Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the mediating effect of happiness on the relationship between gratitude disposition and psychological well-being among nurses working at general hospitals. Methods: The participants were 200 nurses working at general hospitals. A structured questionnaire was administered, and data were collected from November 20, 2020 to December 10, 2020. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear regression with SPSS for Windows 25.0. Results: Gratitude disposition (β=.62, p<.001) and happiness (β=.66, p<.001) were identified as significant predictors of the psychological well-being of clinical nurses. These variables explained 64% of the variance in nurse’s psychological well-being. Moreover, happiness had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between gratitude disposition and psychological well-being. Conclusion In order to improve the psychological well-being of clinical nurses, an emotion management program related to gratitude disposition and happiness should be developed and provided.

Purpose: Suicide among adolescents is a serious problem worldwide, and especially, the suicide rate of teenagers is increasing rapidly in South Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the respective suicidal behavior in terms of home-environment characteristics, health behavior characteristics, and psychological health characteristics in Korean adolescents. Methods: The data of the Web-based Survey of the Youth Risk Behavior from 2015 to 2017 collected by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: The influential factors by depression and suicidal behavior (suicidal ideation (SI), suicidal plan (SP), and suicidal attempt (SA)) were female(adjusted odds ratios [aOR], 1.45, 1.69, 1.30, 2.19), age (aOR 1.03, 0.98, 0.97, 0.90), no family members (aOR 1.21, 1.36, 2.11, 2.32), living with only the father (aOR 1.05, 1.06, 1.07, 1.11), high economic status (aOR 1.15, 1.22, 1.34, 1.46), residence in relatives’ home (aOR 1.6, 1.36, 2.34, 1.97), drinking experience (aOR 1.35, 1.47, 1.57, 1.76), smoking experience (aOR 1.28, 1.30, 1.31, 1.94), hospital treatment experience due to violence (aOR 2.18, 3.33, 6.24, 8.40), bad health status (aOR 1.23, 1.48, 2.00, 2.15), unhappiness (aOR 2.49, 6.14, 6.72, 8.89), and a lot of stress (aOR 6.05, 10.40, 4.86, 5.52). Conclusion The suicidal behavior risk screening and prevention program for adolescents should be developed considering the subjective happiness and hospital treatment experience status due to violence that affects suicidal behavior.

Purpose: This study aims to identify factors influencing the stigma communication concerning HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)/AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) patients between health and medical college students. Methods: In this descriptive study, the participants were 158 college students from a certain university. Data were collected from September 18 to September 30, 2018. Self-reported questionnaires were used to measure AIDS-related knowledge, homosexual awareness, fear of HIV/AIDS patients and stigma communication. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, one way analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation and a stepwise multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 23.0 program. Results: The factors influencing the stigma communication between health and medical college students were a fear of HIV/AIDS patients (β=.47, p＜.001) and homosexual awareness (β=-.15, p=.040), which together explained 28.0% of the variance in the model. Conclusion The study findings suggest that an education program for health and medical college students should be developed. Additionally, when designing the education program, it is recommended that the contents for inducing attitude changes should include affective areas as well as knowledge-oriented contents. The study suggests that it is necessary to provide a systematic education program to decrease the stigma for HIV/AIDS patients before health care providers enter clinical practice.

Purpose: This study aims to identify factors influencing the stigma communication concerning HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)/AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) patients between health and medical college students. Methods: In this descriptive study, the participants were 158 college students from a certain university. Data were collected from September 18 to September 30, 2018. Self-reported questionnaires were used to measure AIDS-related knowledge, homosexual awareness, fear of HIV/AIDS patients and stigma communication. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, one way analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation and a stepwise multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 23.0 program. Results: The factors influencing the stigma communication between health and medical college students were a fear of HIV/AIDS patients (β=.47, p＜.001) and homosexual awareness (β=-.15, p=.040), which together explained 28.0% of the variance in the model. Conclusion The study findings suggest that an education program for health and medical college students should be developed. Additionally, when designing the education program, it is recommended that the contents for inducing attitude changes should include affective areas as well as knowledge-oriented contents. The study suggests that it is necessary to provide a systematic education program to decrease the stigma for HIV/AIDS patients before health care providers enter clinical practice.

