The present study is aimed to investigate the clinical and pathologic features of GI lymphomas and the immunocytochemical characteristics, using 71 cases of primary GI lymphomas examined at the Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Youngdong Serverance Hospital and Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine from January, 1976 to December, 1985. Results obtained were as follows: 1) Sixty eight cases were Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 3 Hodgkin's lymphoma. Surgical resection was done in 58 patients and surgical biopsy in 13. 2) The primary sites of the tumors were stomach, small intestine, ileocecal area and large intestine in a descending order of frequency. 3) The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 45 years. The tumor of the small intestine was generally detected in the younger age and that of the large intestine in the older age. The overall male to female ratio was 1.9 : 1. 4) Abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom irrespective of the sites of the tumor. Duration of the symptoms were evenly distributed from hours to 12 monthes. 5) The size of the tumors was less than 10 cm in the largest dimension in most of the cases (79.3%). The gross types of the GI lymphomas were ulcerative (27.6%), polypoid (20.7%), multinodulated (17.2%) and diffuse thickening. The rate of lymph node involvement was 44.4% in tumors confined to the serosa, while 82.6% in tumors with serosal penetrations. 6) Classification of 68 cases of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma according to Working Formulation revealed 50 cases of intermediate grade, 13 cases of high grade and 5 cases of low grade. According to Rappaport classification, all were diffuse types, among which diffuse histiocytic type was the most common. According to Lukes-Collins classification, 60 cases were B cell types, 4 cases genuine histiocytes types and 3 cases T cell types. Most of the gastric and intestinal lymphomas belonged to the follicular center cell (small and large cleaved, large cleaved) types. 7) Immunoperoxidase stains were done in 55 cases of malignant lymphomas. Thirty (65.9%) of 47 B cell lymphomas revealed a positivity for B cell markers. Twenty three (48.9%) of them showed a monoclonality, in which kappa/IgG pattern was most frequently demonstrated. Four cases of true histiocytic lymphomas were positive for alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and lysozyme, the former of which was seemed to be a more sensitive marker for histiocytic differentiation. An attempt was made to evaluate the significance of the degree of reactive histiocytic infiltrates within the lymphoma in relation to the progosis, but correlation could not be made because of the limited cases.
Female ; Male ; Humans ; Biopsy

BACKGROUND: Fas is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor family. Triggering of the Fas receptor pathway by its ligand results in apoptosis. Soluble Fas consists of the extracellular region of Fas receptor and it binds to Fas ligand to inhibit the Fas and Fas ligand induced apoptosis. Recently some evidence indicates that the Fas/Fas ligand system represents an important pathway responsible for the induction of apoptosis in bone marrow CD34+ cells of patients with aplastic anemia. METHODS: We measured serum soluble Fas levels in 27 patients with aplastic anemia at diagnosis using ELISA to define the status of soluble Fas in this disorder. RESULTS: Levels of serum soluble Fas in patients with aplastic anemia were lower com-pared with that of normal healthy controls. No difference was noted in the serum soluble Fas levels according to severity of disease. No correlation was found between serum soluble Fas levels and hematologic parameters at diagnosis such as neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, platelet count and corrected reticulocyte count. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that serum soluble Fas levels are decreased in patients with aplastic anemia. Further studies recruiting more patients and measuring Fas receptor on peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and bone marrow CD34+ cells concomitantly may be helpful to determine pathophysiology of bone marrow failure.
Anemia, Aplastic* ; Antigens, CD95 ; Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow ; Diagnosis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fas Ligand Protein ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Neutrophils ; Platelet Count ; Reticulocyte Count ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration(CAVH) is used to treat hemodynamically unstable patients with renal failure, refractory ascites and edema, sepsis, or ARDS patients. Patients received CAVH during a 3-year-period from March 1994 to February 1997. Their clinical findings were analyzed retrospectively, and the results were as follows; They were 6 men and 3 women from 28 to 62 years. 3 patients had ARDS, 2 patients had CHF. The remainder had SLE, liver cirrhosis, septic shock with cholangitis, diabetic ketoacidosis with pulmonary edema. The duration of treatment ranged from 30 to 50 hours, with a mean of 41.6+/-6.9 hours. The total fluid repalcement was 22.4+/-1.7L and the mean fluid loss was 3.9+/-2.6L. Changes in serum BUN, creatinine, sodium, potasium before and after treatment were not significantly diffrent. The complication of CAVH is clotting of hemofilter, hypotension, bleeding, and mild thrombocytopenia. 2 of 3 ARDS patients expired during CAVH, liver cirrhosis patient expired later due to hepatic encephalopathy, and, finally 6 patients discharged with improved conditions. In conclusion, CAVH, a safe and effective therapy in hemodynamically unstable patients with renal failure, refractory ascites and edema, sepsis, or ARDS patients.
Ascites ; Cholangitis ; Creatinine ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis ; Edema ; Female ; Hemofiltration* ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Male ; Pulmonary Edema ; Renal Insufficiency ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; Shock, Septic ; Sodium ; Thrombocytopenia

