ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

BACKGROUND: Depth and subdural electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings are often required to identify an area of the brain for epileptic surgery. We simultaneously compared bilaterally placed depth and subdural electrode EEGs to determine the site of seizure origins from the temporal lobes. METHODS: We included nine consecutive patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy, whose noninvasive evaluations such as magnetic resonance imaging, scalp and sphenoidal EEG, and other tests had not proved consistent lateralization. All patients had bilateral temporal depth electrodes, anterior and lateral temporal subdural strip electrodes. Thirty-eight clinical seizures and 3 subclinical seizures were evaluated. RESULTS: Seven out of 9 patients (78%) had unitemporal seizures, one patient had bilateral seizures, and the other had lateral temporal seizures in an invasive study. Ictal onset was localized by depth electrodes in 8 patients, and subdural strip electrodes in one. In ictal recordings, the ictal rhythms never spread to the contralateral neocortex before the ipsilateral neocortex. Most of the ictal rhythms began focally with periodic spikes or fast activities in the depth electrode, then spread to the ipsilateral strip electrode after 14 to 90 seconds (mean : 35.2 seconds). If ictal rhythms propagated to the contralateral side, it took 14 to 140 seconds (mean : 64.2 seconds). Subdural strip electrodes were less sensitive than depth electrodes in the detection of seizure onset and subclinical seizures, but were accurate when lateralized. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that EEG recordings with depth and subdural strip electrodes correctly identify and lateralize temporal lobe seizures more often than subdural electrodes alone.
Brain ; Electrodes* ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsies, Partial ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neocortex ; Scalp ; Seizures ; Temporal Lobe*

No abstract available.
Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins* ; Dopamine* ; Electrons* ; Humans ; Positron-Emission Tomography*