PURPOSE: Cancer continues to be a life-threatening disease and is a preventable disease. To improve cancer preventive behaviors is important to control cancer among older rural adults who are isolated from major health care services. The purpose of this study was to identify the degrees of health literacy, cancer knowledge, and cancer preventive behaviors and to explore the impact of health literacy and cancer knowledge on cancer preventive behaviors among older rural adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional correlational study was used to examine a total of 95 older community-dwelling adults. Data were collected between June and October, 2016 with a convenience sample in rural areas located in U city. RESULTS: Multiple regression analysis revealed that 33.7% of the variance in cancer preventive behaviors was explained by health literacy and cancer knowledge. Health literacy and cancer knowledge were significant predictors of cancer preventive behaviors. CONCLUSION: Among older rural adults, inadequate health literacy and low cancer knowledge predicted lower cancer preventive behaviors. A better understanding about older rural adults with poor health literacy and cancer knowledge could facilitate the development of intervention strategies to reduce health inequalities.
Adult* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Behavior ; Health Literacy* ; Humans ; Socioeconomic Factors

PURPOSE: Cancer survivors have experienced a specific and unique situation. Diet plays an important role in cancer risk and it is important influences on health. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of social cognitive constructs, which is defined in Bandura's social cognitive theory, on dietary behaviors in breast cancer survivors. METHODS: A cross-sectional correlational design was used. Social cognitive constructs included nutritional self-efficacy, dietary goal-setting, outcome expectations for nutrition, negative impact of cancer, and social support. Stepwise multiple regression was applied to examine the impact of social cognitive constructs on dietary behaviors. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-one breast cancer survivors completed the questionnaire. Stepwise regression analyses revealed that 19.9% of the variance in dietary behaviors was explained by these social cognitive variables. Family support, dietary goal-setting, negative impact of cancer, and nutritional self-efficacy were significant predictors of dietary behaviors. CONCLUSION: A lack of social cognitive understanding about cancer survivors could result in less than adequate care for their health due to inadequate advice on their lifestyle choices, which may impede their opportunities to live healthy lives after overcoming the cancer. The knowledge from this study will help guide the development of social cognitive interventions.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Diet ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Life Style ; Survivors*

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of a self-lymph massage method for breast cancer survivors. Methods: This study was conducted with a single group of pre-/post-test quasi-experimental design. Self-lymph massage technique that took about 15~20 minutes were conducted for five weeks to 27 breast cancer survivors.The quality of life, subjective symptoms, and physical symptoms were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using PASW 24.0 program with descriptive statistics and paired t-test. Results: Self-lymph massage was significantly effective for increasing physical well-being (t=4.75, p<.001), decreaseing arm circumference (t=-5.17, p<.001), and increasing shoulder’s range of motion (t=5.05, p<.001) in breast cancer survivors. Conclusion This study demonstrated the applicability of a self-lymph massage technique that can induce positive physical effects in breast cancer survivors. Therefore, we suggest to use self-lymph massage technique as a useful nursing intervention in ways to improve the quality of life for breast cancer survivors in the future.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the impact of uncertainty and social support on the quality of life of breast cancer survivors who received chemotherapy. Methods: Data was collected from 119 participants diagnosed with breast cancer who had completed chemotherapy and were active members of breast cancer self-help groups in cities D and B. Results: Factors influencing the quality of life were, in order of significance, uncertainty (β=-.58, p<.001), family history (β=-.15, p=.029), and medical staff support (β=.15, p=.043). The overall explanatory power was measured at 45.0%. It was observed that a lower level of uncertainty and a higher level of support from medical staff correlated with a better quality of life. Furthermore, participants without a family history of breast cancer were found to have a better quality of life than those with a family history of breast cancer. Conclusion These findings suggest that enhancing the quality of life of breast cancer survivors after chemotherapy requires nursing interventions aimed at reducing uncertainty and bolstering support from medical staff.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the effects of job embeddedness, nursing work environment, and nursing professionalism on turnover intention in nurses working at rehabilitation hospitals. METHODS: This descriptive study employed a cross-sectional research design. Questionnaires were collected from May to June, 2019. Participants were 200 nurses from three rehabilitation hospitals in Seoul and Gyunggi province. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Mean scores for turnover intention, nursing work environment, nursing professionalism. and job embeddedness were 3.21±0.65, 2.90±0.43, 3.06±0.24, and 3.11±0.40, respectively. Turnover intention was negatively correlated with job embeddedness, nursing practice environment, and nursing professionalism. Nursing work environment was the most important predictor in turnover intention, followed by job embeddedness. CONCLUSION The findings in this study indicated that we need to investigate the level of job embededness, nursing work environment, and nursing professionalism in nurses working at rehabilitation hospitals. Hospital managers should develop and apply appropriate policies and strategies to reduce nurses' turnover intention, improve nursing work environment and enhance the level of job embededness.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a Core Competency Scale for clinical nursing student educators. Methods: In this study, we constructed a conceptual framework, selected initial items, verified the content validity, conducted two rounds of Delphi expert consultation, selected secondary and tertiary items, and extracted the final items. The study included 242 clinical educators for nursing students. Item analysis, factor analysis, criterion validity, and internal consistency were used for the data analyses. Results: For the final scale, 35 items were selected and 5 factors were categorized, which together explain 61.7% of the total variance. The factors were education and evaluation, research and cooperation, ethical/legal principles, presenting leadership, and clinical practice. The scores for the scale significantly correlated with the teaching efficacy scale for clinical nursing instructors. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the 35 items was .96. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrated that the core competency scale has good validity and reliability. This scale can be used to assess the competency of clinical educators for nursing students; hence, it will help in evaluating the relationship between the skills of clinical educators for nursing students and the self-efficacy of those students.