Endoscopic polypectomy was firstly introduced by Tsuneoka in 1969, and till now this method has been widely used for the treatment of benign and malignant polyps with the advent of technical improvement. This method is a very important modality as secondary prevention of malignancy because polyps in gastraintestinal tract are now being considered as precancerous lesion. Polypectomy with snare and electrocautery is mainly used for pedunclated polyps (eg. Yamada Class III, IV), but sessile polyps pose technical difficulty and occasionally cause serious gastrointestinal hemorrhage when resection margin adjacent polyp base. We performed polypectomy with "O"-ring used in endocopic variceal ligation (EVL) to make sessile polyp as semipedunclated form, and also to control bleeding, and then successfully remove it with conventional snare polypectomy. We report these 5 cases with the review of the literature.
Electrocoagulation ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Hemorrhage ; Ligation* ; Polyps ; Secondary Prevention ; SNARE Proteins

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of bone cement-augmented short segment fixation using percutaneous screws for thoracolumbar burst fractures in a background of severe osteoporosis. METHODS: Sixteen patients with a single-level thoracolumbar burst fracture (T11-L2) accompanying severe osteoporosis treated from January 2008 to November 2009 were prospectively analyzed. Surgical procedures included postural reduction for 3 days and bone cement augmented percutaneous screw fixation at the fracture level and at adjacent levels without bone fusion. Due to the possibility of implant failure, patients underwent implant removal 12 months after screw fixation. Imaging and clinical findings, including involved vertebral levels, local kyphosis, canal encroachment, and complications were analyzed. RESULTS: Prior to surgery, mean pain score (visual analogue scale) was 8.2 and this decreased to a mean of 2.2 at 12 months after screw fixation. None of the patients complained of pain worsening during the 6 months following implant removal. The percentage of canal compromise at the fractured level improved from a mean of 41.0% to 18.4% at 12 months after surgery. Mean kyphotic angle was improved significantly from 19.8degrees before surgery to 7.8 at 12 months after screw fixation. Canal compromise and kyphotic angle improvements were maintained at 6 months after implant removal. No significant neurological deterioration or complications occurred after screw removal in any patient. CONCLUSION: Bone cement augmented short segment fixation using a percutaneous system can be an alternative to the traditional open technique for the management of selected thoracolumbar burst fractures accompanied by severe osteoporosis.
Humans ; Kyphosis ; Osteoporosis ; Prospective Studies

No abstract available.
Animals ; Dopaminergic Neurons* ; Parkinson Disease ; Rats* ; Transplantation