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine aromatherapy interventions for prenatal and postnatal women, and to determine the effectiveness of these interventions on fatigue. Methods: Six national and international databases were reviewed to retrieve and collect studies published up to September 7, 2021, describing randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials of aromatherapy interventions for prenatal and postnatal women’s fatigue. Of the 323 articles initially identified, 64 duplicates were excluded and 259 were screened. After further excluding 216 articles not related to PICO framework, 10 were selected for review. Two reviewers independently selected studies and conducted data extraction and quality appraisal using Cochran’s RoB (Risk of Bias) and RoBANS (Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies). Results: The quality of the 10 selected studies was overall satisfactory. A meta-analysis of three studies showed that aromatherapy with lavender oil? produced a 0.75-point reduction in postnatal mothers’ fatigue when compared to control groups. Sleep quality was also analyzed as a secondary outcome of fatigue. A meta-analysis of four studies using lavender and/or orange peel oil found that aromatherapy produced a 0.98-point improvement in postnatal mothers’ quality of sleep. Although a meta-analysis could not be conducted to synthesize the findings for fatigue in pregnant women, inhalation and massage therapy using lavender oil showed positive effects on prenatal fatigue and sleep quality. Conclusion Aromatherapy using lavender oil and orange peel oil is effective in improving prenatal and postnatal fatigue and sleep quality.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine the effects of osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system methylphenidate on changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). METHODS: A total of 26 children with ADHD (21 boys, mean age: 9.2±2.05 years old) were recruited. Each ADHD participant was examined for changes in rCBF using technetium-99m-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime brain SPECT before and after 8 weeks methylphenidate medication. Brain SPECT images of pediatric normal controls were selected retrospectively. SPECT images of ADHD children taken before medication were compared with those of pediatric normal controls and those taken after medication using statistical parametric mapping analysis on a voxel-wise basis. RESULTS: Before methylphenidate medication, significantly decreased rCBF in the cerebellum and increased rCBF in the right precuneus, left anterior cingulate, right postcentral gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule and right precentral gyrus were observed in ADHD children compared to pediatric normal controls (p-value<.0005, uncorrected). After medication, we observed significant hypoperfusion in the left thalamus and left cerebellum compared to pediatric normal controls (p-value<.0005, uncorrected). In the comparison between before medication and after medication, there was significant hyperperfusion in the superior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus and significant hypoperfusion in the right insula, right caudate, right middle frontal gyrus, left subcallosal gyrus, left claustrum, and left superior temporal gyrus after methylphenidate medication (p-value<.0005, uncorrected). CONCLUSION: This study supports dysfunctions of fronto-striatal structures and cerebellum in ADHD. We suggest that methylphenidate may have some effects on the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and cerebellum in children with ADHD.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Cerebellum ; Child* ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Methylphenidate* ; Parietal Lobe ; Rabeprazole ; Retrospective Studies ; Thalamus ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) with gingival recession require specific consideration on both aspects of hard and soft tissue lesion. In the restorative aspect, careful finishing and polishing of the restorations prior to mucogingival surgery is the critical factor contributing to success. Regarding surgery, assessment of the configuration of the lesion and the choice of surgical technique are important factors. The precise diagnosis and the choice of the proper treatment procedure should be made on the basis of both restorative and surgical considerations to ensure the successful treatment of NCCLs.
Diagnosis ; Gingival Recession*

We report the case of a female who died of suspected acute myocardial infarction. Post-mortem CT angiography (PMCTA) was performed with intravascular contrast infusion before the standard autopsy, and it successfully demonstrated the complete thrombotic occlusion of a coronary artery and also a corresponding perfusion defect on myocardium. We herein describe the PMCTA findings of a cardiac death with special emphasis on the potential benefits of this novel CT technique in forensic practice.
*Autopsy ; Coronary Occlusion/*diagnosis/etiology/radiography ; Coronary Vessels/pathology/radiography ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction/etiology/pathology ; Myocardium ; Thrombosis/complications/*diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Recently, a case of cervical cancer on the mucosal surface of a pedunculated cervical leiomyoma had been reported. We experienced a similar but distinct case of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma on the mucosal surface of a pedunculated submucous leiomyoma. A 45-year-old Korean woman underwent type I hysterectomy for heavy bleeding from pedunculated submucous leiomyoma. Histopathological examination revealed that the leiomyoma of which mucosa was covered focally by microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma. During the management of pedunculated leiomyoma protruding through cervix, caution must be taken because of, although rare instance, a possible coexisting malignancy.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Leiomyoma* ; Middle Aged ; Mucous Membrane ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

Objective: To compare mental health problems and personality characteristics between adolescents with self-injury (SI) and suicidal tendency (ST), including suicidal ideation and suicide planning. Methods: The participants completed the Adolescent Personality and Mental Health Problems Screening Questionnaire, Third version (AMPQ-III), and Korean version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-Kr), and gave their demographic information. Based on the answered SI and ST items in AMPQ-III, the participants were divided into groups: without SI and ST, with SI and without ST, without SI and with ST, and with SI and ST. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Scheffe test were used to determine group differences, stepwise multiple linear regression, and factors associated with SI and ST. Results: ANOVA yielded results for all categories of mental health problems. Significant differences were observed between the four groups. Conversely, for personality characteristics, only the sense of community item between the group without SI and with ST and the group without SI and ST were significantly different; sense of community was associated with ST (β=-0.054, p=0.005). Among the mental health subscales, SI was significantly associated with conduct problems (β=0.211, p<0.001), emotional problems (β=0.173, p<0.001), peer problems (β=0.085, p<0.001), and prosocial behavior (β=0.073, p<0.001). ST was significantly associated with emotional symptoms (β=0.317, p<0.001), peer problems (β=0.130, p<0.001), conduct problems (β=0.106, p<0.001), hyperactivity (β=0.050, p=0.010), and prosocial behavior (β=0.062, p<0.001). Conclusion The findings highlight the necessity of assessing psychological strength, difficulties, and personality characteristics for the prevention and early intervention of adolescent SI.