Typhoid fever can cause serious complications, such as enterobrosia, meningitis, pneumonia, myocarditis, hepatitis, osteomyelitis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation in 10-15% of the patients. Kidney complications are very rare, and a few cases have been reported in children. We are reporting a case of childhood typhoid fever complicated with acute nephritis present with albuminuria, hypertension, and renal failure.
Albuminuria ; Child ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Kidney ; Meningitis ; Myocarditis ; Nephritis* ; Osteomyelitis ; Pneumonia ; Renal Insufficiency ; Typhoid Fever*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of balance board training combined with tactile stimulation on the affected leg of hemiplegic patients in improving the ability of balance control. METHOD: Thirty hemiplegic patients participated. In the study group, two pieces of adhesive tapes were attached on the skin of affected lower leg. And then, they performed balance training on a balance board. The training was performed for 4 weeks. The control group received conventional gait training program for the same period. Subjects in both groups were tested for their balance control abilities using Balance Master before and after the training period. RESULTS: In the study group, there were statistically significant improvements in the abilities of the weight bearing, body sway control, and rhythmic weight shift (p<0.05) after balance board training. After the training, there were statistically significant differences in the abilities of weight bearing and rhythmic weight shift (p<0.05) between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The training with balance board combined with tactile stimulation to the affected leg and foot was proved to be effective for the treatment of balance control abilities in hemiplegic patients.
Adhesives ; Education ; Foot ; Gait ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Leg* ; Rehabilitation ; Skin ; Weight-Bearing

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the proton MR spectroscopic characteristics of non-neoplastic focal basal ganglialesions with high signal intensity on long TR MR images in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1(NF-1), and tocompare them with those of normal-appearing basal ganglia in patients without focal lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy was performed in six patients with NF-1 from two families(three with andthree without non-neoplastic focal brain lesions). All six individual spectra were obtained from basal gangliawith voxel sizes of about 1 x 1 x 1 cm, three from focal pallidal lesions in patients with focal lesions and threefrom normal-appearing basal ganglia in patients without focal lesions. Spectra were acquired using a 1.5T clinicalMR imager and stimulated echo acquisition mode sequence, with the following parameters: 30 ms of echo time, 13.7ms of mixing time, and 2560 ms of repetition time. Zero and first-order phase correction was performed. RESULTS:N-acetyl aspartate(NAA)/creatine(Cr) ratios were similar between focal basal ganglia lesions and normal-appearingbasal ganglia, though the former showed slightly lower choline(Cho)/Cr ratios and slightly higher NAA/Cho ratiosthan the latter. Relatively enhanced resonances around 3.75 ppm, assigned as glutamate/glutamine, were observed inthe spectra of three focal lesions. Lipid resonances around slightly different positions were observed in all sixpatients, regardless of the presence or absence of focal lesions. CONCLUSION: Slightly decreased Cho levels andrelatively enhanced glutamate/glutamine resonances are thought to characterize the focal basal ganglia lesions ofNF-1. Different mobile lipids appear to be present in the basal ganglia of NF-1 patients, regardless of thepresence of focal lesions.
Basal Ganglia* ; Brain ; Ganglia ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy* ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Neurofibromatosis 1* ; Protons*