We studied the effects of bile acids on the induction of apoptosis in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Treatment with either ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) or lithocholic acid (LCA) resulted in a dose- and time-dependent decrease in cell viability assessed by MTT assay. Both UDCA and LCA also induced genomic DNA fragmentation, a hallmark of apoptosis, indicating that the mechanism by which these bile acids induce cell death was through apoptosis. Cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, blocked the apoptosis induced by these bile acids, implying that new protein synthesis may be required for the apoptosis. Intracellular Ca2+ release blockers (dantrolene and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid-8-(diethylamino)octyl ester) inhibited decreased cell viability and DNA fragmentation induced by these bile acids. Treatment of HepG2 cells with calcium ionophore A23187 induced DNA fragmentation. These results suggest that UDCA and LCA induce apoptosis in the HepG2 cells and that the activation of intracellular Ca2+ signals may play an important role in the apoptosis induced by these bile acids.
Apoptosis* ; Bile Acids and Salts* ; Bile* ; Calcimycin ; Calcium ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Cell Death ; Cell Survival ; Cycloheximide ; DNA Fragmentation ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans* ; Lithocholic Acid ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of aggressive behavior problems in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: Children and adolescents with ASD, aged 6–18 years, were included in this study. We divided them into two groups according to the presence or absence of aggressive behavior. They were assessed using three scales, the Korean-Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), Behavior Problem Inventory, and Social Communication Questionnaire, which were completed by their parents, who conducted a continuous performance test to evaluate their attention function. The statistical analysis was done using the Mann-Whitney U-test between the two groups at a p-value of 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 17 children participated in this study. Ten children (7 boys, 12.4±4.27 years) were included in the group with aggressive behavior problems and 7 children (6 boys, 13.8±3.53 years) in the group without aggressive behavior problems. There were no significant differences in the age, gender or intelligence quotient of the two groups. The children with aggressive behavior problems showed a trend of higher T-scores in the attention problems and anxiety/depressed subscale of the CBLC (p<0.1). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that aggressive behavior problems in children with ASD may be related to their attention problems, anxiety and depression.
Adolescent ; Aggression ; Anxiety ; Autism Spectrum Disorder* ; Autistic Disorder* ; Checklist ; Child* ; Depression ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Parents ; Weights and Measures

Purpose: Pediatric diabetes is a common health burden worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of fasting hyperglycemia in Korean youth aged 10–18 years and to evaluate its association with metabolic indicators. Methods: To assess the risk of diabetes in domestic children and adolescents, the prevalence of fasting hyperglycemia was calculated, a trend was evaluated using multi-year Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data, and multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between hyperglycemia and metabolic factors. Results: The prevalence of fasting hyperglycemia, defined as impaired fasting glucose (fasting glucose level > 100 mg/dL and < 125 mg/dL), or diabetes mellitus (fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL) was estimated in Korean teenagers. The prevalence increased from the fourth (2007–2009) to the fifth (2010–2012), sixth (2013–2015), and seventh (2016–2018) KNHANES surveys, from 5.39 to 4.79, 10.03, and 11.66 per 100 persons, respectively. In multivariate analysis, systolic blood pressure and serum triglycerides were higher in the fasting hyperglycemia group; systolic blood pressures were 109.83 mmHg and 112.64 mmHg and serum triglycerides were 81.59 mg/dL and 89.60 mg/dL in the normal blood glucose and fasting hyperglycemia groups, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of fasting hyperglycemia among children and adolescents has increased over the past decade, and this increase is potentially associated with metabolic abnormalities such as hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia. Effort is urgently required to reduce this chronic medical burden in adolescence.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of a dental CT software program in the assessment of jaw cysts and in the differentiation of odontogenic keratocysts and other cysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen patients with proven jaw cysts (8 maxillae & 9 mandibles) were evaluated with a dental CT software program for location, locularity, the presence or absence of marginal scalloping, and height to length ratio. For the delineation of involvement or displacement of neurovascular bundles, cortical erosion, perforation or expansion, and tooth root resorption by the jaw cysts, images from this program were compared to conventional images. RESULTS: Seventeen lesions icomprised 15 odontogenic cysts (five odontogenic keratocysts, five radicular, three residual and two dentigerous cysts) and two non-odontogenic cysts (one nasopalatine duct cyst and one postoperative maxillary cyst). Images of jaw cysts obtained with the dental CT software program delineated much more clearly than conventional images the status of neurovascular bundle and cortical bone, but there was no clear difference between the two modalities in delineating tooth root erosion. Dental CT findings of five mandibular odontogenic keratocysts were scalloped margin in all, mandibular ramus involvement in four, height to length ratio below 60% in four, and multilocularity in two. The findings of the other 12 cysts (eight maxillae and four mandibles) were unilocularity in all, smooth inner margin in ten, height to length ratio below 60% in only two, and ramus involvement in none. CONCLUSION: Adental CT software program is an improved imaging modality for assessing jaw cysts ; and findings which tend to indicate odontogenic keratocysts are marginal scalloping, mandibular ramus involvement, prominent spread along the marrow space and multilocularity.
Bone Marrow ; Humans ; Jaw Cysts* ; Jaw* ; Maxilla ; Odontogenic Cysts* ; Pectinidae ; Tooth Root